• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1245-1251
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the genetic relationships among seven west African goat breeds : Casamance Goat (Kolda, Senegal), Labe Goat (Fouta Djallon, Guinea), three Sahel Goat (Djoloff, Senegal ; Maradi, Niger; Gorgol, Mauritania) red Sokoto Goat (Maradi, Niger) and Guera goat (Atar, Mauritania).The polymorphism of six microsatellites and the ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein locus was analysed. The six microsatellite loci were polymorphic with a mean number of alleles ranging from 2.71 to 4.0. At the ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein locus, A and B were the most frequent alleles, which are known to be associated with a high level of protein synthesis. A neighbour-joining tree and a Principal Component Analysis were performed and the reliability of both methods was tested. Our study shows that the genetic relationships among the breeds analysed correspond to their geographical distribution and in addition, that the Labe Goat is strongly separated from the other breeds. Among the seven markers used, four have an effect on the distribution of breeds while three seem to be non-informative.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.34-37
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• 2001

As the integrated circuit device shrinks to smaller dimensions, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was required for the global planarization of inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer with free-defect. However, as the inter-metal dielectrics (IMD) layer gets thinner, micro-scratches are becoming as major defects. Micro-scratches are generated by agglomerated slurry, solidified and attached slurry in pipe line of slurry supply system. To prevent agglomerated slurry particle from inflow, we installed 0.5${\mu}m$ POU (point of use) filter, which is depth-type filter and has 80% filtering efficiency for the $1.0{\mu}m$ size particle. In this paper, we studied the relationship between defect generation and pad count to understand the exact efficiency of the slurry filtration, and to find out the appropriate pad usage. Our preliminary results showed that it is impossible to prevent defect-causing particles perfectly through the depth-type filter. Thus, we suggest that it is necessary to optimize the flow rate of slurry to overcome depth type filters weak-point, and to install the high spray of de-ionized Water (DIW) with high pressure.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study is to test whether VOT values of the Korean plain stops in intervocalic position are encoded differently by individual speakers. In Scobbie (2006), the VOT values to the /p/-/b/ voicing contrast in Shetland Isles English were found to demonstrate a high degree of inter-speaker variation. More importantly such variation was not arbitrary: first, there was an inverse relationship between the amount of prevoicing for /b/ and the duration of aspiration for /p/. Second, the inter-speaker variation was shown to be similar between the subjects and their parents. These results suggest that the phonetic targets for VOT are specified in fine detail by speakers. The present study further explores this issue in terms of testing 1) whether the likelihood and the amount of voicing for the intervocalic plain stops in Korean show inter-speaker variation; 2) whether the likelihood and the exact amount of voicing for the intervocalic plain stops in Korean are closely related to the amount of aspiration for the Korean intervocalic aspirated stops. The results of the study suggest that the voicing of intervocalic plain stops in Korean varied according to the individual speakers, but it did not seem to be directly interrelated with the amount of aspiration of the aspirated stop sin the same phonological position.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2004

The Hertzian indentation contact damage behavior of porous alumina with controlled pore shape was investigated by experiments. Porous alumina ceramics containing well-defined pore shape, size and distribution were prepared by incorporation of fugitive spherical starch. Porous alumina with isolated pore structure was prepared with porosity range up to 30%. The indentation stress-strain curves of porous alumina were constructed. Elastic modulus and yield stress can be obtained from the stress-strain relationship. Impulse excitation method for the measurement of elastic modulus was also conducted as well as Hertzian indentation and was confirmed as a useful tool to evaluate the elasticity of highly porous ceramics. Elastic modulus of the inter-connected pore structure is more sensitive to porosity than that of the isolated pore structure. When the specimen had isolated pore structure, higher yield point was obtained than it had inter-connected pore structure. This study proposed that the elastic modiulus of porous ceramics is strongly related to not only porosity, but also the structure of pore.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.133-141
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• 2010

Contents adaptation is a technology which converts one content to another content used in various devices. Specially, synchronization of inter-media which are included in a document is needed. There are various proposals and solutions for synchronization of inter-media. In the paper, I present "TATS : Temporal Aggregate Tree Strategy" model, which is used for specifying the temporal relationship among media in series of time. In the TATS model, aggregate tree, a sort of a binary tree, is generated from the execution time of those media. Using this aggregate tree, I implemented the inter-media synchronizations.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 2015

Supply chain management (SCM) aims to provide the coordination and execution of planning and decision-making in multi organization-wide production and distribution. The advancement of information technology and the globalization of market promote SCM integration. Information sharing has become a major driver of competitive advantage in SCM. In this research, we aim to analyze the influence of SCM integration on firm performance and the role of information sharing between SCM integration and firm performance. Of the 750 questionnaires posted, a total of 218 questionnaires were collected after one follow-up. A total of 199 questionnaires were analyzed after 19 questionnaires were eliminated due to largely missing values. We used structural equation modeling technique to validate the causal relationship between SCM integration, information sharing, and firm performance. The results suggest that improved SCM integration both within the focal company (intra-organization) and across companies (inter-organization) enhances firm performance positively. Information sharing acts as a mediator between the SCM integration and the firm performance. Intra-organization SCM integration is positively related to inter-organization SCM integration, namely, SCM integration with suppliers and customers. The results suggest that internal integration of SCM significantly influences external integration with customers and suppliers. The result also shows that supply chain integration has a positive influence on firm performance and information sharing positively impacts firm performance as well.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2020

Mulberry (Morus spp. family: Moraceae) has prime importance in the sericulture industry, and its foliage is the only natural feed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Traditional classification methods using morphological traits were largely unsuccessful in assessing the diversity and relationships among different mulberry species because of environmental influences on the traits of interest. For these reasons, it is difficult to differentiate between the varieties and cultivars of Morus spp. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 48 mulberry samples genotyped using nine ISSR primers. The ISSR markers exhibited polymorphisms (53.2%) among mulberry genotypes. Furthermore, similarity coefficient estimated for these ISSR markers was found to vary between 0.67 and 0.99 for the combined pooled data. The phenogram drawn using the UPGMA cluster method based on combined pooled data of the ISSR markers divided the 48 mulberry genotypes into seven major groups. No genetic association was found in the collection area, and there was a mixed pattern between the mulberry lines. The hybridization between different mulberry species is highly likely to be homogenized due to natural hybridization.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

People receive support from others to solve problems that are difficult to solve on their own. During service encounters, customers also receive help from other customers. Inter-customer helping is a type of Customer Citizenship Behavior (CCB), which has become more prevalent with increased use of self-service technologies (SSTs). However, not all helps are created equal. The current research investigates the effects of the two types of help, autonomy- and dependency-oriented help during service encounters. Autonomy-oriented help refers to a partial hint to the problem, whereas dependency-oriented help refers to the full solution to the problem. Through experimental studies, we provide evidence that depending on the types of help received during service encounters, customers show different levels of satisfaction toward the firm. The results from Studies 1A and 1B show that autonomy- (vs. dependency-) oriented help leads to higher customer satisfaction. In addition, the current research demonstrates the mechanism for such effect. The results from Study 2 show that the relationship between the types of help and customer satisfaction is mediated by instrumentality and anxiety, which represent cognitive and affective paths respectively.

• IE interfaces
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2012

In modern society, the importance of inter-enterprise collaboration on supply chain is more emphasizing, depending on the industrial structure is going advanced. Therefore, the studies for advancement of inter-enterprise collaboration are taking, and especially the studies about how IT systems affect those advancement are taking. However, there are a shortage of recognition to each IT systems on B2B collaboration, additionally there is not much study of its application. In this study, we analyze the Performance Model relationship between the level and the importance of IT system for B2B collaboration in small and medium-sized enterprise, and draw a priority order for improvement of IT systems for its effective practical use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 1997

This paper proposes a new algorithm for recognizing polyhedral objects using a single 2-D image. It is base don a new representation scheme having two level hierarchey. In the lower level, geometrical features of each primitive surface are represented using their signatures and the variation of signature due to rotation is represented suing the rotation map. In the higher level, topological features are represented in the inter-surface description table(SDT). Based on the proposed representaton scheme, loer level database searched to find a matching primitive surface. The srotation map determines the degree of rotation as well as the matchness. If all surfaces in a test object find their matching primitive surfaces, its structural information is compared with the SDTs of object models. If primitive surfaces of a test object equal to tha tof certain model and satisfy inter-surfaces relationship in SDT, a test object is recognized as the model.