• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2012

A sensitive eight-channel high-Tc Superconducting Interference Device (SQUID) detection system for magnetic contaminant in a lithium ion battery anode was developed. Finding ultra-small metallic foreign matter is an important issue for a manufacturer because metallic contaminants carry the risk of an internal short. When contamination occurs, the manufacturer of the product suffers a great loss from recalling the tainted product. Metallic particles with outer dimensions smaller than 100 microns cannot be detected using a conventional X-ray imaging system. Therefore, a highly sensitive detection system for small foreign matter is required. We have already developed a detection system based on a single-channel SQUID gradiometer and horizontal magnetization. For practical use, the detection width of the system should be increased to at least 65 mm by employing multiple sensors. In this paper, we present an 8-ch high-Tc SQUID roll-to-roll system for inspecting a lithium-ion battery anode with a width of 65 mm. A special microscopic type of a cryostat was developed upon which eight SQUID gradiometers were mounted. As a result, small iron particles of 35 microns on a real lithium-ion battery anode with a width of 70 mm were successfully detected. This system is practical for the detection of contaminants in a lithium ion battery anode sheet.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2015

Radioisotopes emitting low-range highly ionizing radiation such as ${\beta}$-particles are of increasing significance in internal radiotherapy. Among the ${\beta}$-particle emitting radioisotopes, $^{67}Cu$ is an attractive radioisotope for various nuclear medicine applications due to its medium energy ${\beta}$-particle, gamma emissions, and 61.83-hour half-life, which can also be used with $^{64}Cu$ for PET imaging. The production and application of the ${\beta}$-emitting radioisotope $^{67}Cu$ for therapeutic radiopharmaceutical are outlined, and different production routes are discussed. A survey of copper chelators used for antibody labeling is provided. It has been produced via proton, alpha, neutron, and gamma irradiations followed by solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrodeposition. Clinical studies using $^{67}Cu$-labelled antibodies in lymphoma, colon carcinoma and bladder cancer patients are reviewed. Widespread use of this isotope for clinical studies and preliminary treatments has been limited by unreliable supplies, cost, and difficulty in obtaining therapeutic quantities.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.35-39
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• 2005

In this paper, we investigate the oxide cathodes for the development of reliable electron sources. Poisoning in oxide cathodes is one of the serious problems in achieving reliable electron emission. In particular, early poisoning induces poor life performance as will be demonstrated herein. The survivability of electron emission sources is significantly improved by high doping of high-speed activator. The robust oxide cathodes with 0.17 % Mg operating at about 1,050 K are expected to work for very long times (>100,000 hours). We suggest that this key idea will contribute to solving the basic problems in oxide cathodes such as poisoning or ion bombardment for high power or high frequency applications of electron sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.105-110
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• 2020

The global battery market is rapidly growing due to the development of vehicles(EV) and wireless electronic products. In particular logistics robots, which hielp to produce EVs, have attracted much interest in research in Korea Because logistics sites and factories operate continuously for 24 hours, the technology that can dramatically increase the operation time of the logistics equipment is rapidly developing, and various high-level technologies are required for the batteries used in. for example, logistics robots. These required technologies include those that enable rapid battery charging as well wireless charging to charge batteries while moving. The development of these technologies, however, result in increasing explosions and topical accidents involving rapid charging batteries These accidents due to the thermal shock caused by the heat generated during the charging of the battery cell. In this study, a performance evaluation of a heat dissipation design using infrared thermal imaging was performed on an energy storage systrm(Ess) applied with an internal heat conduction cooling method using a heating plate.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2017

Negative staining has been traditionally used for exosome imaging; however, the technique is limited to surface topology only and can cause staining artifacts. Therefore, to analyze the internal structure of exosomes, we employed a method of block preparation, thin sectioning, and electron tomography. In addition, an automatic serial sectioning technique with 15-nm thickness through focused ion beam was employed to observe the three-dimensional structure of exosomes of various sizes. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed the near-to-native structure of exosomes.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.79.2-79.2
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• 2021

We explore the range of possibilities of temperatures, heated temperature, and Kappa values of a current sheet observation on 2017 September 10. First, we construct a grid model with rapid heating (T_heat) and various Kappa (κ) values. We assume a simple density model and use adiabatic cooling to set the temperature during expansion. Next, we calculate the ion fractions using a time-dependent ionization model with adiabatic cooling and various Kappa values. The calculated ion fractions are used to simulate the DNs of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory. Then, we explore the possible range of the temperatures and Kappa values, comparing the simulated images with the observations. Finally, we discuss the range of the heated temperature and Kappa values and whether the result of this study suggests continuous heating of the current sheet plasma during the expansion.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2007

GABA is primary an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is localized in inhibitory interneurons. GABA is released from presynaptic terminals and functions by binding to GABA receptors. There are two types of GABA receptors, $GABA_{A}-receptor$ that allows chloride to pass through a ligand gated ion channel and $GABA_{B}-receptor$ that uses G-proteins for signaling. The $GABA_{A}$-receptor has a GABA binding site as well as a benzodiazepine binding sites, which modulate $GABA_{A}$-receptor function. Benzodiazepine GABAA receptor imaging can be accomplished by radiolabeling derivates that activates benzodiazepine binding sites. There has been much research on flumazenil (FMZ) labeled with $^{11}C-FMZ$, a benzodiazepine derivate that is a selective, reversible antagonist to GABAA receptors. Recently, $^{18}F-fluoroflumazenil$ (FFMZ) has been developed to overcome $^{11}C's$ short half-life. $^{18}F-FFMZ$ shows high selective affinity and good pharmacodynamics, and is a promising PET agent with better central benzodiazepine receptor imaging capabilities. In an epileptic focus, because the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor amount is decreased, using $^{11}C-FMZ$ PET instead of $^{18}F-FDG$ PET, restrict the foci better and may also help find lesions better than high resolution MR. $GABA_{A}$ receptors are widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, and can be used as an viable neuronal marker. Therefore it can be used as a neuronal cell viability marker in cerebral ischemia. Also, GABA-receptors decrease in areas where neuronal plasticity develops, therefore, $GAB_{A}$ imaging can be used to evaluate plasticity. Besides these usages, GABA receptors are related with psychological diseases, especially depression and schizophrenia as well as cerebral palsy, a motor-related disorder, so further in-depth studies are needed for these areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.170.2-170.2
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• 2015

Enormous interest in trivalent rare-earth (RE) ions activated luminescent materials has been gaining owing to their promising applications in bio-imaging, solar cells, white light-emitting diodes and field-emission displays. Among these trivalent RE ions, dysprosium (Dy3+) was widely investigated due to its unique photoluminescence (PL) emissions. A series of Dy3+-activated CaWO4 phosphors were prepared by a facile high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction, PL spectra, cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra as well as PL decay curves were used to characterize the prepared samples. Under ultraviolet light excitation, the characteristic emissions of Dy3+ ions were observed in all the obtained phosphors. Furthermore, the PL emission intensity increased gradually with the increment of Dy3+ ion concentration, reaching its maximum value at an optimized Dy3+ ion concentration. Additionally, color-tunable emissions were obtained in Dy3+-activated CaWO4 system by adjusting the Dy3+ ion concentration and excitation wavelength. Ultimately, strong CL properties were observed in Dy3+-activted CaWO4 phosphors. These results suggested that the Dy3+-activted CaWO4 phosphors may have potential applications in the field of miniature color displays.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2014

A study was carried out to fabricate the cutting tool geometry with micro/nanoscale on the single crystal diamond tool by using the FIB. The FIB technique is an ideal tool for TEM sample preparation that allows for the fabrication of electron-transparent foils. The FIB is appropriate techniques to sample and subsequently define the chemical composition and the structural state of mineral inclusion on the micro/nanoscale. The combination of FIB with a SEM allows for 3D information to be obtained from samples including 3D imaging. Cutting strategies were demonstrated to improve the performance of cutting tool geometry and to generate high aspect ratio micro cutting tool. A finely focused beam of 30keV Ga+ ions was used to mill cutting tool shapes for various micro patterns. Therefore FIB sputtering is used to shape a variety of cutting tools with dimensions in the $1-5{\mu}m$ range and cutting edge radii of curvature of under 50nm.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2021

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is on the rise as a treatment choice for malignant tumor. Compared to conventional radiotherapy, particle beams have different physical and biological properties. Particle beam provides a low entry dose, deposits most of the energy at the endpoint of the flight path, and forms an asymptotic dose peak (the "Bragg peak"). Compared to protons, carbon with its larger mass decreases beam scattering, resulting in a sharper dose distribution border. We report a 50-year-old male who underwent CIRT without surgical resection on osteosarcoma of the mandible. After CIRT, the patient's pain was gone, and the malignant mass remained stable with accompanying necrosis. Nine months later, however, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated progression of the left mandibular osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases. After multidisciplinary discussion, concurrent chemoradiotherapy was conducted. While necrotic bone segments came out of the mandible during subsequent periodic outpatient visits, the tumor itself was stable. Thirty months after his first visit and diagnosis, the patient is waiting for chemotherapy. Although CIRT is superior in treating radioresistant hypoxic disease, CIRT is in its infancy, so care must be taken for its indications and complications.