• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2016

In the paper, as a sequence of the first tutorial, we discuss sufficient dimension reduction methodologies used to estimate central subspace (sliced inverse regression, sliced average variance estimation), central mean subspace (ordinary least square, principal Hessian direction, iterative Hessian transformation), and central $k^{th}$-moment subspace (covariance method). Large-sample tests to determine the structural dimensions of the three target subspaces are well derived in most of the methodologies; however, a permutation test (which does not require large-sample distributions) is introduced. The test can be applied to the methodologies discussed in the paper. Theoretical relationships among the sufficient dimension reduction methodologies are also investigated and real data analysis is presented for illustration purposes. A seeded dimension reduction approach is then introduced for the methodologies to apply to large p small n regressions.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-169
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• 1986

Fundamentals of electrodynamics of moving sources with constant velocity in an anisotripic plasma when the do magnetic field and the relative motion are oriented in arbitrary directions are presented. The well-known Minkowski's relations are generalized to accomodate anisotropic and dispersive media, and relativistic transformation formulae of constitutive parameters are derived and expanded into polynomials of the speed ratio \ulcornerto increase the utility of the formulae. The helmholtz wave equation of electromagnetic fields is generalized to the media charactrized by tensor parameters, and is solved in operator form. Also the solution of wave equation is expressed as a porcuct of the inverse of the wave operator matrix and the source function vector, and the inverse of the wave operator matrix is presented in an explicit form. The equations and formulae derived in this paper are all general, and can be reduced to known and proven results upon imposing the restriction called for by specific situations.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was kinematics analysis of the multi-joint robot manipulator for an automatic milking system. The multi-joint robot manipulator was consisted of one perpendicular link and four revolution links to attach simultaneously four teat cups to four teats of a milking cow. The local coordinates of each joints on the robot manipulator was given for kinematics analysis. The transformation of manipulator was able to be given by kinematics using Denavit-Hatenberg parameters. The value of inverse kinematics which was solved by two geometric solution methods. The kinematics solutions was verified by AutoCAD, MATLAB, simulation program was developed using Visual C++.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.801-809
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• 2019

큰 병변에 대한 기존 감마나이프 방사선수술은 종종 체적 또는 선량 분할 단계들로 수행된다. 체적 분할의 경우, 병변은 처방된 선량 하에서 하루 또는 이틀, 3 ~ 6개월로 분할된 다중 세션에서 조사되는 하위 체적들로 분할되곤 한다. 치료의 전체 과정 동안, 이전 단계의 치료 정보는 세션 사이의 좌표 변환을 통해 새로 장착된 정위 프레임 상의 후속 세션에 반영될 필요가 있다. 그러나 동일한 정위 공간을 제외하고 기존 감마나이프 시스템으로는 이전 선량 분포를 구현하는 것은 실제로 어렵다. 최신 감마나이프 플랫폼을 사용하여 다단계 치료를 수행할 수 있기 때문에 치료 영역이 확장되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 정위적 공간에 기초한 영상 정합과 새로운 감마나이프 플랫폼을 사용하여 각 단계에서 처방 선량 결정과 같은 다단계 감마나이프 방사선수술 전략을 소개하는 것이다. 일반적으로 영상 정합에서 수술적으로 내장된 기준점 또는 내부 해부학적 랜드마크들이 변환 관계를 결정하는데 사용된다. 저자는 내부 해부학적 랜드마크들을 사용하는 예로서 4개 또는 6개의 해부학적 랜드마크를 사용하는 다중 세션 간의 좌표 변환 정확도를 비교하였다. 측정된 좌표들과 계산된 좌표들 사이의 불일치를 최소화하기 위해서 PseudoInverse 또는 Singular Value Decomposition을 사용하여 두 정위 공간 사이의 변환 행렬이 결정되었다. 변환 정확도를 평가하기 위해 측정된 좌표와 변환된 좌표들 사이의 차이, 즉 ${\Delta}r$이 10개의 랜드마크들을 사용하여 계산되었다. 10개의 랜드마크들 중 4개 또는 6개의 점들을 사용하여 좌표 변환을 결정하고 나머지는 접근 방법을 평가하는데 사용되었다. 두 가지 접근 방법에서 각각의 ${\Delta}r$ 값은 0.6 ~ 2.4 mm, 0.17 ~ 0.57 mm 범위이었다. 게다가 병변 분할의 경우 한 번에 전체 병변의 치료와 동일한 효과를 제공하는 처방 선량을 결정하는 방법이 제안되었다. 동일한 정위 공간에서의 다단계 치료 전략은 전체 병변에 대한 치료를 먼저 디자인하는 것이며, 전체 치료 디자인 샷들은 각 단계 치료의 샷들로 나누어 각 단계별 샷들을 구성하고 각 단계에서 적절한 처방 선량을 결정한다. 결론적으로 저자는 다단계 치료 전략으로서 처방 선량 결정의 정확성을 확인하였고, 다중 세션 간의 좌표 변환을 결정하기 위해 적은 랜드마크들을 사용하는 것보다 가능한 많은 내부 랜드마크들을 사용하는 것이 더 나은 결과를 산출함을 보았다. 향후 제안된 다단계 치료 전략은 여러 감마나이프 센터들의 틀 없는 분할 치료에 크게 기여할 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2014

In this investigation, we explain the sub-sampling technique of white light scanning interferometry (WLSI) to improve the measurement speed. In addition to the previous work using Fourier domain analysis, several methods to extract the height from the correlogram of WLSI are described with the sub-sampling technique. Especially, Fourier-inverse Fourier transformation method adopting sub-sampling technique is proposed and the phase compensation technique is verified with simulation and experiments. The main advantage of sub-sampling is to speed up the measurements of WLSI but the precision such as repeatability is slightly poor. In case of measuring the sample which has high height step or difference, the proposed technique can be widely used to reduce the measurement time.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2017

The transient thermo-mechanical behavior of a simply-supported beam made of a functionally graded material (FGM) under the effect of a moving heat source is investigated. The FGM consists of a ceramic part (on the top), which is the hot side of the beam as the heat source motion takes place along this side, and a metal part (in the bottom), which is considered the cold side. Grading is in the transverse direction, with the properties being temperature-dependent. The main steps of the thermo-elastic modeling included deriving the partial differential equations for the temperatures and deflections in time and space, transforming them into ordinary differential equations using Laplace transformation, and finally using the inverse Laplace transformation to find the solutions. The effects of different parameters on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the beam are investigated, such as the convection coefficient and the heat source intensity and speed. The results show that temperatures, and hence the deflections and stresses increase with less heat convection from the beam surface, higher heat source intensity and low speeds.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권4호
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• pp.131-140
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose the method that extracts the speech feature using the hearing model through signal precessing techniques. The proposed method includes following procedure ; normalization of the short-time speech block by its maximum value, multi-resolution analysis using the discrete wavelet transformation and re-synthesize using thediscrete inverse wavelet transformation, differentiation after analysis and synthesis, full wave rectification and integration. In order to verify the performance of the proposed speech feature in the speech recognition task, korean digita recognition experiments were carried out using both the dTW and the VQ-HMM. The results showed that, in case of using dTW, the recognition rates were 99.79% and 90.33% for speaker-dependent and speaker-independent task respectively and, in case of using VQ-HMM, the rate were 96.5% and 81.5% respectively. And it indicates that the proposed speech feature has the potentials to use as a simple and efficient feature for recognition task.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.396-403
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• 1991

A solution is presented for the computation of the elastic-creep stresses in a hollow cylinder subjected to nonaxisymmetric temperature distribution. The creep problem is treated by the Maxwell creep model. Laplace transformation is used for reformation of the governing equation of elastic problem and Hooke's law in a function of .gamma. , .theta. , and creep constant. The governing equation is set up using the Airy stress function which leads to the biharmonic equation. The solution is obtained by using Fourer series method and Laplace inverse method used to obtain the stress components which include the variation of time. This solution shows excellent agreement with Lamkin's and Boley & Weiner's solution. The viscoelastic stresses are also obtained for the fuel rob tube subjecting nonaxisymmetric thermal load.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2016

This paper presents a method that can improve the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor current control by minimizing the measured current phase delay caused by the Low Pass Filter(LPF) used to cut off the noises that flowed in when feedback currents are measured. Although existing methods that change the Cutoff Frequency of the LPF can minimize phase delays during high speed rotations, their noise cutoff effects are much lower and this may lead to the decline of control performance. Therefore, in this study, an algorithm that can compensate current phase delays through relatively simple calculations from the synchronous motor d-q axis coordinate transformation matrix and the inverse transformation matrix is proposed and the validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the waveform of the calculated current with the waveform of actual currents through simulations and experiments.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2008

In inverse acoustic problem with nearfield sources, it is important to separate multiple acoustic sources and to measure the position of each target. This paper proposes a new algorithm by applying MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification) to the outputs of discrete wavelet transformation with sub-band selection based on the entropy threshold, Some numerical experiments show that the proposed method can estimate the more precise positions than a conventional MUSIC algorithm under moderately correlated signal and relatively low signal-to-noise ratio case.