• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.631-655
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• 2000

This article is focused on the review of the judgement standard for compliance of the documents in international standard banking practice. Since the establishment of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, The practices of the Credit transactions has been formed and developed with the rapidly changing progress of the international trade environment. but though the international standard banking practice have meaning to suggest a new examination standard, in practice, there are some problems on the judgement of the compliance of the documents. Therefore, for the useful judgement standard for compliance of the documents, the range of the standard should become concrete and simple so that all the related parties can forecast. and the opinions and interpretations published by ICC Banking Committee are recommended to be used, systematized and activated. and also with the change of the trade environment, the changed standard practice could be published annually for the useful use. and it will be necessary to consider to publish the publications in the form of the "White Book" Last, it is necessary to accept the changes by the needs of the times as the international standard banking practice promptly and analysis accurately its problems for the times of the electronic commerce, so that Credit systems should be settled and developed continuously as the useful means of the settlement of the proceeds conquering of the characteristics originated from the international transactions between the parties concerned.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.151-168
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• 2014

국내에서는 한국저작권위원회 주관으로 디지털콘텐츠 식별을 위한 국가디지털콘텐츠식별 체계인 UCI(Universal Content Identifier)와 통합저작권관리를 위한 ICN(Integrated Copyright Number) 식별체계를 운영하고 있다. 그러나 UCI나 ICN은 국제표준 식별체계인 ISRC (International Standard Recording Code)나 ISWC(International Standard Works Code), ISAN (International Standard Audiovisual Number) 등과 같은 국제적인 표준 식별체계와의 연계가 되어있지 않다. 따라서 국내 콘텐츠의 해외시장 진출을 위해서는 해당되는 국제표준의 식별체계 와 연계를 위한 추가의 별도 작업이 요구되고 있으며, 외국에서 판매되는 콘텐츠에 대한 정산을 포함한 통계자료는 국내시스템으로는 통합관리가 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 UCI/ICN과 국제 표준의 식별체계와의 연계를 위해 국내/외 식별체계 동향을 조사하고, 조사한 국제표준 식별체계 들의 메타데이터와 표준을 분석하여 UCI/ICN과의 연계 방안을 제시한다. 또한 시험 모형을 개발 해봄으로써, UCI/ICN과 국제표준 식별체계와의 연계방법에 관한 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.35-58
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• 2001

The letter of credit is quintessentially international. In the absence of international legal system, a private system based on banking practices has evolved, commanding the adherence of the international letter of credit community and providing the foundation of th reputation of this instrument. To maintain this international system, it is vital that international standard banking practice should not be subject to local interpretations that misconstrue or distort it. The UCP is a formulation of international standard banking practice. It is neither positive law nor a "contract term" in any traditional sense and its interpretation must be consonant with its character as a living repositary of international understanding in this field. As a result, the interpretation and application of specific articles of the UCP must be consistent with its evolving character and history and with the principles upon which sound letter of credit practice is predicated. This study, especially, focuses on article 13 of the UCP500 and 95UCC 5-108. Both articles introduce a standard of document examination to be used by banks to determine whether they comply facially with the terms of the credit. While, in the UCP, this standard is called international standard banking practices, in the UCC, this standard is called standard practices. I think that both standards are not same. Thus, first, this study look for categories of both standards and scope of application. the second subject is how can issuing bank act in the face of non-documentary condtion under this standard of document examination. Third is correlation between the principle of Strice Compliance and the standard.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-213
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• 2012

The purpose of this article is to examine Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Agreements. Most BITs and other investment treaties provide for FET of foreign investments. Today, this concept is the most frequently invoked standard in investment disputes. It is also the standard with the highest practical relevance: a majority of successful claims pursued in international arbitration are based on a violation of the FET standard. The concept of FET is not new but has appeared in international documents for some time. Some of these documents were nonbinding others entered into force as multilateral or bilateral treaties. Considerable debate has surrounded the question of whether the FET standard merely reflects the internationalminimum standard, as contained in customary international law, or offers an autonomous standard that is additional to general international law. As a matter of textual interpretation, it seems implausible that a treaty would refer to a well-known concept like the "minimum standard of treatment in customary international law" by using the expression "fair and equitable treatment." Broad definitions or descriptions are not the only way to gauge the meaning of an elusive concept such as FET. Another method is to identify typical factual situations to which this principle has been applied. An examination of the practice of tribunals demonstrates that several principles can be identified that are embraced by the standard of fair and equitable treatment. Some of the cases discussed clearly speak to the central roles of transparency, stability, and the investor's legitimate expectations in the current understanding of the FET standard. Other contexts in which the standard has been applied concern compliance with contractual obligations, procedural propriety and due process, action in good faith, and freedom from coercion and harassment. In short, meeting the investor's central legitimate concern of legal consistency, stability, and predictability remains a major, but not the only, ingredient of an investment-friendly climate in which the host state in turn can reasonably expect to attract foreign investment.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.710-713
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• 2004

The domestic railroad industry 2004 April high-speed railroad commerce is the actual condition which is operated and the fact that in spite of railroad standard field many portion does not correspond in international standardize actuality. International standard correspondence propulsion direction and hereafter of railway rolling stock wheel standard it was presented from the research which it sees and the railway rolling stock wheel relation KS standard establishment by law direction it introduced.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.495-513
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• 2000

In this paper, I examined the terms of letter of credit and standard for examination of documents. In connection with the test of standard, I reviewed the bank's reasonable care, inconsistence and linkage between documents, non-documentary conditions and the treatment of discrepant documents. Traditionally credit law is founded on two principles such as the standards of strict of compliance and substantial compliance, but these standards are not consistency. Moreover although the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP) introduces a new standard for examination of documents by incorporating international banking practice, the standards for documentary compliance have created ambiguity. Accordingly, I suggest that the standard requires strict compliance between party concerned in letter of credit transactions but only requires international standard banking practice in customer relationship. Therefore the standard and the specific guideline should be prescribed in the next version of the UCP.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 국제표준화기구에서 제정 관리하고 있는 국제표준 중 재난관리 관련 국제표준, 특히 ISO/TC 292(Security-안전) 분과의 국제표준을 조사하여 재난관리 관련 국제표준 동향을 살펴보고, 각 국제표준과 관련된 국내 법 제도를 살펴보았다. 재난관리기관으로서 국민안전처(구 소방방재청)은 재난관리 관련 국제표준 제정 시 국내 적용하기 위한 방안을 지속적으로 마련하고 있다. 재난관리 관련 국제표준이 지속적으로 제정됨에 따라 재난관리기관은 국제표준을 도입하기 위한 방안을 모색하여 국제사회에 발맞춰 나갈 필요가 있다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2017

Offshore plants should be managed at a high level of safety condition. Because the offshore plant has cramped space and has difficult access when a fire occurred, a fire can be critical to the plants. LED lighting can reduce the risk of fire by its lower energy consume suitable to intrinsic safety and lower heat radiation that can reduce the possibility of ignition. Also LED has a long lifetime. Though LED luminaire has various advantages for offshore plants, an international standard for the luminaire has not provided because it is new technology. Because there is no international and domestic standard specially provided for the LED luminaire, a guideline is required for developing the LED light and for the future establishment of an international standard. This study was conducted to develop the guideline for LED luminaire for offshore plants. Firstly, relevant standards were analyzed for the guideline. Then we found that there are editorial differences between international standards and domestic standards. So the guideline was developed based on international version and the differences between the domestic and international standard were provided to let Korean developers recognize the differences.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.863-869
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• 2006

The existing Europe Standard, EN 50159 with respect of safety of railway signalling communication protocol has been changed into International Standard, IEC 62280. This Standard presents the requirement for safe communication between safety-related devices which connects with transmission system, there are both closed and open transmission system. Regardless of this international Standards, the communication protocol for interface between CTC communication server and external facilities has been standardized several years ago in our country, so this is applied to integrated CTC system in KORAIL. Two Standards are currently standardized as a protocol between CTC and external facilities, these standard protocols are also required high level safety as a communication link which is transmitted vital control information in common with the train control system. For that reason, we have made analysis of requirement for the safe transmission required by international standard. Under this analysis, we have studied safety features of communication protocol applying to our standard. In other words, we have researched that how many the requirement from international standard for safe transmission is reflected in domestic standard protocol, and also whether our standard makes sure of safety enough or not.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2004

Recently, International Standardization is an important issue in competitive world market because of integration of standard, liberalization of international trade and globalization. Consequently, Korean companies need a strategy about corresponding to market circumstance and global standard. In this study, we examine Intellectual Property, Patent and Antitrust Law which are related to standardization. This study suggests company strategy and system integration model to dispose the global standard.