• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.87-87
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• 1995

The muscarinic effects of carbachol were compared on the isolated ileums of guinea-pig, rat and rabbit to elucidate the underlying mechanism of species differences in sensitivity for carbachol. The ED$\_$50/ value estimated on the guinea-pig ileum was 4 to 6-fold lower than those obtained on the rat and rabbit ileums, but the K$\_$A/ values of carbachol determined by functional assays were almost identical with 12-l7 ${\mu}$M in all of three ileums. The competition data of carbachol for [$^3$H]QNB binding were best described by a two-site model yielding the Ki values of 0.4-0.6${\mu}$M and 12-16${\mu}$M for high(K$\_$H/) and low(K$\_$L/) affinity sites, respectively. The low affinity dissociation constants(K$\_$L/) of carbachol determined from receptor binding studies thus were not significantly different from the K$\_$A/ values estimated from functional studies. The percentage of receptor occupation that carbachol requires for half-maximal response was approximately 3 to 5-fold lower in guinea-pig compared to rat and rabbit whereas the density of muscarinic binding sites per gram of ileum measured by [$^3$H]QNB saturation isotherms was two-fold higher in guinea-pig than that in rat and rabbit. Therefore, the numbers of muscarinic receptors occupied at ED$\_$50/ values of carbachol were about two-fold lower in guinea-pig, suggesting two-fold greater intrinsic efficacy. These results indicate that the guinea-pig ileum has higher muscarinic receptor density and greater intrinsic efficacy for carbachol than the rat and rabbit ileums.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 1996

The binding interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and the edible food dyes amaranth, tartrazine and sunset yellow have been studied. Intrinsic association constants and the free energy changes associated with dye-protein binding at physiological pH for amaranth and tartrazine, and at two different pH values for sunset yellow have been calculated from ultrafiltration data. The temperature dependence $(20-40^{\circ}C)$ of the intrinsic association constants at pH 7.4 for amaranth-HSA and tartrazine-HSA mixtures have been measured, from which a plot of the van't Hoff isochore exhibits a marked change in slope around $30^{\circ}C$ indicating a possible change in protein conformation. The number of dye binding sites on HSA is reported for all the above conditions. HSA-ligand binding enthalpies have been used in conjunction with the N-B transitional binding enthalpy for HSA, to calculate the enthalpy for the N-B transition when ligands are bound with the protein.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1505_1506
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• 2009

In this paper, micro cantilevers which are made of two different materials - fused quartz and single crystalline silicon - and have similar dimensions were fabricated and their mechanical Q-factors were evaluated to compare intrinsic damping properties of those two materials. Resonant frequencies and Q-factors were measured for the cantilevers having fixed widths and thicknesses, and different lengths. The measured Q-values are in a range of 64,000 - 108,000 for fused quartz cantilevers, and 31,000 - 35,000 for silicon cantilevers, respectively. Experimental results support high Q-factors of fused quartz compared to single crystalline silicon due to its good intrinsic damping properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.551-566
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• 1997

Phosphorus has been known as an essential component of animal body. However, the requirement has not been determined precisely because of the variable bioavailabilities of feedstuffs from plant origin. The bioavailability of P in various feedstuffs of plant origin varies from 10 to 60%. Digestibility and availability of the P differed considerably depending on the feed. The lowest values were found for maize (under 20%), the highest for wheat and triticale (over 50%). This is due to the proportion of phytate and the presence of intrinsic phytase. And the digestive tract of monogastric animals does not contain sufficient amounts of phytase, an enzyme that hydrolyses the unavailable phytate complexes to available, inorganic orthophosphates. Microbial phytase supplementation improves the P availability, and both intrinsic plant and microbial phytase improves the availability of P in feedstuffs of plant origin. In a mixture of feeds with low and high activity of intrinsic phytase and/or supplemented by commercial phytase, the P availability is additive. However, in the light of current results it seems that exceeding the P availability equal to 60-70% is unrealizable even at large microbial phytase doses.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 1982

Four heat conduction models were examined for defatted soy-protein curds in order to get the 'intrinsic' thermal conductivity of soy-protein. As the result of examination, the 'intrinsic', thermal conductivities of soy-protein, frozen and unfrozen states, were determined on the basis of series model to be 0.488 W/m.K and 0.300 W/m.K, respectively. By using the 'intrinsic' thermal conductivity values of soybean protein and the series model, the effective thermal conductivity of soybean curds, with and without fat, at frozen and unfrozen states, was predicted satisfactorily, The temperature dependency of the effective thermal conductivity of soybean curd was mostly observed to correlate with the thermal conductivity of water and ice.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-96
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• 1998

To find causal factors and improvement plans of organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers, a hypothetical causal model, which included 2 endogenous variables(organizational commitment & organizational satisfaction) and 15 exogenous variables, was constructed. Exogenous variables consisted of individual factors (sex, age, education, job-grade, and annual salary), psychological variables(pride for organization, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and support of supervisor) ad structural variables(formalization, centralization, communication, job-conflict, job-decision, and workload). In the hypothetical causal model, organizational commitment was supposed to be effect variable, and organizational satisfaction was presumed to be intervening variable to mediate between organizational commitment and exogenous variables. For data collection, cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 1,295 public servants from 32 urban health centers nationwide. The survey responses were from 934, 72.1% of subjects. But 756 responses(58.4%) were analyzed because of excluding ones with missing values. The hypothetical causal model was fitted by covariance structural analysis with maximum likelihood method. Main results were as follows: (1) The fitted causal model accounted for 33 and 55 percent of total variance of organizational commitment and organizational satisfaction of public servants, respectively. (2) In order of effect size, pride for organization, supervisor support, communication, extrinsic motivation and centralization had an indirect effect effect on organizational commitment through organizational satisfaction. However, the effect of centralization was negative. (3) Pride for organiztion, intrinsic motivation, organizational satisfaction, job-conflict, supervisor support, communication, age, centralization, annual salar and extrinsic motivation had indirect or direct effects on organizational commitment in order of effect size. Among them, effects of job-conflict and centraldization were negative. In conclusion, these results suggested that organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers could be enhanced by pride for organization, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, prevention of job-conflict and excess centralization, supervisor support and active communication. Especially, pride for organization and intrinsic motivation were expected to play the most important role.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.276-293
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• 1999

An environmentally hot issue has arisen from the plan of Young-Wall Dam Construction at Tong river in Korea lately. The point at issue is which value is bigger between the water conservation for human use in future and the ecosystem protection for the intrinsic value of nature including animals and plants there. The purpose of this study is in the qualitative understanding of college students' critical thinking ability and opinion and the environmental values of them through the analysis of their writings. Various environmental values written in the 7th revised national curriculum of Korea are used as a criteria to investigate students' environmental values in their written opinions. Various environmental values are shown up to be handled such as the anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, pro-technology etc. Students of Dept. of Environment Teaching in the Kongju National University are the subject of this study. It shows that they have a deep understanding of the Young-Wall Dam issue and assert their opinions objectively and critically. Most of them(89.5%, n=17) are against the constructional plan of the Young-Wall Dam. Students who are for the plan are proved to have pro-technology value only and the others who are against to have various values including deer ecology.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.754-761
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was investigated the effects of culinary and foodservice major selection motive and work value on the major satisfaction, career search efficacy and career exploration behavior of college students. Methods: Survey comprising total 53 questions including 8 for major selection motive, 8 for work value, 6 for major satisfaction, 20 for career search efficacy, 5 for career exploration was distributed to 400 college students majoring in culinary or foodservice. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were conducted using SPSS Statistics (ver. 21.0). Organization of concept and analyses of the relationship between variables based on the advanced study and database is essential. Research model based on the theory and analysis of the extracted data was established; and subsequently, the proof relations between the variables were analysed. Results: The study results indicated that, only intrinsic work values among personal motivation and work values were significant. This is because personal motivation and intrinsic work values are related to subjects' aptitudes, interests, talents, and future professions when students choose their majors. Therefore, interest, abilities, achievement, high understanding, and satisfactory schooling are important factors. Conclusion: This study has newly expanded the research on career search behavior to include psychological factors and cognitive and attitudinal factors. We also determined competitive operations that enhance students' major satisfaction, career search efficiency, and career search behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.299-304
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• 1996

This paper studies the rational approximation of multiple input delay systems using the Hankel singular values and vectors, which are the soultion of a transcendental equation. Rational approximatants are obtained from output normal realizations which are constructed by the Hankel singular values and vectors. Consequently, it is shown that rational approximants by output normal realization preserve intrinsic properties of time delay systems than Pade approximants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 1984

The association constants (K) of 3,5,N-trimethyl pyridinium iodide in 95 volume percent ethanol-water mixed solvent were determined by a modified UV and conductance method at $25^{\circ},\;30{\circ},\;40{\circ}\;and\;50{\circ}C$ over the pressure range 1 to 2000 bars. The association process is enhanced with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. From K values, we obtained the total partial molar volume change (${\Delta}V$) and some thermodynamic parameters. The electrostriction volume (${\Delta}V_{el}$) and intrinsic volume (${\Delta}V_{in}$) were also evaluated. The values of ${\Delta}V,\;{\Delta}V_{el},\;{\Delta}V_{in}$ are negative, negative and positive, respectively, and the absolute values of all these three decrease with increasing pressure and temperature. The ion-pair size (a) were varied 3 to 6 ${\AA}$, with pressure and temperature. The solvation number (n) decreased from 2 to 0.5 with increasing temperature.