• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is, to examine current foodservice management practices at free meal service organization for elderly people and, to evaluate the attitude of recipients about the service and their ecological background. 6 meal service center as well as randomly selected 120 recipients at Sungnam area were surveyed and interviewed and result were summarized as follow. The cost of each meal (lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and number of attendant at meal service were ranged from 50 to 200 persons. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to noon because greater portion of people (elderly) didn't take breakfast frequently. Most of the center adapted self-service system. Standard recipe was not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experiences of volunteer’s. Recording system of, nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not well adapted by most of the center. In order to measure the level of storage, sanitation etc., scorin system in survey was adapted in this study and result are as follow: The score of sanitation of kitchen was lower than dinning area and that of food storage was lowest score. It was suggested that not only financial but also systematical support on management by local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at the center. The score given by the recipient on the satisfaction of meal service was rate as 4.8 at the 5-point maximum scale. Meeting friends and share social relationship was major reason (41.6% of the total) of visiting to the center. It is suggested that in order to meet the changes of the patterns of change of social and family structure, the service of the center should be extended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2014

The RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) system is a technology to discern things by radio and an epoch-making new method to improve product management such as distribution, transport, mobilization, inventory control. However, RFID, which uses radio, is at risk for information leakage and falsification due to the vulnerability of security of the communication section. We designed the new authentication protocol by applying the tent map, which is the representative complex systems, to the RFID communication system. A more solid and simple authentication system was designed by applying the initial value sensitivity and irregularity, which are the representative characteristics of the complex system, to the reader and tag of RFID. The purpose of this paper is to verify the usability of the RFID authentication protocol design that uses the nonlinear system shown in this thesis by the new system differentiated from the authentication system that depends on the existing hash function or random numbers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.517-533
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• 2018

We utilize the CAMx (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with eXtensions) system and the PSAT (Particulate Source Apportionment Technology) diagnostic tool to determine the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and to perform its source apportionment in the southeastern region of South Korea. For a year-long simulation, eight local authorities in the region such as Pohang, Daegu, Gyeongju, Ulsan, Busan-Gimhae, Gosung-Changwon, Hadong, and all remaining areas in Gyeongsangnam-do, are selected as source areas based on the emission rates of $NO_x$, $SO_x$, VOC, and primary PM in CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) 2013 emissions inventory. The CAMx-PSAT simulation shows that Pohang has the highest $PM_{2.5}$ self-contribution rate (25%), followed by Hadong (15%) and Busan-Gimhae (14%). With the exception of Pohang, which has intense fugitive dust emissions, other authorities are strongly affected by emissions from their neighboring areas. This may be measured as much as 1 to 2 times higher than that of the self-contribution rate. Based on these estimations, we conclude that the efficiency of emission reduction measures to mitigate $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in the southeastern region of South Korea can be maximized when the efforts of local or regional emission controls are combined with those from neighboring regions. A comprehensive control policy planning based on the collaboration between neighboring jurisdictional boundaries is required.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.556-565
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• 2002

Due to the fact that nurses may deal with diverse populations in the work place, it is very important for then to maintain appropriate interpersonal relationships with clients. Nurses should maintain diverse types of relationships appropriately with patients with special needs and their families during crisis, other nursing colleagues and staff on the same team, clients in the school or work place as well as the community. In particular, a hospital is a society with a system and hierarchy, and the importance of interpersonal relationships is much more emphasized. In interpersonal relationships, it is very important for a person to communicate with others in an accurate manner, and when the communication is not achieved appropriately, the person may have troubles and experience distress and conflicts because of the inaccurate communication of thoughts. According to the findings of previous studies, nurses actually experience much distress in the work place because of the miscommunication that they have with others. The purpose of this study was to observe a correlation between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and assertiveness behavior, and to exam the effects of assertiveness training on the assertiveness behavior and conflict management mode. The subjects of this study included 20 persons in the experimental group and 20 persons the in control group. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was applied before the study. The assertiveness training group received six, 120 minutes sessions over a 3 week period. Pre-test on assertiveness behavior, Communication Conflict Inventory-General, Role Conflict Inventory- General, Conflict Management Mode was achieved for all the subjects prior to the training. Post-test was administered to all the subjects one week following the last session. The data were analyzed using SPSS PC program to obtain findings on mean. standard distribution, t-test, and Pearson correlation. The results are as follows: (1) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Introvert/Extrovert was correlated to assertive behavior and avoid- response type conflict management mode. (2) The assertiveness training was correlated to assertiveness behavior, communication conflict degree, and avoid- response type conflict management mode. (3) The post-test scores between the training group and the control group were significantly different in assertiveness behavior and avoid-response type conflict management mode. It is suggested that more studies need to be done to differentiate the effects of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and assertiveness training on assertiveness behavior and avoid-response type conflict management mode.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.620-626
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• 2004

For general nonlinear processes, it is difficult to control with a linear model-based control method and nonlinear controls are considered. Among the numerous approaches suggested, the most rigorous approach is to use dynamic optimization. Many general engineering problems like control, scheduling, planning etc. are expressed by functional optimization problem and most of them can be changed into dynamic programming (DP) problems. However the DP problems are used in just few cases because as the size of the problem grows, the dynamic programming approach is suffered from the burden of calculation which is called as 'curse of dimensionality'. In order to avoid this problem, the Neuro-Dynamic Programming (NDP) approach is proposed by Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis (1996). To get the solution of seriously nonlinear process control, the interest in NDP approach is enlarged and NDP algorithm is applied to diverse areas such as retailing, finance, inventory management, communication networks, etc. and it has been extended to chemical engineering parts. In the NDP approach, we select the optimal control input policy to minimize the value of cost which is calculated by the sum of current stage cost and future stages cost starting from the next state. The cost value is related with a weight square sum of error and input movement. During the calculation of optimal input policy, if the approximate cost function by using simulation data is utilized with Bellman iteration, the burden of calculation can be relieved and the curse of dimensionality problem of DP can be overcome. It is very important issue how to construct the cost-to-go function which has a good approximate performance. The neural network is one of the eager learning methods and it works as a global approximator to cost-to-go function. In this algorithm, the training of neural network is important and difficult part, and it gives significant effect on the performance of control. To avoid the difficulty in neural network training, the lazy learning method like k-nearest neighbor method can be exploited. The training is unnecessary for this method but requires more computation time and greater data storage. The pH neutralization process has long been taken as a representative benchmark problem of nonlin ar chemical process control due to its nonlinearity and time-varying nature. In this study, the NDP algorithm was applied to pH neutralization process. At first, the pH neutralization process control to use NDP algorithm was performed through simulations with various approximators. The global and local approximators are used for NDP calculation. After that, the verification of NDP in real system was made by pH neutralization experiment. The control results by NDP algorithm was compared with those by the PI controller which is traditionally used, in both simulations and experiments. From the comparison of results, the control by NDP algorithm showed faster and better control performance than PI controller. In addition to that, the control by NDP algorithm showed the good results when it applied to the cases with disturbances and multiple set point changes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.730-737
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• 1999

A national animal health monitoring system(NAHMS) in Gyeongnam area was started from 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to : (1) discribe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam ; (2) present selected disease frequencies ; (3) discuss the epidemiological consideration of what was done and implications for the results obtained. Veterinary Medical Officers(VMOs-professors and graduate students from Gyeongsang National University, Faculty of Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute, and Clinic veterinarians) served as data collectors. After training on current disease and management problems of dairy cattle, interview techniques, sampling methods, and data collection instruments, the VMOs participated in selection of the sample herds and data gathering. Forty of 167 dairy herds were selected randomly and the VMOs visited farms once a month for 12 months to collect data about management, disease, inventory, production, preventive treatment, financial and any other relevant data. Strict data quality control devices were used. Specific feed-back was developed for the producers and data collectors. Of the three age groups studied, cows had the greatest number of disease problems. The six disorders found most frequently were (from the highest to the lowest) breeding problems, clinical mastitis, birth problems, gastrointestinal problems. metabolic problems, and lameness. In young stock, respiratory, multiple system, breeding problems, and gastrointestinal problems were pre dominant, whereas in calves, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and integumental problems were major.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.266-285
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify influencing factors for successful introduction, implementation and management of HMRPS through assessment of the employees attitude toward HMRPS in technical, administrative, and organization behavioral areas. Data were collected from 157 HMRPS employee members' self-reporting questionnaire in three university hospitals in the city of Seoul and Kyonggi Province from November 5 to November 10, 1997. Relevant literature on industry company MPR system theory was reviewed to develop the theoretical framework. The results were as follows: The employee's recognition of tangible benefit were more significantly influenced success than intangible benefit for successful operation relating the HMRPS. Concerning the employee's recognition of the successful HMRPS and the factor of influenced success was significantly positive correlation between tangible and intangible benefits and success factor in technical, administrative, and organizational behavior area. This study showed that major factor affecting the employee's recognition of tangible and intangible benefit for successful HMRPS. For tangible benefits; Success factors in the technical areas were quality of the data and information, efficiency of inventory management and rescheduling of operation plan. Success factors in the administrative areas were: role of top management. Success factors in the organization behavioral areas were; simplicity of the HMRPS, human resistance to change. For intangible benefits; Success factors in the organization behavioral areas were; user involvement, simplicity of HMRPS, human resistance to change. Futhermore as the exact evaluation of successful factors of HMRPS implement is needed, research for the development of systemic variables of physical distribution system control, methods, capacity of system, duration and other environment in many of 30 hospitals or more, and for the empirical study for HMRPS.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

This research considers a system containing a manufacturing firm who generates waste material during manufacturing process, and a disposal firm who collects and disposes the waste material. Identification of the optimal number of pick ups and the amount of waste to be disposed at certain period of time in terms of cost minimization is studied. Two types of waste accumulation rates, constant and linearly increasing, are discussed and mathematical models are developed. It can be shown that the results for these two different types of waste accumulation differ in a wide range because of the difference in the way of how waste is accumulated, which disturbs the storage cost. An integrated model is also developed and discussed in which both the manufacturing firm and the disposal firm benefit from the coordination between the two parties. It is shown that the optimal policy adopted by the integrated approach can provide a strong and consistent cost-minimizing effect for both the manufacturing firm and the disposal firm over the existing approach. Finally, all the models are verified by a numerical example and the results are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.17-39
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• 2005

The coordination of a three-level supply chain consisting of a supplier, a retailer, and a discount outlet (DCO) is studied here. We assume that the product is sold in two consecutive periods a Normal Sales Period (NSP) and a subsequent Clearance Salvage Period (CSP). A benchmark case is studied Initially in which the supply chain is coordinated by a s1n91e agent. Thus, the supplier the retailer, and the discount outlet design a common system that allows centralized decision making about stocking quantities, markdown time schedules, and policies on disposing of leftovers to deliver the greatest possible expected supply chain profit. Next, we consider a decentralized supply chain. Here, decisions are made without coordination. The objective is to maximize an individual party's expected profits. The focus of the study is on the following questions: what factors make the coordination an effective approach for the supply chain? How do we coordinate the supply chain so as to maximize the supply chain Joint expected profit? These and other related study issues are explored in this paper.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.884-891
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• 2008

As the scale of RFID systems grows, decrease in recognition rate of collision between readers is becoming an issue. Time division technique may solve the problem, but this will cause total recognition time to increase. This issue must be solved for real-time inventory control. In this study, total recognition time was improved by placing ARCM in RFID systems. ARCM maintains short recognition time through efficient utilization of frequency channel and manages RFID systems to recognize the tag by avoiding interference. As the result of using ARCM, saving maximum 20% of time was possible.