• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2006

The present study was done to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental freezer dry powder fermentation soybean by Bacillus subtilis (natto) on the growth performance and intestinal microflora, prevention of fowl typhoid infection, the uptake of vegetative diet in broiler chickens. The chickens were fed control diet (supplement antibiotics) and fermentation soybean (0.75, 1.5, 3%) diets. A total of 280 one day old broiler chickens with randomly mixed sexes were fed the four diets for 6 weeks. Body weight gain of chicken fed 1.5% fermentation soybean by B subtilis tend to increase higher than the control from 6th week. Chickens fed diets containing 1.5% fermentation soybean by B subtilis had higher intake than those fed the other levels to the 3th weeks, but lower than control from the 4th week to the 6th week. Feed conversion also improved significantly in the supplemental 1.5% fermentation soybean by B subtilis from the 4th week to the 6th week. The number of B subtilis and Lactobacillus spp in the ileum and cecum tend to increase in the supplemental fermentation soybean by B subtilis at 6 week of age, but was not significantly different. In the nutrient digestibility, the feed conversion on the supplemental 1.5% fermentation soybean by B subtilis was better than the control and the weight of drying feces lower than the control. In test of S. gallinarum intramuscular inoculation, reisolation rate of S gallinarum in liver and feces 1.5% the fermentation soybean by B subtilis 75% (liver), 17% (feces) had decreased than the control.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

We evaluated the effects of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides, Mos) and probiotic diet supplements on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity, and intestinal changes in the microbial flora of red seabream Pagrus major. A basal diet (Con) was formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of red seabream. The dietary starch in Con was replaced with 0.6% Mos, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and probiotic mixture (labeled as Mos, Pro-LP, Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix, respectively). We stocked 450 fish in 18 polypropylene tanks (400 L) in triplicate groups per dietary treatment. The fish were fed one of the diets twice (08:30, 18:30 h) a day for 63 days. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in all the supplemented groups than that of the Con group. The immunoglobulin level of Pro-Mix, anti-protease activity of Pro-BL, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups were significantly higher than those of the Con group. The ratio of total Vibrio/heterotrophic marine bacteria counts was significantly lower in Pro-LP, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups than that of the Con group. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Mos and probiotics to improves immune response and antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibits Vibrio bacteria in the intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a diet containing solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A mixed liquid culture, containing approximately 5 log cfu/ml Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Bacillus subtilis was prepared in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. A basal substrate (BS) containing 75% rapeseed, 24% wheat bran and 1% brown sugar was mixed with the liquid culture in a ratio of 10:3. Over the 30-day fermentation, isothiocyanates were reduced from 119.6 to 14.7 mmol/kg. A total of 168, day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a corn-soybean meal based control diet as well as two experimental diets in which the control diet was supplemented with 10% of the BS containing unfermented rapeseed meal or 10% of the BS containing rapeseed meal subjected to solid state fermentation. There were 8 pens per treatment and 7 birds per pen. From days 19-21 and days 40-42, uncontaminated excreta were collected from each pen for digestibility determinations. In addition, digesta from the colon and ceca were collected to determine the number of lactobacilli, enterobacteria and total aerobes. The middle sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for intestinal morphology. Over the entire experimental period (d 1-42), the weight gain and feed conversion of birds fed fermented rapeseed meal were superior (p<0.05) to that of birds fed nonfermented rapeseed meal and did not differ from the soybean control. On day 42, birds fed fermented rapeseed meal had higher (p<0.05) total tract apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, energy, and calcium than birds fed non-fermented rapeseed meal. Colon and ceca digesta from broilers fed the fermented feed had higher (p<0.05) lactobacilli counts than birds fed the control and non-fermented rapeseed meal diets on day 21 and 42. Fermentation also improved (p<0.05) villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio in the ileum and jejunum on day 21 and 42. The results indicate that solid-state fermentation of rapeseed meal enhanced performance and improved the intestinal morphology of broilers and may allow greater quantities of rapeseed meal to be fed to broilers potentially reducing the cost of broiler production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1510-1517
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• 2012

To evaluate the probiotic potential of Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 isolated from meju, a Korean traditional soybean fermentation starter, its functionality and safety were investigated. B. polyfermenticus CJ6 was sensitive to all antibiotics listed by the European Food Safety Authority. The strain was also non-hemolytic, carried no emetic toxin or enterotoxin genes, and produced no enterotoxins. The resistance of B. polyfermenticus CJ6 vegetative cells and spores to simulated gastrointestinal conditions was high (60-100% survival rate). B. polyfermenticus CJ6 produced high amounts (0.36 g as a purified lyophilized form) of ${\gamma}$-polyglutamic acid (PGA). We speculate that the improved cell viability and the production of ${\gamma}$-PGA have a significant correlation. Adhesion of the strain to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells was weaker than that of the reference strain (Lb. rhamnosus GG), but it was comparable to or stronger than those of reported Bacillus spp. When B. polyfermenticus CJ6 spores were given orally to mice, the number of cells excreted in the feces was 4-fold higher than the original inocula. This suggests the inoculated spores propagated within the intestinal tract of the mice. This idea was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, which revealed directly that B. polyfermenticus CJ6 cells germinated and adhered within the gastrointestinal tract of mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that B. polyfermenticus CJ6 has probiotic potential for both human consumption and use in animal feeds.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.805-816
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate a new Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 probiotic as a feed additive for farmed trout. Final weight, absolute and average daily gain of fish, and average daily growth rate were higher in the group that received the probiotic than in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the probiotic-fed trout had more intense growth rates than the control group (higher by 15.7%; p<0.05). A decrease in feed ratio was also observed in the group that received probiotic (25% decrease; p<0.05), indicating more efficient digestion and assimilation of feed. In general, the introduction of probiotic in the feed did not adversely affect the functional status of the fish. In young trout of the control group, when assessing the general chemical composition of the organism in the muscle tissue revealed significantly (p≤0.001) higher level of moisture content by 5.1% and lower by 11.0% dry matter content. In muscle, the protein content was higher by 1.33% (p≤0.001) and fat content by 2.1% (p≤0.001) in experimental fish. Generally, Lactobacilli, Enterococcus, Vibrio, Bacillus, and coliform bacteria were found in the intestinal samples of rainbow trout. Significant reliable difference (p≤0.05) between the samples of experimental and control groups was noted in the content of Bacillus bacteria. In the control group, 5.0±0.4×10³ CFU/g was detected, while in the experimental group 8.4±0.8×10⁴ CFU/g. Overall, the data indicate that probiotic bacteria B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 has no adverse effect on selected microorganisms in the study fish.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

본 연구는 산란계에 Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtillis와 Aspergillus oryzae 및 colistin의 복합 첨가제를 급여하였을 때 난 생산성과 난질 및 난각질에 미치는 영향과 장내 미생물 조성, 계분 암모니아 발생량 및 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 함께 조사하였다. 50주령의 Hy-Line Brown 산란계 160수를 공시하여 일반 사료(Control) 또는 0.2% 복합균종 생균제를 함유하는 실험 사료(T1, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae + Lactobacillus plantarum; T2, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae; T3, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae + colistin)를 8주간 급여하였다. 사료 섭취량, 난 생산성 및 간의 중량 그리고 난각 강도, 난각 두께, 난각색은 처리구 간 유의성 있는 차이가 관찰되지 아니하였다. 그러나 Haugh unit는 처리구가 Control에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 농도와 HDL 콜레스테롤은 Control에 비해 모든 처리구에서 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 맹장 내 암모니아 농도에 미치는 영향은 Control에 비해 T1 처리구와 T3 처리구에서 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 총 균수와 lactic acid bacteria는 맹장 및 분내 모두 Control과 처리구간 큰 차이가 없었고, 맹장 및 분내의 coli forms은 Control에 비해 복합 생균제 처리구가 유의하게 낮거나(P<0.05) 낮은 경향이 관찰되었다. 4 주차와 8주차의 난황 콜레스테롤 농도는 복합 생균제 처리구가 Control에 비해 유의하게 감소하거나 감소하는 경향이 나타났다(P<0.05). 난황 중성지질과 인지질의 농도는 Control과 처리구간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 실험을 통해서 생균제인 Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus oryzae 그리고 항생제인 colistin으로 이루어진 복합제의 급여는 생산성과 혈액 성상에 부정적인 영향이 없이 난황 콜레스테롤과 분내 암모니아 농도를 감소시키고, 장내 coli forms를 저하시키는 결과가 관찰되었다. Colistin이라는 항생제는 생균제의 활성에 부정적인 영향 없이 생균제로만 이루어진 첨가제와 같은 효과를 내었으며, 장내 미생물 균총 조절에는 보다 효과적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 복합 생균제를 급여함으로 장내 균총과 산란계 사양에 유익한 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, colistin의 병용도 생균제의 이점을 저해하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1486-1494
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• 2013

Octopus vulgaris의 장관으로부터 단백질 가수분해력과 활성을 측정함으로서 높은 단백질분해효소 생성능을 가진 균을 분리하여 동정하였다. 균이 생성한 단백질분해효소는 황산암모늄침전, cellulose CM-52 양이온 교환 크로마토그래피, DEAE-Sephadex A50 음이온 교환 크로마토그래피의 3단계를 통해 정제하였다. 장관으로부터 분리한 균중 가장 높은 단백질분해효소 생성능을 가진 균은 Bacillus sp. QDV-3로 나타났으며 이균을 분리한 후 표현형 분석, 생화학적 특성, 16S rRNA 유전자염기서열분석을 통해 Bacteria역, Firmicutes문, Bacilli강, Bacillales목, Bacillaceae과, Bacillus속으로 Bacillus flexus와 99.2%의 유사성을 보이는 것으로 확인하였다. 균이 생성한 단백질 분해효소를 QDV-E로 지정하였으며 61.6 kDa의 분자량을 나타내었다. 이 효소는 pH 9.0~9.5에서 활성을 나타내었고 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$였으며 $50^{\circ}C$에서는 60분간 96% 이상의 활성을 보유하였다. Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)에 의하여 활성이 억제 되었으므로 세린 알칼리성 단백 분해 효소인 것으로 결론지었다. 금속이온인 $Mn^{2+}$ 와 $Mg^{2+}$에 의하여 효소활성 상승효과를 보였으며 $Ba^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, 그리고 $Cu^{2+}$에 의하여 활성이 억제되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of major prebiotics and the related studies, and to provide basic data for future research. Prebiotics are defined as 'nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improve host health'. Well-known prebiotics are inulin, oligofructose, and galacto-oligosaccharide. Prebiotics assist in the health activity of lactic acid bacteria by acting as a substrate for lactic acid bacteria, with their unique physical and chemical properties. Bifidobacteria are known to be beneficial bacteria that prevent intestinal inflammation, maintain intestinal microflora balance, inhibit carcinogenesis, reduce cholesterol, and enhance immunity. However, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Weissella are also found in animal-based fermented foods such as milk, cheese, yogurt, and salted fish. Prebiotics can act as a substrate for lactic acid bacteria, helping the activity of lactic acid bacteria and improving health. Therefore, the authors suggest that investigation into the category and effectiveness of prebiotics should be extended in the future through research.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.63-65
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding single or combined probiotics on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks for five weeks. Diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21.50, 19.0% CP and 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from chicks intestine(LSC), Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP) Bacillus polyfermenticus(BP) were fed with alone and mixed ones at the level of 0.21 and 0.1% in experiment 1 and 2. Three hundred eighty four chicks were randomly assigned to eight treatment with four replicates of 12 chicks each per treatment. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio(FCR) were weekly measured for 5 weeks. The number of intestinal microflora was examined at the end of experiment. There were no significant different weight gain of all treatment in both experiments. Feed consumption were not shown consistency. Chicks fed LSC alone showed the lowest feed conversion ratio of all treatment in experiment 1, but was not consistency in experiment 2. The number of Lactobacillus spp. tended to increase in chicks ileum fed probiotics treatments, whereas it was not consistency in cecum. The number of ileal E. coli was not decreased in BP treatment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.721-728
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• 2022

본 논문은 제주연안에서 채집한 소라(Turbo cornutus)의 장내세균을 분리하고 군집의 다양성을 조사하였다. 표준배지를 사용하여 순수 정체 배양 결과 MA agar에서 가장 많은 군집을 나타났다. 일반 배양 CFU값은 평균 1.8×10⁵, 혐기 배양 CFU값은 평균 0.4×10으로 보다 적게 나타났다. 기존 표준균주와 16S rDNA sequence 유사도 비교 분석 결과 크게 4문 12과 26속 67종으로 분류되었다. 표준균주와의 상동성 범위는 93-100%로 나타났다. 소라장내세균 군집은 크게 Proteobacteria 39% (α-proteobacteria; Phyllobacteriaceae (1), Rhodobacteraceae (8) / γ-proteobacteria; Alteromonadaecae (1), Shewanellaceae (4), Vibrionaceae(12))로 가장 우점하였고, Firmicutes 34% (Bacillaceae (21), Paenibacillaceae (2)), Actinobacteria 21% (Cellulomonadaceae (1), Mycobacteriaceae (6), Nocardiaceae (4), Streptomycetacea (3)), Bacteroidetes 6% (Flavobacteriaceae (4))로 각각 나타났다. Bacillus sp., Vibrio sp.이 가장 우점 하였으며, 그 외 대부분의 분리 균주는 해양 유래 관련 균주로 나타났다. 이전 보고된 제주 연안에 서식하는 해양동물 장내세균군과 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 분리된 일부 균주가 단당류(Cellulose), 다당류(alginate, agar)분해능을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 대부분이 해조류 유래 세균으로 소라의 섭이가 장내세균군과 관련됨을 알 수 있었다. 동시에 probiotics 기능을 갖고 있는 일부 균주도 분리되었다.