• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.405-417
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• 2019

We analyzed the profitability of Korea's forestry by evaluating stumpage prices of the main economic tree species. Stumpage prices are evaluated with a market value formula, subtracting logging and transporting costs from market prices of logs. If trees are sold at the current cutting age, the stumpage price of larch is about 4.5 million KRW per hectare and that of Korean pine is about 3.7 million KRW per hectare. The stumpage prices do not cover reforestation cost, which is about 6.1 million KRW per hectare. If government subsidies did not support the cost of reforestation and silviculture, there would be no profits at all. The cost of forestry is very high in terms of planting and silviculture. In the future, the prices of logs are not predicted to rise and the wages for labor are not predicted to fall. Without reforming the current forestry regime, Korean forestry is, thus, not sustainable. Therefore, low-cost forestry efforts like natural regeneration should be adopted to make forestry viable. Investments in forestry infrastructure like forest roads are also required to decrease the timber logging and transporting costs.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2019

Natural disasters destroy decades of human effort and investments, thereby placing new demands on society for reconstruction and rehabilitation. In most case, the natural phenomena triggering the disasters are beyond human control. In order to solve the problems that the information resources can not be shared among disaster management sectors and their work is hard to be coordinated in city, an idea of application of ubiquitous sense network and ICT technology to model the architecture of the disaster prevention system based on the analysis of characteristics of disasters. The proposed algorithm simulated that it is possible to locate the terminal by linking the direction angle and the estimated position that can be confirmed at the time of stopping, even if the movement direction of the terminal does not move in a certain direction with only a smaller number of mobile base stations. We also confirmed that the proposed algorithms analyzed through simulation are more efficient than existing algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2019

In this study, we compared the operational rates of natural gas, coal, nuclear power and renewable energy based on the data of power generation and power generation facilities produced in summer season(from June to August) during the last four years(2015~2018). Nuclear power and coal power, which are responsible for basic power generation, were guaranteed to be economical as the actual generation capacity remained 60% higher than the cost of power generation. On the other hand, natural gas generation and new renewable energy generation have a very low actual operation rate of 29.5% and 27.3% compared to investments in power generation facilities, making it difficult to lower the cost of power generation. However, coal generation has structural problems in terms of greenhouse gas, fine dust. On the other hand, natural gas generation is relatively low and even though it is safe, it is difficult to secure economic feasibility as it is bound by a peak power system. Therefore, it is only possible to achieve balanced development of energy sources when there is a change in the development policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2018

Achievement of sustainable agricultural development is one of the most important issues in many developing countries. In addition, basic inputs such as labor and capital, and social and environmental factors are important factors in agricultural production in developing countries. This study examines impact of governance conditions of Central Asian newly independent Post-Soviet Union countries on agricultural production and production efficiencies by using World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators. The studied countries had similar socio-economic conditions and environments before independence; however, those countries have different forms of development. Empirical results showed that governance improvement helped to increase agricultural production significantly. In addition, we found that each governance factor has different effects on agricultural production. The findings of this study would be a base for sustain agricultural production in developing countries, and stressed the necessity of improved governance conditions as well as input investments for achievement of agricultural development.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2019

The ICSID arbitral tribunal shall determine the suitability of investors in accordance with the Article 25 of the ICSID convention and the investment or investor's provisions under the BIT. The eligibility of investors has an important role in establishing jurisdiction under international investment disputes. Therefore, this study draws implications on issues related to investor qualification, focusing on ICSID arbitration. The investor's nationality shall be taken into consideration in determining whether the investor is eligible. The criteria for determining the nationality of a corporate investor include the place of incorporation, main business location, and substantial ownership or control. The criterion of the place of incorporation that is used in a number of BIT have the problem of protecting investors from third countries not involved in the BIT. So, in recent years it is stipulated that the actual economic activity or the main business location as well as the place of incorporation criteria. And this problem is complemented by the denial of benefit clause. When determining whether a local corporation is controlled by foreigner in the host state it considers the shareholding rate, voting rights, and the exercise of managerial rights. There is a tendency to recognize shareholder's right to petition. Thus the same damage should not cause problems such as duplicate repayment or double reimbursement between the shareholders and the company. Unexpected problems can arise if the scope of investments and investors is broadly specified in the BIT. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the scope of investment to be protected.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.491-499
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• 2021

Major countries in the world have established strategies for educating about artificial intelligence(AI) and with large investments are actively implementing these strategies. With this trend, domestic ministries have made efforts to establish national strategies to better educate students about AI. This paper presents the syllabus of AI classrooms which has been developed and presented to pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers for their use. In addition, the AI education tools they particularly preferred and their future plans for utilizing them in the elementary school classroom were investigated. Through this study, it was found that pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers strongly prefer lectures about AI education tools that can be immediately applied in the classroom, rather than learning about the theoretical basis of AI. At issue, however, is that the ability to utilize AI is usually based on a sufficient understanding of the theory. Thus, this paper suggests further study to identify better pedagogical practices to improve students' understanding the theoretical basis of AI.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.243-274
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• 2012

This research analyzes the determinants of Korea's trade using the Gravity model, Chow test and panel data anaysis. According to the pooled panel OLS analysis using the gravity model and Chow-test, Korea's trade patterns before and after the 2008 financial crisis are heterogeneous. Variables of basic gravity model, GDP per capita, distance, and population, identically showed positive and significant correlation with trade volume before and after financial crisis, but also equally showed the decrease in absolute value of coefficient. On the other hands, Overseas Direct Investments(ODI) variable showed the increase in absolute value of coefficient. But TCI was no longer significant. This research is significant in that it is able to show the strategy for the long term growth in Korea's volume of international trade through econometric analysis based on data of 55 trading partner of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2006

Information is playing a key role in sufficing the needs of individual members of the society in today's rapidly changing environment. Especially, the cases of illegal gathering of privacy information will increase and the leakage of privacy information will grow as the individual activities in the ubiquitous computing environment. In this paper, we suggested the privacy framework in order to make design and implementation of secure and effective privacy management system. Ant we also introduced the methodology which is represent to 5 specific stages in order to suggest to the privacy system development guideline from the standpoints of the privacy system operator or developer. Especially, we tried to determine whether the suggested methodology can be effectively used in the real computing environment or not by making necessary investments in management (privacy policy) and technical (system architecture) sides. We believe that the privacy framework and methodology introduced in this research can be utilized to suggest new approach for showing direction from the privacy protection perspective, which is becoming more important in ubiquitous environments, and practical application rather than providing conceptual explanation from the views of engineer or developer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.140-152
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• 2021

During the shift from gasoline vehicles to electric ones, auto parts manufacturing companies have realized the importance of improvement in the manufacturing process that does not require any layout changes nor extra investments, while maintaining their current production rate. Due to these reasons, for the auto part manufacturing company, I-company, this study has developed the simulation model of the PUSH system to conduct a process analysis in terms of production rate, WIP level, and logistics work's utilization rate. In addition, this study compares the PUSH system with other three manufacturing systems -KANBAN, DBR, and CONWIP- to compare the performance of these production systems, while satisfying the company's target production rate. With respect to lead-time, the simulation results show that the improvement of 77.90% for the KANBAN system, 40.39% for the CONWIP system, and 69.81% for the DBR system compared to the PUSH system. In addition, with respect to WIP level, the experimental results demonstrate that the improvement of 77.91% for the KANBAN system, 40.41% for the CONWIP system, and 69.82% for the DBR system compared to the PUSH system. Since the KANBAN system has the largest impacts on the reduction of the lead-time and WIP level compared to other production systems, this study recommends the KANBAN system as the proper manufacturing system of the target company. This study also shows that the proper size of moving units is four and the priority allocation of bottleneck process methods improves the target company's WIP and lead-time. Based on the results of this study, the adoption of the KANBAN system will significantly improve the production process of the target company in terms of lead-time and WIP level.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2021

The purposes of this study are to identify factors that affect personal information protection activities from the perspective of personal information managers and explore ways of promoting such activities. The main factors examined by threat and response assessments were selected based on the protection motivation theory, and the effects of each factor were analyzed using a multinomial logit model. The analysis results show that small-scale personal information managers need to be provided with both educational support to enhance their awareness and technical support, such as protection inspection tools, to help them carry out their own personal information protection activities. Personal information managers larger than a certain size also require tax support, including tax cuts, to support their budgets for and investments in personal information protection activities. In addition, they need professional education that emphasizes practice.