• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.5-27
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• 2004

이 연구의 목적은 국제기구 연구의 기초가 될 주요 정보원과 정보서비스의 특징을 분석하여 국제기구 정보원에 대한 접근 및 이용의 효율성을 증진시키는데 있다. 경제, 환경, 문화, 교육, 보건 및 관련 분야의 국제협력을 도모하고 있는 16개 국제연합 전문기구를 대상으로 각 기구의 목적과 기능을 개관하고, 웹상에서 확인할 수 있는 각 기구의 문서 및 출판물의 종류와 주제별 특성, 도서관 정보서비스 그리고 그 정보원의 식별과 접근을 도와주는 도구 및 시스템들을 살펴보았으며 효율적인 전문기구 정보서비스를 제공하기 위한 방안들을 논의하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

Purpose: The international business is affected by significant cultural factors that may impediment the operation and the ultimate performance of a business organization. The current study aims to investigate prior literatures works to find cross-cultural discrepancies such as the cultural distance that impacts international companies' operations and management and develop appropriate strategies for realizing high performance while overcoming these challenges. Research design, data and methodology: To find the required sources, the study employed the use of secondary data. Different search strategies were used to find the necessary materials from various sources. The data composed of an extensive review from multiple peer-reviewed journals and other existing research. Results: Based on literature analysis, the current study suggests novel seven strategies for multinational organizations. As a result, this study provides various pieces of literature to deduce meaningful information on the appropriate business strategies that a company can use to bridge the gap of the limitations of cross-cultural impacts on international businesses. Conclusion: An organization moving into a new cultural environment faces challenges including tastes and preferences, norms, language barriers, and beliefs. Organizations, therefore, have to devise the best strategies to align themselves with the prevailing cultural conditions to reap the benefits of internationalization.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.587-598
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• 1999

In recent years emissions of pollutants from ship sources, especially NOx and SOx, is controlled by IMO(International Maritime Organization). The emissions of pollutants from ship sources in Pusan is considerably large, because the number of ship's coming and going in Pusan port is larger than that of other ports in Korea. Since Pusan is under the strong influence of land-sea breezes, pollutants emitted from ship sources will be transported into the inland. Control of emissions from ship sources is required to devise effectively the policy of air quality management in Pusan. Therefore this paper considered the present condition of total pollutant sources and emission characteristics including in coastal urban area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2013

We investigated the major trends in health aid financing in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by identifying the primary donor organizations and examining several data sources to track overall health aid trends. We collected gross disbursements from bilateral donor countries and international organizations toward the DPRK according to specific health sectors by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development creditor reporting system database and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs financial tracking service database. We analyzed sources of health aid to the DPRK from the Republic of Korea (ROK) using the official records from the ROK's Ministry of Unification. We identified the ROK, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) as the major donor entities not only according to their level of health aid expenditures but also their growing roles within the health sector of the DPRK. We found that health aid from the ROK is comprised of funding from the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund, private organizations, local governments, and South Korean branches of international organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. We also distinguished medical equipment aid from developmental aid to show that the majority of health aid from the ROK was developmental aid. This study highlights the valuable role of the ROK in the flow of health aid to the DPRK, especially in light of the DPRK's precarious international status. Although global health aid from many international organizations has decreased, organizations such as GFATM and UNFPA continue to maintain their focus on reproductive health and infectious diseases.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2021

세계보건기구(World Health Organization, WHO), 경제개발협력기구(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD)등 국제기구 및 주요 선진국에서는 대기오염의 심각성을 인지하고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, IMO) 등의 국제기구에서도 선박에서 발생하는 대기오염을 감소시키 위해 다양한 규제를 시행하고 있다. 이러한 국제적인 흐름에 따라 국내에서도 「항만지역등 대기질 개선에 관한 특별법」(이하 특별법)을 제정하며, 항만에서 기인하는 대기오염을 감소시키려는 노력을 보이고 있다. 특별법의 목적은 항만지역 등의 대기질을 개선하기 위하여 종합적인 시책을 추진하는 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 정책적 움직임에 맞추어 항만에서 기인하는 대기오염물질 배출원별 배출량을 파악하여 정책의 우선순위 설정에 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선박, 차량, 하역장비, 하역/야적재비산먼지, 도로재비산먼지, 철도 6개 부문으로 분류하여 분석을 시행하였으며, 유럽환경청(European Environment Agency, EEA)과 미국환경보호국(United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA)에서 제시하는 방법론을 이용하였다. 분석대상 오염물질은 일산화탄소(CO), 질소산화물(NOX), 황산화물(SOX), 총부유물질(TSP), 미세먼지 및 초미세먼지(PM10, PM2.5), 암모니아(NH3)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 총 7,122톤의 배출량이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 물질별로는 NOX가 5,084톤으로 가장많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 CO(984톤), SOx(530톤), TSP(335톤)의 순으로 나타났다. 배출원 별로는 선박이 4,107톤으로써 가장 많은 비중을 차지하며 다음으로 차량이 2,622톤으로써 높은 배출량을 보였다. 이는 각각 전체 배출량의 57.6%와 36.8%로써 항만 대기오염을 유발하는 주요원인으로 판명되어 이들 배출원에 대한 대책이 필요함을 시사하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss is a well-known occupational disease that affects many fish harvesters from many fisheries worldwide, whose risk factor is prolonged exposure to hazardous noise levels. To date, academic research activities and regulatory bodies have not provided any comparative analysis among the existing methods to assess noise exposure levels of fish harvesters. This paper provides a comparison of four relevant assessment methods of noise exposure, examining the results of a measurement campaign performed onboard small fishing vessels from Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: We traveled onboard 11 vessels engaged in multiple fisheries from Newfoundland and Labrador and performed extensive noise exposure surveys using the simplified International Maritime Organization method, the full-day measurement method, and the two methods provided by ISO 9612:2009, the task-based method and job-based method (JBM). Results: The results showed that the four methods yield similar values when the noise components are dominated by the engine and auxiliaries (steady-state sources); when noise components are dominated by the fishing gear, task-based method and the simplified International Maritime Organization method estimates are less accurate than JBM, using full-day measurements as baseline. Conclusion: The JBM better assesses noise exposure in small-scale fisheries, where noise exposure has significant variance and uncertainties on the exposure levels are higher.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper addresses the role of designers in design-oriented firms and how they should work together with other organization members. The aim of this paper is to investigate how designers generate ideas and cooperate with others as well as how their participation in decision-making reflects on corporate design strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - An in-depth exploratory study examined how designers actually perform their roles in enterprises; in addition, information, knowledge, communication among designers, and sources of creativity were examined. Hanssem and Ikea grew as design-intensive businesses in a declining industry. Data were obtained from interviews with the design staff of each company as well as secondary sources. Results - Designers were found to use their designs to communicate with customers as well as with communities outside of the enterprise; they also participated in overall decision-making in relation to important design strategies. Conclusions - This study emphasized the increasing importance of the innovative and creative role of designers; thus, it might substantially help companies to develop their own design capabilities and deploy design strategies.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-63
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• 2013

The goal of this study is to improve the competitiveness of professional librarians in society. To this end, we analyzed domestic and international LIS curriculum, determined demand from field librarians through a survey, carried out job analysis by library types, and developed an operating model for LIS curriculum by synthesizing all of these results. Finally, we suggested a course of study for civil service librarians based on this model. As a result, the six required courses for civil service librarians are: Introduction to Library and Information Science, Information Organization, Information Services (Reference and Information Services), Library Management, Information Retrieval, and Field Work. The four core courses for the civil service concentration are: Collection Development, Information Sources by Subjects, Public Library Management, and Digital Libraries. Suggested electives best suited to this career path include Using Web Resources, Information Literacy, Information Services in Culturally Diverse Communities, Library Marketing, Libraries and Cultural Programs, Reading Guidance, Library History, Small Library Management, Studies in Library Buildings, Library Cooperation, Managing Digital Collections, and Information and Communication in a Digital Age.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2024

Humanity has gone since a long time through several pandemics; we cite H1N1 in 2009 and also Spanish flu in 1917. In December 2019, the health authorities of China detected unexplained cases of pneumonia. The WHO (World Health Organization) has declared the apparition of Covid-19 (novel Coronavirus). In data analysis, multiple approaches and diverse techniques were used to extract useful information from multiple heterogeneous sources and to discover knowledge and new information for decision-making. In this paper, we propose a multidimensional model for analyzing the Coronavirus Covid-19 data (spread and vaccination in European countries).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1213-1220
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant contents and activities of colored rice grains and to evaluate their nutritive characteristics in terms of chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradation. Methods: Ten cultivars of colored rice grains (Oryza sativa L.) collected from several areas of Japan were studied, and control rice without pigment, maize, barley, and wheat grains were used as control grains. Their chemical compositions, pigment, polyphenol contents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and degradation characteristics were determined. Results: The starch contents of the colored rice grains were in the range of 73.5% to 79.6%, similar to that of the control rice grain. The black and red rice grains contained anthocyanin (maximum: $5,045.6{\mu}g/g$) and proanthocyanidin (maximum: $3,060.6{\mu}g/g$) at high concentrations as their principal pigments, respectively. There were significantly (p<0.05) positive relationships among the pigment contents, polyphenol content, and TAC values in the colored and control rice grains, indicating that the increase in pigment contents also contributed to the increased polyphenol content and TAC values in the colored rice grains. The dry matter and starch degradation characteristics, as represented by c (fractional degradation rate of slowly degradable fraction) and by the effective degradability, of the colored rice grains and the control rice grain were ranked as follows among commonly used grains: wheat>barley${\geq}rice$>maize. The colored rice grains also included the most-digestible starch, since their potential degradable fraction and actual degradability at 48 h incubation were almost 100%. Conclusion: Colored rice grains have high potential to be used as antioxidant sources in addition to starch sources in ruminants.