• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop an interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" for vulnerable adolescents in mental health clinics and to identify the effect of this program. Methods: The interpersonal caring program was composed of group interpersonal caring (one time per week for two weeks, for a total of 8 hr) and individual interpersonal caring (1-2 times per day for 2 weeks). For this research, a non-synchronized quasi-experimental model including nonequivalent experimental and control groups was used. The experimental group was made up of 17 students and the control group, of 22 students. The data were collected from May 11 to July 25, 2009 and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan' was effective for mental health, including self-esteem, hope, and quality of life for vulnerable adolescents. Conclusion: The positive findings on the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" and the participants' high satisfaction with this program indicate that it can be utilized actively as a specific nursing intervention program for adolescents at school and in the community.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2016

This study comprised descriptive research into nurses' anger, job stress and social support, and the impact thereof on interpersonal caring behaviors. This study focused on the anger and interpersonal caring behaviors of nurses. From December $1^{st}$ to $31^{st}$ 2014, the data of 174 working at university hospitals in four cities were collected. This study focused on the anger and interpersonal caring behaviors of nurses. Repeated anger rumination reduced interpersonal caring behaviors. The influence of anger-in and anger-control on interpersonal caring behaviors was confirmed. Although the stress score of job demand was too high, an autonomous nursing environment, material support and expansion of the educational period are required to enhance interpersonal caring behaviors. Thus, this study investigated the elements of interpersonal caring behavior necessary for nursing care and suggests the necessity on convergence study of addressing feelings of anger as an emotion management intervention.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aims to identify the effects of peer tutoring on the peer group caring interaction, interpersonal competence, and academic self-efficacy of nursing college students and to use them for practical education. Methods : The participants comprised 33 nursing students who lived in Gyeong-nam Province. Data were collected from February 1 to May 1, 2019. The PGCIS -K Questionnaire, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, and Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and Wilcoxon signed rank test using SPSS version 23.0. Results : A significant difference was found in the data obtained from the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (z=-2.13, p<.03) but not from the PGCIS-K Questionnaire of the research subjects who participated in peer tutoring (z=-.89, p<.37) and from the Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire (z=-.78, p<.43). Furthermore, their interpersonal competence significantly increased after the peer tutoring program. Conclusion : This study developed a peer tutoring program for nursing students and applied it to basic nursing practice classes to verify its effect on peer group caring interaction, interpersonal competence, and academic self-efficacy. The subjects improved their peer group caring interaction and interpersonal competence through peer tutoring. Peer tutoring also showed an effect on interpersonal competence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.737-745
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate Death anxiety and Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors of nurses in hospice wards focused on types of personality. Methods: The data were collected from 118 nurses working in hospice wards and analyzed SPSS Statistics 26. Results: Death anxeity was 2.41±0.27, and the highest subscale was Dying of Self(2.60±0.38). Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors was 3.58±0.60, and the highest subscale was forgiving(3.74±0.64). significant static correlation between death anxeity and Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors was confirmed(r=.265, p=.004). The affect of Death anxiety by personality type on Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors was confirmed as a factor in which 'fear of others' dying' influences Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors in Emotion centered type. Conclusion: Death anxiety and Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors have significant static correlation, Death anxiety influenced Needs of Interpersonal caring behaviors in Emotion centered type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2023

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of nursing students' emotional intelligence and interpersonal competence on their caring efficacy. Methods : This study surveyed 217 junior and senior nursing students from City B in South Korea between June 1 and June 30, 2023. The SPSS 22.0 program was employed to analyze the collected data by computing the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as by conducting t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a multivariate regression analysis. Results : The nursing students exhibited an average emotional intelligence of 5.31±.78, interpersonal competence of 3.47±.56, and caring efficacy of 4.02±.62. The students' emotional intelligence showed significant differences in terms of satisfaction with their major (p<.001), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p<.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.001), and the standard of living (p=.021). Furthermore, a significant difference in interpersonal competence was observed in terms of the students' satisfaction with their major (p=.003), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p=.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.002), and subjective mental health (p=.005). Meanwhile caring efficacy demonstrated a significant difference with regard to the grade level (p=.001), satisfaction with the major (p<.001), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p<.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.007), subjective mental health (p<.001), and subjective physical health (p=.047). The factors that affected the caring efficacy included interpersonal competence (p=.002), grade level (p<.001), satisfaction with the major (p=.004), and emotional intelligence (p=.020), all of which together accounted for an explanatory power of 22.3 %. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it is evident that further research related to the emotional intelligence, interpersonal competence, and caring efficacy of nursing students must be encouraged in the future. Furthermore efforts should be made to develop appropriate programs aimed at enhancing nursing students' caring efficacy by accounting for their emotional intelligence and interpersonal competence.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.514-526
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to identify the emotional intelligence, defense mechanism and interpersonal caring behavior by enneagram personality types in nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey design was used and data were collected using questionnaires from a sample of 263 nursing students. The data were analyzed using by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis with SPSS 20.0. Results: In the enneagram personality types, the nursing students was highly measured the type 9(Peacemaker). Emotional intelligence was significantly associated with financial status of parents, motivation of admission and satisfaction of nursing by enneagram characters. Hoping and sharing of interpersonal caring behaviors were significantly differentiated with the power type of enneagram personality. And active listening, comforting, participating of interpersonal caring behaviors were the most popular among the 9 types of personality. There was a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and interpersonal caring behavior. Conclusion: This study suggest that nursing students should be educated the interpersonal caring behavior program considering emotional intelligence and enneagram personality types.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program for young North Korean defectors which we developed based on Kim's interpersonal caring technique. Methods: This study employs a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study are 36 young North Korean defectors living in three areas. The participants are recruited through alternative schools, churches, and acquaintances. The experimental group consists of 20 participants and the control group consists of 16 participants. Experiments are conducted by four days. Specifically, the experiments are conducted eight times and each takes about 120 minutes. Furthermore, we run the camp for two nights and three days. We test our hypothesis by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent t-test, Paired t-test, and Independent t-test. Results: All the test statistics support our hypotheses such as self-esteem (t=1.87, p=.035), mental health (t=-1.69, p=.049), interpersonal relationships (t=1.93, p=.031), and quality of life (t=1.88, p=.034). Conclusion: We found that the interpersonal caring program developed in this study is effective in improving North Korean defectors' self-esteem, mental health, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate interpersonal competence and social support and their mediating effects on the relationship between caring efficacy and empathy in nursing students. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted from February 5 to February 12, 2019, from 254 students enrolled in the Department of Nursing in Jeollabuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: As a result of verifying the mediating effects of social support and interpersonal competence on the relationship between the empathy ability and caring efficacy of nursing college students, it was found that social support and interpersonal competence partially mediated the relationship between the two variables (Z=1.68, p=.046). Conclusion: Through this study, a theoretical basis was provided that when applied to an educational program could improve nursing students' caring efficacy. Content that can improve not only empathy but also social support and interpersonal competence should be included.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.337-344
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• 1996

Caring is being rediscovered as a central and unifying concept of the nursing. Traditionally, nursing profession has emphasized spirit and activities of caring. But there is little efforts to study the caring phenomena scientifically and systematically in nursing, and then the concept of caring is still remained unclear and ambiguous. Changes of social, and health care environment are threatening the philosophy and practice of caring, so it is urgent to identify caring more scientifically and to rediscover the nature of nursing discipline. Knowledge of the caring is essential component for the development of nursing as a science and a profession. The first thing to study a concept is thought to be the analysis of the concept. So in this study, concept analysis of caring was performed to clarify the concept of caring as a basis for the study of caring afterward. The approach used for the concept analysis of caring was the approach presented by Walker and Avant. The defining(or critical) attributes of caring identified in this study were (1) a series of activities for helping others, (2) concern and devotion. (3) interpersonal relationship, and (4) scientific and systematic process. The identified antecedents of caring were (1) awareness of other's needs for help, and (2) moral and cognitive motivation for helping others. The identified consequences of caring were (1) healing, (2) satisfaction, and (3) growth. And the consequences of caring were revealed to both of the care giver and the care receiver. The empirical referents of caring could be the behaviors of interpersonal relationship through scientific and systematic process with concern and devotion for others.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the quantitative research literature on measuring caring in order to identify overall trends in measuring caring. Methods: Fifty three papers were selected from four databases including RISS4U, DBpia, KISS, and Korea Med. Results: The number of measuring caring papers has increased since 2000. Approximately 60 % of the total papers were descriptive and correlative design researches with convenience sampling. Jean Waston's theory was the most popular conceptual framework, but much of the research tended to be conducted without any conceptual framework. In that kind of research, 'caring' terms were used without definition. The most frequently used term for the concept of caring was nurses' caring behaviors. Also, 'nurses' was one of the most popular subjects. Thirty six measuring caring instruments were used. Twenty were developed in foreign countries and translated into Korean. The others were developed originally in Korean. Interpersonal Caring Technique - Communication Skills Scale, based on the interpersonal process model, was the most frequently used tool. Among the translated instruments, Coates' Caring Efficacy Scale was the most popular. Some instruments were used without validation. Conclusion: These results provide basic data on measuring caring and indicate directions for further research. In particular, validation studies of measuring caring instruments are needed.