• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2014

Sexual dimorphism in intelligence suggests that this phenotype is a sexually selected trait. This view is supported by an overrepresentation (compared to the autosomal genome) of genes affecting cognition on the X chromosome. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that sexual selection can explain sex and country-level differences in performance on tests of fluid intelligence. Nationally representative samples from N = 44 countries were obtained from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Creative Problem Solving (CPS), which evaluates the core of intelligence, that is novel problem solving ability. Sexual selection has the double effect of increasing the prevalence of a favored phenotype and reducing genetic variation in sexually selected traits. Matching these predictions from evolutionary theory, the average country fluid intelligence is positively correlated to sexual dimorphism after partialling out per capita GDP and the latter in turn is inversely correlated to variance in intelligence scores within populations. Males have a higher variance than females but there is a negative correlation between male-female difference in variance and sexual dimorphism in intelligence, suggesting that selection reduces variance more in the selected sex. Average country male height is negatively correlated to sexual dimorphism in intelligence, a fact that supports the notion of a trade-off between physical and intellectual competition in the context of access to females. The results of this study, if replicated, imply that genome-wide association studies of cognition may benefit from a focus on sex chromosomes, which so far have been neglected. Another implication of this study is that intelligence has continued to evolve after different human populations migrated out of Africa and possibly up to the 19th century, as suggested by the substantial variability in sex differences even between neighbouring countries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.164-169
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• 1998

Complex "lifelike" behaviors are composed of local interactions of individuals under fundamental rules of artificial life. In this paper, fundamental rules for cooperative group behaviors, "flocking" and "arrangement", of multiple autonomous mobile robots are represented by a small number of fuzzy rules. Fuzzy rules in Sugeno type and their related paramenters are automatically generated from clustering input-output data obtained from the algorithms the group behaviors. Simulations demonstrate the fuzzy rules successfully realize group intelligence of mobile robots.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

The study is to identify the factors influencing Chinese consumers' intentions to purchase organic food based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. This research concentrates on the moderating effect of gender during the process. An offline investigation was used for the research purpose. Data for the study was gathered from February to March 2018. The total of 260 valid responses was used for this analysis. An online questionnaire was distributed through Email to Chinese consumers living in major cities of China and abroad to collect the data. Multi group analysis and model comparison were conducted to examine the moderating effect of gender. Our results support previous researches suggesting that gender moderates the relationship between attitude and behavioral intention. However, surprisingly, no significant moderating effect of gender on the relationship between subjective norms and behavioral intention was found. This paper revisited TPB antecedents and the moderating effect of gender focusing on Chinese organic food markets. The findings provide essential managerial implications to the marketers in this industry. Further research could examine whether TPB model can be applied to other potential purchasing groups.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2016

Recently various types of cyber attacks have occurred. The strategic goals & tactical means of these have evolved. Especially KHNP cyber attack was the type of hacktivism combined hack and psychological warfare. The cyber attackers have forecd the nation to participate in the cyber warfare and the government to make strategic decisions to the releases of confidential information and the threats of stopping KHNP. In this paper, we would like to study the effective strategic decision-making model utilizing the game theory and including an attack intelligence on open policy Decision framework.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

In this paper, it is to identify the effects of differences in interpretation levels depending on the type of brand association and the brain psychological distance on the evaluation of the product of that brand through two experiments. To test our hypotheses empirically, we conducted online survey. We addressed the hypotheses involving the general and relative impact of actual and ideal self-congruence on emotional brand attachment (H1) and explored the effect of product involvement as the moderating variable (H1-1 and H1-2). The goal of this research was to validate the results from involving our basic model and to explore the impact of two additional moderating variables (self-esteem and public self-consciousness: H2). We followed the same procedure. This finding is theoretical to the extent of the interpretation level theory in brand association research by applying the interpretation level theory to the brand association, and provides the meaning that, in practice, it is necessary to utilize the message of different types of brain psychological distance depending on the brand association characteristics that the brand has in defining the brand. In particular, it was confirmed that functional brand associations and symbolic brand annals have representational harmonization, respectively, depending on the low and high levels of interpretation levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.385-391
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• 2008

Robotics has emerged as an important field for the future. It is our vision that robots in future will be able to transcend these precincts and work side by side humans for the greater good of mankind. We developed a face robot for this purpose. However, Life like robots demands a certain level of intelligence. Some scientists have proposed an event based learning approach, in which the robot can be taken as a small child and through learning from surrounding entities develops its own personality. In fact some scientists have proposed an entire new personality of the robot itself in which robot can have its own internal states, intentions, beliefs, desires and feelings. Our approach should not only be to develop a robot personality model but also to understand human behavior and incorporate it into the robot model. Human's personality is very complex and rests on many factors like its physical surrounding, its social surrounding, and internal states and beliefs etc. This paper discusses the development of this platform to evaluate this and develop a standard by a society based approach including the cultural paradigm. For this purpose the fuzzy control theory is used. Since the fuzzy theory is very near human analytical thinking it provides a very good platform to develop such a model.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.73-87
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to clarify the continuous usage intention of artificial intelligence products and services. In this study, we try to define the artificial intelligence quality and preference on the online job information platform and investigate the effect of artificial intelligence on continues usage intention. A survey of artificial intelligence users was conducted and recalled 184. The empirical analysis shows that the artificial intelligence quality and preference have a positive effect on satisfaction, and that the satisfaction has significant effect on the intention of continuing use. but the artificial intelligence quality does not significantly affect the intention of continuing use. These results are expected to provide useful guidelines for artificial intelligence technology products or services in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nutrition education on elementary school students based on the theory of multiplex intelligence. Of the 56 elementary school students that participated in this survey, 37 (66.0%) had no siblings. The number of students whose mothers had jobs and those whose mothers did not work were 37 (67.9%) and 18 (32.1%), respectively. Food consumption with ordinary diets was normal in 23 students (41.1%) and the average frequency of snack intake and eating-out was determined to be twice a day (41 students, 73.2%) and once or twice per week (36 students, 64.3%), respectively. The most popular type of food consumed when eating-out was 'fast foods' in 28 students (50.0%). It was determined that on average, 39 students (69.6%) snacked between lunch and dinner time and 31 (55.4%) selected snacks based on information obtained through 'mass media'. Analysis of the effects of nutrition education revealed an increase in the number of correct answers to the question 'foods with high nutritional value are high calorie foods,' with significant difference, but not in other questionnaires. In addition, the correct information for calcium (p<.05), good dietary habits (p<.001), food poisoning (p<.05), and six groups of nutrients in foods (p<.001) improved after nutrition education, with significant differences. As a result, the ratio of correct answers increased after nutrition education, with a significant difference (p<.001). After the education, the experimental group had a higher total score than the control group, with significant difference (p<.01).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 1999

The intelligence is the capacity to recognize the things and implies the meaning of abstract thought, learning and adaptability to the circumstance. Recently, as the promotion of learning ablility and memory attracts many people's attention, many studies of this have been accomplished but the pharmacological methods could not promote the intelligence and memory. In oriental medical theory, the human body is composed of four elements - essence, energy, sprit, blood and among these elements, sprit is considered as the concept of vital energy and mind. Especially, from the Jang-Fu physiological point of view, the memory is closly related with the heart and kidney In oriental medicine, some experiments on animal and literature studies on the subject of memory promotion have done. But because of difference in memory mechanism between man and animal, it is not in reason to apply the result of experiment on animal to human. Therefore I have methodological study of memory promotion to set up the concept of oriental medicine and experimental theory about this and can obtain such conclusion. 1. The oriental medical therapy for memory promotion is following. nourishing the heart and blood, regulating the function of spleen, relieving the mental stress, reinforcing the heart and kidney, invigorating and enriching the blood. 2. The insufficient intelligence in a child is considered to not be full and in an old man, it is considered to decline by degrees. 3. It is needed to molecular biological study of neurotransmitter after the using of oriental medical therapy. 4. It is possible to study using the genetic mutation or observing the collateral of brain nerve cell.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.129
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• pp.141-166
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• 2014

Xìng $sh{\grave{a}}n$(性善) theory of Mencius combined xìng(性) that means physical characteristic of human together $sh{\grave{a}}n$(善) that means moral value or moral behavior. Therefore in other to verify the meaning of xìng $sh{\grave{a}}n$(性善) we need to analysis human nature in Psychology and moral norm in Ethics simultaneously. And that necessity justified Moral Psychological approach to xìng $sh{\grave{a}}n$(性善). Mencius combined a priori morality and a priori moral norm and asserted xìng $sh{\grave{a}}n$(性善). And than he presented an example for a basis or a clue of mora norm and explained grounds of moral behavior. But various theory Moral Psychology considered morality as an attachment or derivation of human nature. So another new Moral Psychology is needed to investigate Mencius Xìng $sh{\grave{a}}n$(性善) theory in a viewpoint of Moral Psychology. And than that must managed morality and moral norm as essential problems firstly. That because Mencius considered human as a moral subjectivity and seek the clue or basis morality and moral norm in human nature. And secondly that must managed moral intelligence as a emotional intelligence, because of $li{\acute{a}}ng$ $n{\acute{e}}ng$(良能) $li{\acute{a}}ng$ zhī(良知) of Mencius meaned moral intelligence which was derived from blood tied and moral emotion.