• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in the high altitude hypoxia-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Control), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia + vitamin E (250 mg/kg $BW^*d$) (HV) groups. After the third day, the HH and HV groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 days. The rats in the HV group were given vitamin E by gavage daily for 8 days. The other rats were given equal volume saline. The results showed that high altitude hypoxia caused the enlargement of heart, liver, lung and kidney, and intestinal villi damage. Supplementation with vitamin E significantly alleviated hypoxia-caused damage to the main organs including intestine, increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05), diamino oxidase (DAO) (p< 0.01) levels, and decreased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p< 0.01), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p<0.001), interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001), and decreased the serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the S-IgA (p<0.001) in ileum and significantly improved the expression levels of occludin and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, and decreased the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha ($HIF-1{\alpha}$ and $HIF-2{\alpha}$), Toll-like receptors (TLR4), P-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65(NF-${\kappa}B$ P65) in ileum compared to the HH group. This study suggested that vitamin E protectis from intestinal injury caused by high altitude hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the HIF and TLR4/NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2002

Objectives : Banhasasim-tang has been clinically used to treat upper gastric intestinal discomfort. The object of this study is to examine the defense effect of Banhasasim-tang for acute duodenal injury of the mouse. Methods and Materials : Twenty-one rats were divided into 3 groups and treated as follows: the control group was untreated mice. The ADE group was acute duodenal-damage-elicited mice. The BST group was Banhasasim-tang treated mice before acute duodenal damage elicitation. The groups were examined with common morphology, paneth cells in intestinal crypt, absorptive cells and goblet cells in epithelium, cell division in mucose, COX-l as mucosal protector, COX-2 (which appears to play an important role in inflammation), IL-2R-inducing cellular immuno-chainreaction, and the distribution of apoptotic cells. Results : 1. Common morphology: the ADE group was observed with duodenal injury - loss of villi, infiltration of cells concerned to inflammation (lymphocytes, granular leukocytes) to submucosal layer - by hemorrhagic erosions, while the BST group was seen the same as normal in proportion to increasing treatment time before injury. 2. Histochemical change: the ADE group was observed with noticeable decreased distribution of absorptive cells with microvilli, acid mucin secreted goblet cell, neutral mucin secreted goblet cell, paneth cells compared to the normal group. The BST group was seen to have distribution of epithelium cells resembling normal in proportion to increasing treatment time before injury. 3. Imnunohistochemical change: the ADE group showed a change of factors leading to duodenal injury as reduce of cytokinesis, COX-1, increase of COX-2, IL-2R-. In contrast, the BST group tended to reduction of cytokinesis, COX-1, increase of COX-2, IL-2R- in proportion to increasing taking time before injury. 4. Apoptosis change: the ADE group showed increasing apoptosis cells, in contrast to the BST group which was the same as normal in proportion to increasing treatment time before injury. Conclusions : According to the above results, by increasing the defense system of mucosal epithelium, Banhasasim-tang is thought to effectively protect tissue against ulcers resulting from acute duodenal injury.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 1989

Five hundred and forty-eight samples of pig heart muscle were collected from the abattoirs of many regions in Korea to reveal the frequency of Sarcocystis infections and to identify the species from June 1988 to April 1989. Heart muscle of the pigs was inspected for sarcocysts by the direct detection technique and for bradyzoites by the trypsin digestion technique. For examination of development of the parasites in the final host, 5 cross bred mature dogs, 5 puppies and 5 kittens were fed 100g, 50g and 50g of the infected meat respectively, four times in 2 days. Of 402 fattened and 146 older culled breeding pigs, 3 fattened pigs and 39 culled pigs were positive for Sarcocystis. Sarcocystis cysts from heart muscle measured an average of $425{\times}169{\mu}m$ and bradyzoites an average of $15.6{\times}3.5{\mu}m$. Of 15 animals, only 2 puppies were infected with Sarcocystis. The prepatent period was 11 to 12 days and patent period was not examined since the puppies were infected with some another infections and one died on day 11 and another died on day 12 after ingestion of the meat. The sporulated oocysts were detected 11 days after ingestion of the meat and sporocysts 12 days from the puppy feces. The sporulated oocysts measured an average of $16.5{\times}11.5{\mu}m$ and sporocysts an average of $12.6{\times}7.9{\mu}m$. On scraping examination of the intestinal mucosa, fully sporulated oocysts were detected in the tip of the intestinal villi. Considering above all descriptions, Sarcocystis in pig heart muscle in Korea was identified with Sarcocystis suicanis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.454-458
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• 2015

This study compared the effects of dietary supplementation of citrus by-product (CBP) and CBP fermented with Bacillus subtilis (F-CBP) on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal histology and innate immunity of red seabream Pagrus major with three commercial immune-boosting products. The six experimental diets were supplemented with L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (LAPP; the control diet), CBP or F-CBP at a concentration of 100 mg vitamin C equivalent/kg diet or one of three commercial immune boosters. The Experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of 17 fish (initial body weight, 116 g) for 8 weeks. The water temperature during the feeding trial was maintained at $13-15^{\circ}C$. Growth and feed utilization did not differ significantly among the six dietary treatments, nor did the phagocytic activity, superoxide dismutase or total immunoglobulin concentrations. However, myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in the CBP groups. For the intestinal histology, the intestine diameter, villi and enterocyte heights and number of goblet cells did not differ significantly among groups. Therefore, CBP or F-CBP can be used as a valuable eco-friendly byproduct in diets for fishes including red seabream to maintain their normal growth and health.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.22.1-22.8
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• 2020

Background: High demand and low supply of fishmeal due to overexploitation of fisheries resources have resulted in a dramatic increase in the price of this ingredient. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) commercial feed contains approximately 60% fishmeal and limited success has been achieved in identifying sustainable alternative protein sources for this species. Methods: An on-farm feeding trial was conducted to compare a basal diet containing 65% as the control (CONT) with two experimental diets replacing 10% of fishmeal by animal protein (AP₁₀) or 20% of fishmeal by animal and plant protein (APP₂₀). Sub-adult olive flounder averaging 327 ± 9.3 g (mean±SD) were fed one of the three diets in triplicate groups for 16 weeks. Results: Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival were not significantly different among fish fed all the experimental diets (P > 0.05). Also, non-specific immune responses (superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity), serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal villi length were not significantly different among fish fed all the experimental diets (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, based on growth performance, non-specific immune responses, serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal histology, dietary animal and plant protein mixtures could replace up to 20% of fishmeal in the diet of sub-adult olive flounder.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.105-106
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• 2003

육계 초생추 480수를 공시하여 Lactobacillus reuteri가 $10^{6}$, $10^4$ 및 $10^2$/ml로 조정된 첨가구와 생산성, 장내 미생물 변화 및 영양소 소화율을 무첨가와 비교하였다. 증체량은 첨가구가 가장 증가하였으며, 장내 미생물은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 조단백질과 조지방 소화율은 유산균 첨가구가 개선되었으며 $10^2$cfu 첨가구는 무첨가와 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 유산균은 생산성과 영양소 소화율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며 적정수준은 $10^4$cfu/ml water로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

본 연구는 브로일러 사료에 일라이트와 은을 이온 결합시킨 $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$의 첨가가 육계의 육성 성적, 장기 변화 및 장내 미생물 성상에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 처리구는 negative control과 항생제 첨가구에 속하는 positive control, 사료에 0.5(S 0.5%) 및 1.5%(S 1.5%)를 첨가구인 4처리구 5반복으로 반복당 10수씩 총 200수로 시험하였다. 증체량은 항생제 첨가구, S 0.5%구 및 S 1.5%구가 대조구에 비하여 높았으며, 사료 효율은 $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ 첨가 수준이 높을수록 우수하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 소장 길이는 +C구가 -C나 $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ 처리구(S 0.5% 구와 S 1.5% 구)에 비하여 높았으나(p<0.05), 소장 무게는 $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ 첨가 수준이 높을수록 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 근위 중량은 $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ 첨가구가 -C구와+C구에 비하여 낮았으며(p<0.05), 맹장 무게는 $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ 처리구가 높은 경향을 나타냈다. Villi의 길이는 S 1.5%구가 3주와 6주 후에도 -C구 및 +C구에 비하여 길었다. TBC와 CBC는 주령 및 사료 첨가제의 첨가 형태에 따른 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 LAB는 negative 대조구인 -C 구에 비하여 +C 구 및 S 0.5% 및 S 1.5% 처리구에서 높은 경향을 나타냈다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.166-176
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• 2020

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) and N-carbamoylglutamic acid (NCG) on the growth, metabolism, immunity and community of cecal bacterial flora of weanling and young rabbits. Methods: Eighteen normal-grade male weanling Japanese White rabbits (JWR) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with or without L-Arg and NCG supplementation. The whole feeding process was divided into weanling stage (day 37 to 65) and young stage (day 66 to 85). The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the growth, metabolism, immunity and development of the ileum and jejunum were compared via nutrient metabolism experiments and histological assessment. The different communities of cecal bacterial flora affected by L-Arg and NCG were assessed using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. Results: The addition of L-Arg and NCG enhanced the growth of weanling and young rabbit by increasing the nitrogen metabolism, protein efficiency ratio, and biological value, as well as feed intake and daily weight gain. Both L-Arg and NCG increased the concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG. NCG was superior to L-Arg in promoting intestinal villus development by increasing villus height, villus height/crypt depth index, and reducing the crypt depth. The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the cecal bacterial flora were mainly concentrated in different genera, including Parabacteroides, Roseburia, dgA-11_gut_group, Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. These bacteria function mainly in amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, lipid transport and metabolism, recombination and repair, cell cycle control, cell division, and cell motility. Conclusion: L-Arg and NCG can promote the growth and immunity of weanling and young JWR, as well as effecting the jejunum and ileum villi. L-Arg and NCG have different effects in the promotion of nutrient utilization, relieving inflammation and enhancing adaptability through regulating microbial community.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2005

In this study, 90 crossbred weaned pigs（Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White）weighing - 7.86${\pm}$0.06 kg each were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments. Control pigs were a fed corn-soybean meal diet with no additives. The two treatment groups were fed the basal diet supplemented either with 75 mg/kg Aureomycin or 0.4% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in order to study the effects on performance, serological indices, and enteric morphology in addition to examining the content of volatile fatty acids in intestinal digesta. The results indicate that the diets containing FOS and antibiotics had a significant effect on feed conversion ratios (FCR) and diarrhea incidence, as well as increasing the concentrations of isobutyric and butyric acid and total VFAs in the caecum, and acetic acid, isovaleric acid, and total VFAs in feces. Supplementation with FOS also resulted in significantly longer mucosal villi height and a higher percentage of goblet cells compared with the control. No difference was found in crypt depth among the three treatments. While serum glucose levels were significantly higher following FOS supplement, differences in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and urea nitrogen levels were not significant.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

목 적: 본 연구에서는 방사선에 의한 장점막 손상에 대한 5-androstendiol (5-AED)의 장점막 보호효과 여부를 마우스 위장관 조직에서 평가하여 방사선 보호제로서의 적용가능성을 모색하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 30마리의 C3H/HeN 마우스를 대조군, 방사선 조사군, 방사선 조사 전 5-AED 처리군으로 나누어, 5 Gy와 10 Gy 전신방사선 조사하였다. 5-AED는 방사선 조사 24시간 전에 체중 당 50 mg/kg으로 피하 주사하였다. 10 Gy 전신 방사선 조사 후 3.5일에 마우스를 희생하여 공장조직을 채취하여 소장움 생존, 융모의 개수, 융모의 높이, 소장움의 크기, 10개 장상피세포 당 기저층의 길이를 측정하여 장점막 손상정도를 비교 평가하였다. 또한 apoptosis의 발생빈도수는 5 Gy 방사선 조사 후 12시간에 TUNEL 방법으로 검수하였다. 결 과: 10 Gy 방사선조사 전 5-AED 투여군에서, 방사선 조사군과 비교하여, 소장움의 소실이 상대적으로 적고 융모의 높이가 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 5-AED 전처치군에서 소장움의 크기가 방사선 조사군에 비교하여 증가하였고, 10개의 장 상피세포 당 기저층 길이는 5-AED 전처치군에서 감소함을 관찰하여 소장조직의 방사선 손상에 대해 5-AED의 보호효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 방사선 조사 시 증가한 apoptosis에 대해서는 5-AED의 투여가 유의성 있는 감소 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 결 론: 5-AED 투여는 방사선에 의한 소장점막의 형태학적인 손상변화에 대해 보호효과가 있으며, 이러한 결과는 방사선 조사 전 5-AED 투여가 방사선에 의한 장점막 손상에 대한 보호약물로 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다.