• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

Purpose: Nursing students face constant threats of blood-borne infections such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C during their clinical rotation period. This study was done to determine the frequency and risk of the exposure to blood and body fluids. Methods: The data was collected using a questionnaire. Ninety eight junior & senior nursing students were participated in this study. Results: 75.6% of the participants reported more than once during practicum. The exposure occurred most frequently while checking the blood glucose (65.3%). The general ward (45.3%) was the most frequent site for the occurrence of the exposure. However, only eight cases (10.7%) were reported to the medical or nursing personnel in charge. Conclusions: This study shows nursing students are in a great risk of the exposure to blood & body fluid. The risk is highest in the general ward during checking the blood glucose. Thorough education on preventive measures, should be provided to nursing students prior to clinical practium.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2007

Inconel 617 is a candidate tube material for high temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGR). The microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 617 were studied after exposure at high temperature($1050^{\circ}C$). The dominant oxide layer was Cr-oxide. The internal oxide and Cr-depleted region were observed below the Cr-oxide layer. The depth of Cr-depleted zone and internal oxide increased with exposure time. The major phases of carbides are $M_{23}C_6\;and\;M_6C$. The composition of $M_{23}C_6\;and\;M_6C$ were determined to be Cr-rich and Mo-rich, respectively. $M_6C$ carbide is more stable than $M_{23}C_6$ at high temperature. From the results of high temperature compression test, there were no significant changes in hardness and yield strength upon increasing exposure time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2021

The radiological safety of the spent resin treatment facility with a¹⁴C treatment capacity of 1 ton/day was evaluated in terms of the external and internal exposure of worker according to operation scenario. In terms of external dose, the annual dose for close work for 1 h/day at a distance of more than 1 m (19.8 mSv) satisfied the annual dose limit. For 8 h of close work per day, the annual dose exceeded the dose limit. For remote work of 2000 h/year, the annual dose was 14.4 mSv. Lead shielding was considered to reduce exposure dose, and the highest annual dose during close work for 1 h/day corresponded to 6.75 mSv. For close work of 2000 h/year and lead thickness exceeding 1.5 cm, the highest value of annual dose was derived as 13.2 mSv. In terms of internal exposure, the initial year dose was estimated to be 1.14E+03 mSv when conservatively 100% of the nuclides were assumed to leak. The allowable outflow rate was derived as 7.77E-02% and 2.00E-01% for the average limit of 20 mSv and the maximum limit of 50 mSv, respectively, where the annual replacement of the worker was required for 50 mSv.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

유럽 및 미국에서는 다인용 치료병실을 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 서울대학교병원에서 현재 1인용 치료병실로 사용하고 있는 병실을 2인용 치료병실로 운영할 때 안전성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 서울대학교병원 기존 치료병실에 침대와 침대 사이 차폐벽을 설치하여 2인용 치료병실로 운영할 경우, 상대방 환자로부터 방출되는 감마선의 산란에 의한 외부피폭과 상대방 환자에 의해 발생되는 오염으로 인한 외부 및 내부피폭을 평가하였다. 2인용 치료병실의 안전성 평가를 위해 외부 및 내부피폭을 평가하였을 때 원자력법에서 고시하는 '진료환자의 격리 수량, 5 mSv'이하의 피폭을 받게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 환자들의 피폭관리방안을 수립하여 교육 및 관리함으로써 환자 상호 간의 불필요한 피폭을 방지할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 갑상선암 환자의 증가에 따라 치료병실 이용하는 환자가 적체되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 국제적 추세에 발맞춰 현행 1인용 치료병실을 2인용 치료병실로 개선함으로써 비용절감 및 관리의 효율성을 증대할 수 있으며 환자의 소외감과 고립감을 해소하여 치료효과를 높일 수 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2009

삼중수소는 중수로형 원전에서 방사선작업종사자의 내부피폭을 일으키는 주요 방사성핵종 중의 하나이다. 이 핵종은 계통에서 HTO 형태로 비교적 쉽게 누설되며, 호흡과정을 통해 작업종사자의 신체내부로 유입된다. 이러한 삼중수소는 신체 내에서 약 2시간 후에 평형에 도달하며, 약 10일의 유효반감기를 가지고 신체로부터 제거된다. 신체내의 삼중수소는 체액을 따라 유동하기 때문에 전신이 피폭을 받게 된다. 원전의 운영경험에 의하면 원전종사자의 전체 피폭방사선량의 약 20$\sim$40% 정도가 삼중수소에 의한 내부피폭으로 발생하고 있다. 따라서, 원전의 방사선안전관리 측면에서 볼 때 중요하게 관리되는 방사성핵종이다. 본 논문에서는 중수로 원전에서 삼중수소의 흡입에 따른 뇨시료 중의 삼중수소 방사능 측정 자료를 이용하여 삼중수소의 인체 대사모델을 수립하고, 이를 근거로 피폭방사선량 평가의 중요 인자인 유효반감기를 분석하였다. 이 결과에 따르면 국내 원전 종사자의 유효반감기는 국제방사선 방호위원회에서 제시한 10일보다 짧은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2001

Beta radiation is measured for an environmental monitoring purpose or for an internal radiation exposure monitoring of nuclear power plant's worker. In korea, strontium 89 and strontium 90 is measured for an environmental monitoring purpose. Also tritium and carbon 14 contained in urine is measured for an internal radiation exposure monitoring of nuclear power plant's worker. Because above isotopes emits low energy beta radiations having a wide range of energy, very complicated isotope separation preprocess is needed. In this study, two mixed beta emitting isotopes are measured simultaneously using a liquid scintillation counter(LSC) and analyzed by using a developed statistical method. Banded least square method is used to analyze the mixed spectrum, and the goodness-of-fitness test is proposed. Test results show that the developed procedure can be very useful for analyzing a mixed beta emitting isotopes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the vasodilatory effect of Sipjeondaebo-tang by inhibiting RhoA activity in vascular cells during cold exposure. Methods: Human vascular endothelial cells and pericytes were pretreated with Sipjeondaebo-tang for 30 min, followed by incubation at 37 ℃ (control) or 25 ℃ (cold exposure) for 30 min. Activation of endothelin-1-mediated RhoA in pericytes was assessed by pretreating the cells with Sipjeondaebo-tang for 30 min, followed by incubation with endothelin-1 at 37 ℃ for 30 min. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of active RhoA. Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide release from endothelial cells was examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Cold treatment activated RhoA in both pericytes and vascular endothelial cells, whereas Sipjeondaebo-tang treatment inhibited this activation. Sipjeondaebo-tang treatment also reversed the cold-mediated production of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide. Cold exposure promoted the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes by increasing the expression of phospho-focal adhesion complex kinase, whereas Sipjeondaebo-tang treatment suppressed this response. Conclusions: These findings suggested that Sipjeondaebo-tang inhibits cold-induced RhoA activation and its related pathway components, including endothelin-1 and nitric oxide, in vascular cells. Therefore, Sipjeondaebo-tang could be beneficial for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1993

연구배경 : Ikeda에 의해 임상에 도입된 굴곡성 기관지경은 각종 폐 질환의 진단과 치료에 광범위하게 이용되고 있으며 시술 증례도 증가하고 있으나 외국에서는 결핵균, 비결핵항산균 및 여러 세균들에 의한 기관지경의 교차오염예가 다수 보고되고 있으므로 기관지경의 세척과 소독방법에 대해 주의를 기울여야 한다. 방법 : 1991년 11월부터 1992년 5월 까지 기관지내시경을 시행한 예중에서 기관지세척액에서 비결핵항산균이 배양된 예들을 분석하고 본원에서 화학살균제로 사용하고 있는 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde의 살균작용을 평가하기 위하여 실험실내에서 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde와 비결핵항산균 및 세균을 접촉시킨후 균의 사멸 여부를 알아 보았다. 결과 : 2% glutaraldehyde 소독제 용액에 비결핵항산균은 2% glutaraldehyde 1:1 용액으로 30분간 접촉한 후 균이 자라지 않았으며 그 밖의 세균들은 접촉 바로 후에 자라지 않았다. 위발생 인지후 철저한 기계적 세척과 함께 세척기내에서 30분이상 2% glutaraldehyde에 담가둔 이후로는 위양성이 발생하지 않았다. 결론 : 기관지경 사용후 기계적 세척을 철저히 하는 것이 중요하며 2% glutaraldehyde 용액으로 소독시 비결핵항산균의 소멸을 기대하려면 적어도 30분 이상 접촉이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 감염조절 방법을 엄격하게 적용한다 하더라도 오염을 완전히 배제할 수 없으므로, 일반적으로 비병원균으로 알려진 균들이 비통상적으로 갑자가 높은율로 검출되면 위발생을 생각하여야 한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

Object : Hepatitis Treatment-tang No.1 has been used for the treatment of Liver disease and Jaundice. Long-term EtOH exposure leads to immunoregulatory and detoxification impairment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between TNF-${\alpha}$ production and expression, and EtOH-induced cytotoxicity on Hep G2 cells. Method : Cells were incubated with EtOH in the presence or absence of HT. The cells were tested after 24 hours and, again, after 48 hours. Cytoviability and TNF-${\alpha}$ release were analyzed by MTT assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. After 24 hours of EtOH exposure, the cytoviability decreased, and the release of TNF-${\alpha}$ was increased. Increased amounts of TNF-${\alpha}$ contribute to EtOH-induced cytotoxicity. The Anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ antibody almost abolished it. Interestingly, EtOH-induced cytotoxicity and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were inhibited by HT. Moreover, when HT was used in combination with the anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ antibody, there was a marked inhibition of EtOH-induced cytotoxicity. Results : These results suggest that HT may prevent the cytotoxicity through partial inhibition of the TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2006

Neutron imaging technique was used to investigate the water distribution and movement in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) at HANARO, KAERI. The Feasibility tests were performed in the first and second exposure rooms at the neutron radiography facility (NRF) at HANARO in order to check the ability of each exposure room, respectively. The feasibility test apparatus was composed of water and pressurized air before making up the actual test apparatus. Due to the low neutron intensity in the second exposure room, the exposure time was too long to investigate the transient phenomena of PEMFC. Although the exposure time was improved to 0.1 sec in the first exposure room, it was difficult to discriminate detail water movement at the channel due to the high noise level. Therefore, the experimental setup must be optimized according to the test conditions. Water discharge characteristics were investigated under different flow field geometries by using feasibility test apparatus and the neutron imaging technique. The water discharge characteristics of a 3-parallel serpentine are superior to those of a 1-parallel serpentine, but water at Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) was not removed, regardless of the flow field type.