• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.200-210
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• 2009

The modern era of water quality modeling in the United States began in the 1960s. Pushed by advances in computer technology as well as environmental sciences, water quality modeling evolved through five broad periods: (1) initial model development with mainframe computers (1960s - mid 1970s), (2) model refinement and generalization with minicomputers (mid 1970s - mid 1980s), (3) model standardization and support with microcomputers (mid 1980s - mid 1990s), (4) better model access and performance with faster desktop computers running Windows and local area networks linked to the Internet (mid 1990s - early 2000s), and (5) model integration and widespread use of the Internet (early 2000s - present). Improved computer technology continues to drive improvements in water quality models, including more detailed environmental analysis (spatially and temporally), better user interfaces and GIS software, more accessibility to environmental data from on-line repositories, and more robust modeling frameworks linking hydrodynamics, water quality, watershed and atmospheric models. Driven by regulatory needs and advancing technology, water quality modeling will continue to improve to better address more complicated water bodies and pollutant types, and more complicated management questions. This manuscript describes historical trends in water quality model development in the United States, reviews current efforts, and projects promising future directions.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Clipart is artificial visual contents that are created using various tools such as Illustrator to highlight some information. Here, the style of the clipart plays a critical role in determining how it looks. However, previous studies on clipart are focused only on the object recognition [16], segmentation, and retrieval of clipart images using hand-craft image features. Recently, some clipart classification researches based on the style similarity using CNN have been proposed, however, they have used different CNN-models and experimented with different benchmark dataset so that it is very hard to compare their performances. This paper presents an experimental analysis of the clipart classification based on the style similarity with two well-known CNN-models (Inception Resnet V2 [13] and VGG-16 [14] and transfers learning with the same benchmark dataset (Microsoft Style Dataset 3.6K). From this experiment, we find out that the accuracy of Inception Resnet V2 is better than VGG for clipart style classification because of its deep nature and convolution map with various sizes in parallel. We also find out that the end-to-end training can improve the accuracy more than 20% in both CNN models.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2186-2203
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• 2020

Security administrators of companies and organizations need to come up with proper countermeasures against cyber-attacks considering infrastructures and security policies in their possession. In order to develop and verify such countermeasures, the administrators should be able to reenact both cyber-attacks and defenses. Simulations can be useful for the reenactment by overcoming its limitations including high risk and cost. If the administrators are able to design various scenarios of cyber-attacks and to develop simulation models from their viewpoints, they can simulate desired situations and observe the results more easily. It is challenging to simulate cyber-security issues, because there is lack of theoretical basis for modeling a wide range of the security field as well as pre-defined basic components used to model cyber-attacks. In this paper, we propose a modeling method for cyber-security simulations by developing a basic component and a composite model, called Abstracted Cyber-Security Unit Model (ACSUM) and Abstracted Cyber-security SIMulation model (ACSIM), respectively. The proposed models are based on DEVS(Discrete Event systems Specification) formalism, a modeling theory for discrete event simulations. We develop attack scenarios by sequencing attack behaviors using ACSUMs and then model ACSIMs by combining and abstracting the ACSUMs from a security perspective. The concepts of ACSUM and ACSIM enable the security administrators to simulate numerous cyber-security issues from their viewpoints. As a case study, we model a worm scenario using ACSUM and simulate three types of simulation models based on ACSIM from a different security perspective.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

소프트웨어 글로벌화란 다양한 나라 및 문화에 적합한 소프트웨어를 쉽게 체계적으로 개발할 수 있도록 지원하는 활동이다. 지금까지 소프트웨어 글로벌화를 위한 노력은 주로 소프트웨어 구현 기술 및 도구 개발에 초점을 맞추어왔다. 하지만 다른 나라 및 문화에 판매되는 글로벌 소프트웨어 제품은 다양한 환경 차이에 의해 요구사항이 다르게 되고, 이러한 요구사항의 차이는 상이한 아키텍처 설계를 유도하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 아키텍처 설계 지식을 체계화된 지식 모델로 정의하고, 이러한 지식 모델을 작성하고 이용하는 방법론을 제안한다. 또한 디지털 데이터 방송용 셋톱박스 미들웨어 시스템의 아키텍처 설계에 제안된 모델과 방법론을 적용하여 타당성을 평가한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1034-1051
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• 2016

Mobility models are invaluable for determining the performance of routing protocols in opportunistic networks. The movement of nodes has a significant influence on the topological structure and data transmission in networks. In this paper, we propose a new mobility model called the campus-based community mobility model (CBCNM) that closely reflects the daily life pattern of students on a real campus. Consequent on a discovery that the pause time of nodes in their community follows a power law distribution, instead of a classical exponential distribution, we abstract the semi-Markov model from the movement of the campus nodes and analyze its rationality. Then, using the semi-Markov algorithm to switch the movement of the nodes between communities, we infer the steady-state probability of node distribution at random time points. We verified the proposed CBCNM via numerical simulations and compared all the parameters with real data in several aspects, including the nodes' contact and inter-contact times. The results obtained indicate that the CBCNM is highly adaptive to an actual campus scenario. Further, the model is shown to have better data transmission network performance than conventional models under various routing strategies.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

다단상호연결네트윅의 성능평가시 실제적인 환경을 고려하기 위하여는 비균일 트래픽이 존재할 때 및 복수버퍼를 가질 때의 성능평가가 필수적이나 기존의 비균일트래픽하에서의 연구는 입력버퍼의 경우보다 상대적으로 모델링이 쉬운 출력버퍼를 가지고 있을 때를 고려한다든가 블럭킹 상태를 고려하지 못한다든, 단일버퍼만 고려한다든가 하는 결점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 입력버퍼를 가진 밴연형 다단상호연결네트윅이 비균일트래픽하에서 모델링하고 성능평가를 하는데 특히 다중의 입력버퍼를 가졌을 경우를 해석적으로 모델링하고 그 모델로부터의 결과와 시뮬레이션으로부터의 결과를 비교하여 구해진 모델의 우수성을 입증한다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

Various artifacts that are produced as software R&D project progresses contain research plan, research report, software requirements and design descriptions, etc. When conducting a software R&D project, it is necessary to confirm that the developed system has implemented its research requirements well. However, various research results make it difficult to design appropriate tests. So, there is a practical need for us to comprehensively handle the planning, execution, and reporting of software test for finding and verifying information related to the research. In this paper, we propose a useful method for software test process in R&D project which supports model based software testing. The proposed method supports automation of test design and generation of test data by explicitly separating each step of System Under Test (SUT). The method utilizes the various models representing the control flow of the function to extract the information necessary for testing the system. And it supports a systematic testing process based on TMMi and ISO 29119. Finally, we show the validity of the method by implementing a prototype with basic functionality to generate test data from software behavioral models.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.4042-4059
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• 2020

The development of new multimedia techniques such as 3D printing is increasingly attracting the public's attention towards 3D objects. An optimized robust and imperceptible watermarking method based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Weber Law is proposed for 3D polygonal models. The proposed approach partitions the host model into smaller sub meshes and generates a secret watermark from the sub meshes using Weber Law. ACO based optimized strength factor is identified for embedding the watermark. The secret watermark is embedded and extracted on the wavelet domain. The proposed scheme is robust against geometric and photometric attacks that overcomes the synchronization problem and authenticates the secret watermark from the distorted models. The primary characteristic of the proposed system is the flexibility achieved in data embedding capacity due to the optimized strength factor. Extensive simulation results shows enhanced performance of the recommended framework and robustness towards the most common attacks like geometric transformations, noise, cropping, mesh smoothening, and the combination of such attacks.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

서열 상동성 분석은 생명현상에 관여하는 물질을 정렬, 색인하여 데이터베이스 하는 것으로, 생명정보학의 유용성을 입증하는 분야이다. 본 논문에서는 구조가 복잡한 진핵생물의 서열 패턴을 단백질 서열로 변환하기 위해 은닉마르코프모델을 이용하는 GenScan 프로그램을 이용한다. 서열상동성 분석 중 최소거리 탐색 문제는 문제의 크기가 커지면 계산량이 기하급수적으로 증가하여 정확한 계산이 불가능해진다. 따라서 유사한 아미노산간의 치환과 상이한 아미노산간의 치환 점수를 차등화한 점수표를 적용하고, 은닉마르코프모델 등을 적용해 정교한 전이 확률모델을 적용한다. 변환된 서열을 서열 상동성 분석을 위해 사용되는 blast p를 이용하여, 은닉 마르코프 모델을 도입함으로 인해 단백질 구조 서열로 변환하는 데에 있어서 우수한 기능을 제공함을 알 수 있다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

밴연형 구조는 다단상호연결네트웍 중에서도 여러 변형 구조가 파생이 된 매우 중요하고 광범위하게 사용되는 구조이다. 이러한 구조를 위한 기존의 성능평가 연구는 주로 입력트래픽이 균일할 때를 가정한 것이어서 실제적이지 못하다. 비균일트래픽하에서의 기존의 연구도 입력버퍼의 경우보다 상대적으로 모델링이 쉬운 출력버퍼를 가지고 있을 때를 고려한다든가 블럭킹 상태를 고려하지 못한다든가 하는 결점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 입력버퍼를 가진 밴연형 다단상호연결네트웍이 비균일트래픽하에서 원하는 성능목표치를 만족시킬 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 해석적 모델을 개발하고 그 모델로부터의 결과와 시뮬레이션으로부터의 결과를 비교하여 구해진 모델의 우수성을 입증하였다.