• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2008

Financial ratios are key indicators of an organization's financial and business conditions. Among various financial indicators, profitability, financial structure, financial activity and liquidity ratios are frequently used and analyzed. Using the structural equation modeling(SEM) technique, this study examines the structural causal relationships among key financial indicators. Data for this study are taken from complete financial statements from 142 hospitals that passed the standardization audit undertaken by the Korean Hospital Association from 1998 to 2001 for the purpose of accrediting teaching hospitals. In order to improve comparability, ratio values are standardized using the Blom's normal distribution. The final model of the SEM has four latent constructs: financial activity(total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover), liquidity(current ratio, quick ratio, collection period), financial structure(total debt to equity, long-term debt to equity, fixed assets to fund balance), and profitability(return on assets, normal profit to total assets, operating margin to gross revenue, normal profit to gross revenue). While examining several model fit indices(Chi-square (df) = 178.661 (40), likelihood ratio=4.467, RMR=.11, GFI=.849, RMSEA=.157), the final SEM we employed shows a relatively good fit. After examining the path coefficient of the constructs, the financial structure of the hospital affects the hospital's profitability in a statistically significant way. A hospital which utilizes its liabilities, more specifically fixed liabilities, and makes a stable investment decision for fixed assets was found to have a higher profitability than other hospitals. Then, the standard path coefficients were examined to directly compare the influence of variables. It was found that there were no statistically significant path coefficients among constructs. When it comes to variables, however, statistically significant relationships were found. between. financial activity and. fixed. asset turnover, and between profitability and normal profit to gross revenue. These results show that the observed variables of fixed asset turnover and normal profit to gross revenue can be used as indicators representing financial activity and profitability.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the state of the energy industry and to determine the efficiency of its functioning on the basis of energy conservation principle and application of innovative technologies aimed at improving the ecological modernisation of agricultural sectors of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach of financial and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project, based on calculation of elasticity, total costs and profitability, as well as on comparative, graphical and system analysis. The current stage is characterised by widely spread restructuring processes of electric power industry in many countries through introduction of new technical installations of energy facilities and increased government regulation in order to enhance the competitive advantage of electricity market. Electric power industry features a considerable value of creating areas. For example, by providing scientific and technical progress, it crucially affects not only the development but also the territorial organisation of productive forces, first of all the industry. In modern life, more than 90% of electricity and heat is obtained by Kazakhstan's economy by consuming non-renewable energy resources: different types of coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas and peat. Therefore, it is significant to ensure energy security, as the country faces a rapid fall back to mono-gas structure of fuel and energy balance. However, energy resources in Kazakhstan are spread very unevenly. Its main supplies are concentrated in northern and central parts of the republic, and the majority of consumers of electrical power live in the southern and western areas of the country. However, energy plays an important role in the economy of industrial production and to a large extent determines the level of competitive advantage, which is a promising condition for implementation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. In these circumstances, issues of modernisation and reforms of this sector in Kazakhstan gain more and more importance, which can be seen in the example of economically sustainable solutions of a large local monopoly company, significant savings in capital investment and efficiency of implementation of an investment project. A major disadvantage of development of electricity distribution companies is the prevalence of very high moral and physical amortisation of equipment, reaching almost 70-80%, which significantly increases the operating costs. For example, while an investment of 12 billion tenge was planned in 2009 in this branch, in 2012 it is planned to invest more than 17 billion. Obviously, despite the absolute increase, the rate of investment is still quite low, as the total demand in this area is at least more than 250 billion tenge. In addition, industrial infrastructure, including the objects of Kazakhstan electric power industry, have a tangible adverse impact on the environment. Thus, since there is a large number of various power projects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation, the environment is deteriorated. Hence, there is a need to optimise the efficiency of the organisation and management of production activities of energy companies, to create and implement new technologies, to ensure safe production and provide solutions to various environmental aspects. These are key strategic factors to ensure success of the modern energy sector of Kazakhstan. The contribution of authors in developing the scope of this subject is explained by the fact that there was not enough research in the energy sector, especially in the view of ecological modernisation. This work differs from similar works in Kazakhstan in the way that the proposed method of investment project calculation takes into account the time factor, which compares the current and future value of profit from the implementation of innovative equipment that helps to bring it to actual practise. The feasibility of writing this article lies in the need of forming a public policy in the industrial sector, including optimising the structure of energy disbursing rate, which complies with the terms of future modernised development of the domestic energy sector.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 1998년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 공개정보를 전달하는 매스미디어를 표본으로 하여 투자자의 비이성적 행동(즉 비관적 분위기)이 주식시장의 수익률 및 투자자의 시장 활동에 어떠한 역할을 하는지를 검증하였다. 이론적으로 비관적 투자자 이론에 따르면 투자자의 비관적 분위기는 자기자본 가격하락 압력에 직면하게 되고, 이에 따라 시장의 분위기가 비관적으로 되며 시장수익률이 하락한다는 것이다. 또한 이러한 투자자의 비관주의가 시장에서 거래비용을 증가시키게 되고 결국 시장 투자자들의 거래활동을 위축시키게 된다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 공개 정보 전달 채널인 매스미디어에서 제공하는 공개 정보의 비관적 보도가 투자자들의 비이성적 행동을 유도하게 되고, 이것은 결국 주식시장에 직접적으로 영향을 주게 된다는 것이다. 기존 이론적 및 실증적 연구 결과를 국내 매스미디어 표본을 사용하여 실증 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현재 매스미디어 비관주의가 시장수익률 및 시장초과수익률에 부(-)의 영향을 주었지만 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 제시하지는 못하였다. 둘째, 미래 매스미디어 비관주의는 현재 주식시장의 비관적 분위기에 부의 영향을 받는다는 증거가 제시되었다. 셋째, 다양한 시장 활동 대용변수를 사용하여 매스미디어 비관주의가 투자자의 시장 활동에 어떻게 영향을 주는지를 검증한 결과 비관주의가 시장 활동을 위축시킨다는 결과를 발견하였으며, 통계적으로는 유의한 결과를 제시하지 못하였다. 통계적 유의성이 낮은 이유는 표본수집이 월 단위로 인하여 효과가 감소하였기 때문으로 추측된다. 본 논문에서 발견된 증거는 통계적으로 유의하지 않지만 부호는 이론적 관점에서 예측된 결과를 지지하고 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 자신을 덕후라고 지각하는 덕후 집단의 덕후 활동 및 몰입 수준이 자신을 덕후로 지각하지 않는 일반 성인집단과 차이가 있는지, 덕후 활동 전후에 실제로 정서 변화의 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 성인 227명이었고 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자신을 덕후라고 지각하는 덕후 집단은 비덕후 집단에 비해 덕후 활동에 투자하는 비용 및 1일 투자 시간이 많았고 특히 1주 활동 시간 및 지속기간(년수)가 유의하게 길었다. 둘째 자신을 덕후라고 지각하는 정도 및 덕후 활동 수준이 높을수록 몰입도가 높았으며 덕후 집단은 비덕후 집단보다 몰입 수준이 높았다. 셋째, 비덕후 집단에서는 덕후 활동 전후에 따른 긍정 정서 및 부정 정서의 변화가 없었던 반면 덕후 집단에서는 덕후 활동을 하기 전보다 후에 행복감, 즐거움, 평온, 쾌감 등의 긍정 정서가 증가하고 분노, 불안, 슬픔, 수치심, 죄책감 등 부정 정서가 유의하게 감소하였다. 덕후 지각 및 덕후 활동에는 몰입 수준을 증가시키며 부적 정서를 완화하고 긍정 정서를 고양시키는 긍정적 기능이 있는 것으로 시사된다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2019

최근 ICT 기반 서비스 기업의 성공 사례로 다양한 창업 기업 육성 및 지원이 등장하고 있지만 정책 및 지원이 창업 초기에 몰려 있어 창업 후 안정적인 성장이 어려운 실정이다. 이는 창업 과업을 개별적인 활동으로 인식하기 때문이다. 하지만 창업 초기부터 성장 및 안정 단계에 이르기까지 창업성공에 영향을 미치는 일련의 프로세스가 존재하고 이를 파악하는 것은 창업자의 성공적인 창업 경험을 지원하는 기반이 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 창업 경험자들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 창업 프로세스 모델을 구축하고 분석하고자 한다. 실제 ICT 서비스업 창업 사례를 기반으로 프로세스 분석한 결과, 창업자 분석, 아이디어 도출, 사업계획서 작성, 사업다각화가 전체 창업 과정에서 중요한 프로세스로 도출되었다. 반면에 마케팅 관련 활동 및 투자자금 활용 과업이 빈도는 높았지만 중요하게 나타나지 않았는데 이는 이러한 활동들이 일회성활동이 아니라 지속적으로 수행되어야 하는 과업임을 의미한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 분석 방법을 통해 창업 과업 간의 순차적인 흐름을 도출하고 과업 수행 간 특징을 도출할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 개별 과업 단위의 연구에서는 파악할 수 없었던 일시적 과업의 파악과 상호 보완적인 과업 활동의 파악이 가능할 것이라 기대된다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 프로세스 모델 및 분석 결과를 바탕으로 창업자 지원 시스템을 구축하게 되면 더 많은 실제 창업 사례 분석을 통하여, 예비 창업자 또는 신규 창업자의 창업 과정에서 개인별 맞춤형 지원이 가능할 뿐만 아니라, 창업 과정에서 발생되는, 또는 발생 가능한 여러 어려움을 극복하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.244-261
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• 2000

Background : In order to cope with changes in the management environment at hospitals, increased interests are drawn in patient foodservice system on Continuous Quality Improvement Activity as the method of approaching a quality food service and effective management. Thus, as a part of this activity, this study was conducted to evaluate job flow improvement that was already performed and the results of that process at the dietetic department of a university hospital, focusing on improving management. Method : On February 15 of 1998. the dietetic department formed a job flow-improvement to decide on the priority of job flow improvement, and prepared specific action strategies and schedule of the priority: after a 5 month process period, job improvement achieved on June 15. 1998. Also, economic achievement of the task was evaluated through labor productivity analysis and cost-benefit analysis. Results : The patient food service system which was managed decentralized at the present hospital was centralized, some steps of the food service process were integrated, and quality of patient food was improved. Also, as a solution of the problems expected when conducting job flow improvement was made on food service equipments and utensils. The result of evaluating the job flow improvement that labor productivity improved by 18.2% compared to before the improvement and the result of the analysis of cost-benefit showed that Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio was 2.22. showing financial merit on the investment. Conclusions : Continuous Quality Improvement Activity needs to be initiated and conducted in the future in various areas of hospital foodservice system in order to actively adopt to ever changing hospital management environment. In order to achieve this goal, many researches and more efforts need to be put in by people in charge of hospital food service management, and interests and support are needed from hospital policy makers.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.156-172
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• 2019

Purpose - Without question, globalization has presented different opportunities to entrepreneurs seeking to expand their companies in foreign markets. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial activity, information internalization, and product differentiation in export oriented firms. As such, entrepreneurial activities are divided into exploitative and exploratory opportunities. These opportunities are crucial in improving firms' performance. Design/methodology - A structural questionnaire was developed using 21 factors/indicators from previous researches. The subjects of this study were recruited using convenience sampling in export SMEs in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Data were collected through visits or e-mails from the export managers, executives, and CEOs of export SMEs in advance. 321 questionnaires were collected over a period of one month. 316 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Findings - First, International Entrepreneurial-orientation (IE) has a positive effect on the exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. Second, the exploration and exploitation of business opportunities have a positive impact on information internalization. Third, information internalization has a significant effect on product differentiation and plays a mediating role in seeking opportunities, utilizing opportunities, and differentiating products. Originality/value - This study contributes to the development of academic discussions by explaining existing research gaps. First, there is currently a lack of research focusing precisely on the product differentiation capability of SMEs in manufacturing field in terms of IE. To bridge these gaps, we examined the entrepreneurial factors impact on product differentiation and tries to expand the discussion about the internationalization of SMEs, which were mainly focused on IT companies, and manufacturing companies. Second, there is no intuitive explanation regarding international entrepreneurial activity in terms of exploration and exploitation within existing. In this study, international entrepreneurship activities were classified in terms of exploration and exploitation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 지방정부에 의한 자원봉사자의 봉사활동에 대한 지속가능성을 높이고 보다 체계적이고 안정적인 자원봉사활동을 유도해 낼 수 있는 효율적인 자원봉사 관리방안과 지속가능한 자원봉사자 확대방안의 마련이 필요함을 제시하였다. 이를 위한 구체적인 방안으로 상생과 협력을 통한 지속가능한 자원봉사자 확대를 위한 인센티브 구축, 기초 및 광역자치단체장의 추진의지 제고와 제도적 장치의 마련, 자원봉사자의 내부역량 향상 및 행 재정지원 강화 등을 우선적인 자원봉사자의 확대 방안으로 제시하였다. 그리고 자원봉사자들이 지속가능한 봉사활동과 봉사자가 획기적으로 확대될 수 있도록 과감한 지원과 투자, 여건조성 등 자원봉사관련 제반사항의 실효성이 확보되어야 함을 강조하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.121-140
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to analyse and observe the college of oriental medicine related with nursing investment contents, its conversion process and output to get good qualified oriental nursing result, thus developing a matrix of oriental nursing management system on the basis of that project. Method: This study was nursing management system of matrix developmental study for Korea was performed to the objectives of 11 college of oriental medicine nursing directors and 328 nurses with more than three-year experiences in Korea. Result: We found difficulties to utilize knowledge obtained through the regular curriculum to the practice of oriental nursing because only me or two subjects were running or even no syllabus. Therefore, we recommend that oriental nursing in-service education program as well as oriental nursing practice preceptorship should be administered en site. The evaluation of oriental nursing and its feedback, duty related multiple evaluation, aggressive QI activity and feedback of the performance evaluation oriental nurse's role and duty manual also should be essentially organized. Conclusion: We urgently request that the consensus of nursing school and nurse association to be made about oriental nursing activity as a basic curriculum of compulsive subject.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.64-82
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• 2019

Purpose - This study's the ultimate goal is to analyze competitiveness improvement on multinational enterprises as firstly providing which factors are to strengthen or weaken competitiveness, secondly investigating if hypotheses development and research design is correct and thirdly finding significant implications for research and practices across country specific advantage. Design/methodology - Using feedback data provided by 250 firms, we extracted variable factors and hypotheses, which were empirically carried out by reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis to prove which factors are to make the positive effect on the improvement of overseas subsidiaries' management performance and competitiveness. Findings - Through proceeding empirical analysis study, we found out that technology management capability, knowledge management capability, and local management capability had a statistically significant effect on the improvement of overseas subsidiaries' competitiveness, while linked activity capability revealed a negative effect. Originality/value - During business globalization, overseas investments and establishment of overseas subsidiaries have been essential. It is anticipated that this study results would be meaningful for analysis on multinational enterprises' competitiveness and helpful in promoting their entry into Korean market and enhancing their competitiveness. This paper would also help Korea government develops new FDI model and induce more investment from global major companies to Korea region.