• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.245-261
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• 2013

This paper analyzes films by director Tarsem Singh in relation to the theory of the sublime. The medium of film works in dimensions of both spectacle and narrative. Tarsem's strength mainly comes from spectacle. The visual style of Tarsem is unique and undeniably beautiful, but in a strange and magnificent way, rather than sweet and pleasant. If you accept the premises of Kant and Lyotard that the beautiful is a positive pleasure and the sublime is a negative pain, Tarsem's spectacle is certainly closer to the sublime than the beautiful. The Fall proves the director's ability in both spectacle and narrative. The spectacle of this film is so overwhelmingly huge, and vivid, it easily surpasses spectators' maximum capacity of imagination, which leaves the spectators in awe. Spectacle tends to hinder thinking thus obstruct the flow of narrative, but at the same time it blocks rational suspicion about the narrative. The spectacle of the Fall works as the power to immerse the spectators into the internal logic of the film. Since the spectators are deeply moved by the spectacle, they willingly follow the narrative of the film, the tragic adventure of the heroes which again gives the audience deep catharsis.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2015

Increasing concerns on climate change and energy security accelerated policies to reduce green-house gas emission, especially from the transportation sector. Electric vehicle (EV) has been on the spotlight to deal with such environmental issue and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology began to draw attentions as an alternative to reduce ownership costs while contributing to an efficient and decentralized power grid. This study conducts a scenario analysis on total cost of ownership of EV under V2G scheme and compare with non-V2G EV and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle. As result, V2G service is expected to provide an annual average profit of $210 to EV users willing to reverse flow its residual power in the battery. The profit from V2G service leaves a margin of $4,530 over operational lifetime, compared with $2,420 cost of charge for non-V2G EV. In summary, total cost of ownership of V2G-capable EV was 6.2% less than non-V2G EV and 10.2% higher than ICE vehicle. The results confirm a comparative economic advantage of operating EV under V2G scheme. Increased number of EVs with V2G service has shown to provide positive effects to power industry for valley filling in load distribution, thus, favorably increasing the overall economic feasibility.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2016

Internet traffic has been significantly increasing due to the development of information and communication networks and the growing numbers of cell phone users that access networks. This paper connects to this issue by presenting a way to detect and analyze a typical DDoS attack that results in Internet breaches and network attacks, which are on the increase. To achieve this goal, we improve features and GUI of the existing ATMSim analysis package and use it. This package operates on a network flow-based analysis method, which means that normal traffic collected through an internal LAN at the Korean Bible University campus as well as anomaly traffic with DDoS attacks are generated. Self-similarity processes are used to analyze normal and anomaly traffic that are collected and generated from the improved ATMSim. Our numerical results obtained from three Hurst parameter estimate techniques show that there is quantitatively a significant difference between normal traffic and anomaly traffic from a self-similarity perspective.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2010

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) is the current treatment of choice for renal artery revascularization, but renal autotransplantation has been an alternative treatment for complex cases. Here we report a 14-year-old boy with severe hypertension successfully treated with PTRA and renal autotransplantation. Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed slight narrowing in the right renal artery ostium and complete obstruction in the left renal artery ostium with multiple collaterals. PTRA with stent insertion was performed for the treatment of the right renal artery, but it was impossible for the left renal artery due to the total obstruction. Therefore, left nephrectomy for autotransplantation was done with the peritoneal approach and the left kidney was autotransplanted to the ipsilateral iliac fossa. Postoperatively, Doppler ultrasonography and mercapto-acetyl-triglycine (MAG-3) renogram were performed, which showed normal renal artery blood flow and kidney function. Blood pressure was normalized and anti-hypertensive drugs were gradually tapered. Fibromuscular dysplasia was suspected to be responsible for the renal artery stenosis based on clinical aspects. In conclusion, renal autotransplantation is also a good treatment option for children with severe renovascular hypertension when endovascular treatment has failed or is not possible.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1982

Typical stratigraphic sequences of Paleozoic form the Baegunsan Syncline (equal to Hambaeg Syncline) and Taebaegsan Group is the basement in the southern part of Kangweon Province. Deformation pattern depends on their stratigraphic site and their internal properties. In the biotite schists and meta-sandstones of Pre-Cambrian sequences, flow folds and ptygmatic folds are developed, and high strain deformation is pervasive. Deformational patterns of Cambro-Ordovician are variable because of their various formations. Fracturing is pervasive in the Jangsan Quartzite and Daegi and Maggol Limestone. Welldeveloped slaty cleavage and angular folds of kink and chevron types are the prevailing structures of pelitic rocks. The most characteristic feature of limestone alternated with argillite is the "Compositional cleavage (Author's proposal)" known as the "Worm-eatern" structures. It was known that this structures have a sedimentary origin. But their preferred orienation of long axis of erosional lime holes, originated from tectonic deformation of folding. And this structures have the same character as the axial plane cleavages. Fracturing and long wave concentric folds are dominant characters of the Upper Paleozic sequences. In this area, two folds are superimposed. Field studying and analysis of structures show that the cross-folds of NS-direction are pervasive and were deformed by the EW-directional Baegunsan Syncline. The cross-folding is the major and penetrative deformation and prior to Baegunsan Syncline.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

In order to overcome these disadvantages, the halogen light source, which was previously used as a vehicle fog light, has increased power consumption and a short lifetime, and thus, an automobile light source is gradually being replaced with an LED. However, when the vehicle LED fog light is turned on, there is a disadvantage in reducing the life of the fog lamp due to the high heat generated from the LED. The heat generated by the LED inside the fog lamp is mainly emitted by the heatsink, but most of the remaining heat is released to the outside through convection. When cooling efficiency decreases due to convection, thermal energy generates heat to lenses, reflectors, and bezels, which are the main parts of lamps, or generates high temperatures in LED, thereby shortening the life of LED fog lights. In this study, we tried to improve the heat dissipation performance by convection in addition to the heat dissipation method by heat sink, and to determine the installation location of vents that can discharge the internal air or intake the external air of LED fog lamp for vehicle. Thermal fluid analysis was performed to ensure that the optimal data were reflected in the design. The average velocity of air increased in the order of Case3 and Case2 compared to Case1, which is the existing prototype, and the increase rate of Case3 was relatively higher than that of other cases. This is because the vents installed above and below the fog lamps induce the convective phenomena generated according to the temperature difference, and the heat is efficiently discharged with the increase of the air speed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects on abdominal muscle thickness and breathing by applying trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise along with breathing exercise, which is the main respiratory muscle during breathing, to present an efficient exercise method with diaphragm breathing. Methods : This study was performed on normal 6 females and 14 males subjects. They were divided into 2 groups which trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise group. The trunk strength exercise group (TSE) attended prone press-up, crunch and pelvic tiling. The deep stabilization exercise group (DSE) attended abdominal drawing, horizontal side-support and bridging exercise. Breathing exercise was performed for each set break time for 1 minute. Results : First, in the comparison of the change in the thickness of the abdominal muscle between the trunk strength training group and the deep stabilization group before and after exercise, there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of transverse abdominis (TrA), rectus femoris (RF), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Second, in the comparison of changes in respiratory function between the trunk strength exercise group and the deep stabilization exercise group before and after exercise, there were statistically significant differences in the exerted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the comparison before and after the experiment (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, it can be said that both trunk strength exercises and deep stabilization exercises along with diaphragm breathing are exercises that strengthen deep and superficial muscles, and have a positive effect on breathing function as well as muscle strength. However, it is not known which exercise was more effective, and because it was combined with breathing exercise, the interference effect appeared.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1573-1578
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• 2011

Milk thistle (silybum marianum) is a famous dietary supplement widely used in the United States and Europe. Silbinin is a major biologically active compound of milk thistle and has strong antioxidant and radical scavenger activities. Anticancer activities, as well as chemopreventive effects on various cancer cell lines, including prostate, lung, colon, skin, and bladder, have also been reported in silbinin. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of silibinin and apoptosis through cell cycle arrest on prostate cancer cell PC-3. We performed cell viability by MTT assay and western blotting to confirm cell cycle check point proteins such as cyclin A/D1/E and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2/4/6. To quantify silibinin-induced apoptotic cell death of PC-3, Annexin V and PI double staining was performed by flow cytometry, by which its cell distribution was determined. As a result, silibinin inhibited the cell growth of PC-3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and its treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Also the level of cell cycle check point proteins (cyclin, CDK) was decreased by silibinin in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, we suggest that apoptosis of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 induced by silibinin is associated with cell cycle arrest through decrease of cell cycle check point proteins, caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 1998

Attentional processes facilitate cognitive and behavioral performance in several ways. Attention serves to reduce the amount of information to receive. Attention enables humans to direct themselves to appropriate aspects of external environmental events and internal operations. Attention facilitates the selection of salient information and the allocation of cognitive processing appropriate to that information. Attention is not a unitary process that can be localized to a single neuroanatomical region. Before the cortical registration of sensory information, activation of important subcortical structures occurs, which is called as an orienting response. Once sensory information reaches the sensory cortex, a large number of perceptual processes occur, which provide various levels of perceptual resolution of the critical features of the stimuli. After this preattentional processing, information is integrated within higher cortical(heteromodal) systems in inferior parietal and temporal lobes. At this stage, the processing characteristics can be modified, and the biases of the system have a direct impact on attentional selection. Information flow has been traced through sensory analysis to a processing stage that enables the new information to be focused and modified in relation to preexisting biases. The limbic and paralimbic system play significant roles in modulating attentional response. It is labeled with affective salience and is integrated according to ongoing pressures from the motivational drive system of the hypothalamus. The salience of information greatly influences the allocation of attention. The frontal lobe operate response selection system with a reciprocal interaction with both the attention system of the parietal lobe and the limbic system. In this attentional process, the search with the spatial field is organized and a sequence of attentional responses is generated. Affective, motivational and appectitive impulses from limbic system and hypothalamus trigger response intention, preparation, planning, initiation and control of frontal lobe on this process. The reticular system, which produces ascending activation, catalyzes the overall system and increases attentional capacity. Also additional energetic pressures are created by the hypothalamus. As psychophysiological measurement, skin conductance, pupil diameter, muscle tension, heart rate, alpha wave of EEG can be used. Event related potentials also provide physiological evidence of attention during information process. NI component appears to be an electrophysiological index of selective attention. P3 response is developed during the attention related to stimulus discrimination, evaluation and response.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

The typical truss-lattice material successively packed by repeated cubic symmetric unit cells consists of sub-elements (SE) proposed in this study. The representative continuum model for this truss-lattice material such as the effective strain and stress relationship can be formulated by the homogenization procedure based on the notation of averaged mechanical properties. The volume fractions of micro-scale struts have a significant influence on the effective strength as well as the relative density in the lattice plate with replicable unit cell structures. Most of the strength contribution in the lattice material is induced by axial stiffness under uniform stretching or compression responses. Therefore, continuum based constitutive models composed of homogenized member stiffness include these mechanical characteristics with respect to strength, internal stress state, material density based on the volume fraction and even failure modes. It can be also recognized that the stress state of micro-scale struts is directly associated with the continuum constitutive model. The plastic flow at the micro-scale stress can extend the envelope of the analytical stress function on the surface of macro-scale stress derived from homogenized constitutive equations. The main focus of this study is to investigate the basic topology of unit cell structures with the cubic symmetric system and to formulate the plastic models to predict pressure dependent macro-scale stress surface functions.