• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

In this study, we examined the changes in loaf weight, loaf volume and specific volume, moisture content and water absorption, pH and titrable acidity, shape, texture profile and sensory evaluation using sour dough instead of dough conditioner in bread making. The weight and volume of bread tended to increase in the sour dough bread, compared to the control. The pH of bread tended to be lower in the sour dough bread. The control bread had large irregular pores that were fewer in number, while the sour dough bread had small spots and was very dense and even throughout the whole surface. The texture profile of bread such as hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and brittleness was lower in the sour dough bread. There were no significant differences in the sensory characteristics of the breads, except for the shape of bread. However, the sour dough A bread was better in color, texture, flavor, touch, moistness, taste and overall acceptability, and the sour dough B bread was better in flavor, touch and taste than the control.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2002

The radiosurgery is planned that prescribed dose was irradiated to tumor for obtaining expected remedial value in stereotactic radiosurgery. The planning for many irregular tumor shape requires long computation time and skilled planners. Due to the rapid development in computer power recently, many optimization methods using computer has been proposed, although the practical method is still trial and error type of plan. In this study, many beam variables were considered and many tumor shapes were assumed cylinderical ideal models. Then, beam variables that covered the target within 50％ isodose curve were searched, the result was compared and analysed. The beam variables considered were isocenter separation distance, number of isocenters and collimator size. Dose distributions obtained with these variables were analysed by dose volume histogram(DVH) and dose profile at orthogonal plane. According to the results compared, the use of more isocenters than specified isocenter dosen't improve DVH and dose profile but only increases complexity of plan. The best result of DVH and dose profile are obtainedwhen isocenter separation was 1.0-1.2 in using same number of isocenter.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.612-621
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the histomorphological change of curved root canal preparation using GT rotary File, Profile .04 taper and stainless steel K-file. 45 mesial canals(over 20 degree) of extracted human mandibular first molars were mounted in resin using a modified Bramante muffle system and divided into three groups. The roots were cross-sectioned at 2.5mm 5mm and 8mm levels from apical foramen. Tracings of the canals were made from preinstrumentation pictures of the cross section. The canals were prepared using a step-back technique with stainless steel K file(group 1), Profile .04 taper rotary file(group 2) and GT rotary file(group 3). Tracings of the prepared canals were made from postinstrumentation picture. Canal centring ratio. amount of transportation, area of dentin removed and shape of canal were measured and statistically were evaluated with Student-Newman-Keuls test using Sigma Stat(Jandel Scientific Software, USA). The results were as followings : 1 Amount of transportation of group 2 was the lowest at apical part, but there was no statistical difference. The direction of transportation was the outside of curvature at apical part. 2. Centering ratio at the apical part of group 1 was the highest, and there was statistical differences between apical and middle part, apical and coronal part(p＜0.05). Centering ratio at the middle part of group 3 was the lowest, and there was statistical difference between apical and middle part(p＜0.05). Centering ratio of group 2 was the lowest at apical part, but there was no statistical difference. 3. Amount of dentin removed of group 1 was the highest at coronal, middle and apical part among three groups, and there was statistical difference(p＜0.05). 4. The majority of the cross-sectioned canal shape after instrumentation were irregular at coronal, middle and apical part. But there are more number of round shaped canals at group 3 than other group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.431-437
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• 2017

In this study, based on the RPS algorithm, the application results to an electrically controlled suspension system using previewed road information are presented. Reducing the excessive vibration induced by a disturbance transmitted to the system and secure its stability is a major issue. In particular, in the automotive industry, the demand is constantly being raised. A typical external disturbance causing vibration and instability of a vehicle is an irregular roadway surface that contacts a running vehicle tire. Therefore, obtaining such profile information is an important process. The RPS algorithm using a multi sensor system was constructed and implemented in a real car. Through experimental work using the RPS system included non-contact type optical sensors, it could robustly reconstruct the road input profiles from the intermixed data onto the vehicle's dynamic motion while traveling at an uneven roadway surface. A controller with a preview control was designed in the framework of a semi-active suspension system based on the 7 degrees of freedom full vehicle model. The control performance of the system was evaluated through simulations and the results were compared with the passive vehicle condition. These results highlight the feasibility of the presented control frame.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 2021

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. Methods: PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. Results: Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.24-29
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• 1996

The objective of this research is to study on the formations of thermal stratification in a room in case of several furniture fires such as trashcan, chair, carpet, sofa, mattress and wardrobe as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the mattress and wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. When fire spread to only one direction, like the case for the trashcan with a regular shape, there was one peak of temperature profile, and for the irregular shaped furniture such as chair, sofa, mattress and wardrobe, there were two or more peaks. The interface heights for the furniture fires were around 1(m) mataining constant state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25(m)-0.75(m) from the floor

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2008

Flow resistance in a natural stream is caused by complex factors, such as the grains on the bed, vegetation, and bed-form, reach profile. Flow resistance in a generally stable gravel bed stream is due to protrudent grains from bed. Therefore, the flow resistance can be calculated by equivalent roughness in gravel bed stream, but estimation of equivalent roughness is difficult because nonuniform size and irregular arrangement of distributed grain on natural stream bed. In previous study, equivalent roughness is empirically estimated using characteristic grain size. However, application of empirical equation have uncertainty in stream that stream bed characteristic differs. In this study, we developed a model using an analytical method considering grain diameter distribution characteristics of grains on the bed and also taking into account flow resistance acting on each grain. Also, the model consider the protrusion height of grain.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.127-132
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• 1998

The present study is aimed to investigate flow characteristics of Two dimensional backward-facing step by numerical approach. A convection conservative difference scheme based upon SOLA algorithm is used for the solution of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow conditions at which the experimental data can be available for the backward-facing step. The twenty kinds of Reynolds number are used for the calculations. In an effort to demonstrate that the reported solutions are dependent on the mesh refinement, computations are performed on seven different meshes of uniformly increasing refinement. Also to investigate the result of inflow dependence, two kinds of the inflow profile are chosen for the laminar flow. As criterion of benchmarking the result of numerical simulation, reattachment length is used for the selected Reynolds numbers.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.100-105
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• 2014

It has been previously reported that in principle sludge and blockages can be detected and even characterized by using guided ultrasonic torsional waves, based on an idealized model in which the sludge layer was simplified in terms of geometry and material properties. The work revealed that the presence of a layer inside a pipe scatters the guided wave propagating in the pipe and both the reflection and transmission of the guided wave can be used to effectively detect and characterize the layer. This paper proceeds the work by taking into account more realistic sludge characteristics, including irregular circumferential profiles of the sludge layer and imperfect bonding state between the sludge and the pipe. The influence of these issues is investigated to identify the critical factors that influence the detection and characterization capability of the two measurements.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2004

A 13-year-old, male Maltese was refered to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University with inappropriate urination and hematuria. CBC, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis and urine culture were performed. Malignant cells were found in the urine sediment. Thoracic and abdominal radiography, retrograde positive-contrast cystography, retrograde double-contrast cystography, excretory urography, ultrasonography were performed. On the retrograde positive-contrast cystography examination, irregular filling defects were present on the left side of the cranial part of the bladder. Partial cystectomy performed and then medical therapy was conducted. On histopathological examinations, the lesion was confirmed as a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.