A selective withdrawal method has been widely used to control the quality of water released from a stratified reservoir and to improve downstream ecosystem habitats. Recently, several existing reservoir withdrawal facilities have been modified to accommodate multi-level water intake capabilities in order to adapt the impact of long-term discharge of high turbidity flow. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of selective withdrawal method on the control of downstream turbidity and its impact on water quality in Daecheong Reservoir. A laterally integrated two-dimensional hydrodynamic and eutrophication model, which was calibrated and validated in the previous studies, was applied to simulate the temporal variations of outflow turbidity with various hypothetical selective withdrawal scenarios. In addition, their impacts on the algal growth as well as water quality constituents were analyzed in three different spatial domains of the reservoir The results showed that the costly selective withdrawal method would provide very limited benefits for downstream turbidity control during two years of consecutive simulations for 2004-2005. In particular, an excessive withdrawal from the epilimnion zone for supplying upper layer clean water resulted in movement of turbidity plume that contained high phosphorus concentrations upward photic zone, and in turn increased algal growth in the lacustrine zone.
The BIM design is expected to expand to the domestic and overseas construction industries, depending on the effect of construction productivity and quality improvement. However, with the obligation of Public Procurement Service to design the BIM design, it includes a design error and the problem of utilization of 3D design by choosing a simple 2D to 3D remodelling method that can not be modelled in 3D modeling or use of the construction and maintenance phases. The results reviewed by BIM design results were largely underutilized and were not even performed with the verification of the error. In order to resolve this, one must develop the check system that secures the quality of BIM design and ensure that the reliability of BIM results are available. In this study, it is designed to develop a program that can automatically verify the design of the BIM design results such as violation of the rules of the BIM design, design flaws, and improve the usability of the BIM design. In particular, this programs were developed not only to identify programmes that were not commercially available, but also to validate drawings in low-light computer environments. The developed program(LH-BIM) store the information of attribute extracted from the Revit file(ArchiCAD, IFC file included) in the integrated DB. This provides the ability to freely lookup the features and properties of drawings delivered exclusively by the LH-BIM Program without using the Revit tools. By doing so, it was possible to resolve the difficulties of using traditional commercial programs and to ensure that they operate only with traditional PC performance. Further, the results of the various BIM software can be readily validated, which can be solved the conversion process error of IFC in the case of SMC. Additionally, the developed program has the ability to automatically check the error and design criteria of the drawings, as well as the ability to calculate the area estimation. These functions allow businesses to apply simple and easy tasks to operate tasks of BIM modelling. The developed system(LH-BIM) carried out a verification test by reviewing the review of the BIM Design model of the Korea Land & Housing Corporation. It is hoped that the verification system will not only be able to achieve the Quality of BIM design, but also contribute to the expansion of BIM and future construction BIM.
Kim, Min-Su;Lee, Young-Hee;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Kim, Hong-Sung;Lim, Tae-Hoon;Moon, Il
Membrane Journal
/
v.20
no.1
/
pp.29-39
/
2010
This study focuses on the modeling of DMFC to predict the characteristics and to improve its performance. This modeling requires deep understanding of the design and operating parameters that influence on the cell potential. Furthermore, the knowledge with reference to electrochemistry, transport phenomena and fluid dynamics should be employed for the duration of mathematical description of the given process. Considering the fact that MEA is the nucleus of DMFC, special attention was made to the development of mathematical model of MEA. Multiscale modeling is comprised of process modeling as well as a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The CFD packages and process simulation tools are used in simulating the steady-state process. The process simulation tool calculates theelectrochemical kinetics as well as the change of fractions, and at the same time, CFD calculates various balance equations. The integrated simulation with multiscal modeling explains experimental observations of transparent DMFC.
This paper compares the two most widely used seasonal adjustment methods: the X-12-ARIMA and TRAMO-SEATS procedures. The basic features of these methods are discussed and compared in both their theoretical and empirical aspects. In doing so, the X-13A-S program is used to reevaluate their applicability to Korean macroeconomic data by considering possible structural breaks in the series. The finding is that both methods provide very reliable and stable estimates of seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted data. As for the empirical comparisons, TRAMO-SEATS appears to outperform X-12-ARIMA, although the results are somewhat mixed depending on the comparison criteria used and on the series under analysis. In particular, the performance of TRAMO-SEATS turns out to compare more favorably when seasonal adjustment is carried out to each sub-samples (by taking possible structural breaks into account) than when the whole sample period is used. The result suggests that as the model-based TRAMO-SEATS has a considerable theoretical appeal, some features of TRAMO-SEATS should further be incorporated into X-12-ARIMA until a standard and integrated procedure is reached by combining the theoretical coherence of TRAMO-SEATS and the empirical usefulness of X-12-ARIMA.
It is hard to understand the coexistence of giftedness and disorder in an individual, but the twice-exceptional is widely recognized now. Gifted autistic spectrum disorder is one of its subtypes in which giftedness exists with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) simultaneously. Like other constructs including giftedness, the nature of gifted ASD has not been understood in a fundamental and wholistic manner. This paper suggests a cognitive mechanism of gifted ASD based on the integrated model of human abilities(Song, 2009; Song & Porath, 2005), which explains how giftedness coexists with ASD and interacts with each other, producing the characteristics of gifted individuals with ASD. According to the suggested mechanism, the excessive growth of mental spaces in the brain may cause ASD. The over-grown mental spaces result in excessively strong short-term sensory memory and better facility of processing, promoting internal cognitive activities on one hand, but relative lack of cognitive activities in the real world space results in ASD symptoms on the other hand. The cognitive structure of gifted ASD students also contributes to the presentation of giftedness in specific domains. This study suggests that gifted individuals with ASD need to be discouraged from fully engaging in domains they are interested in or the most confident of, rather to be encouraged to invest their giftedness to overcome their ASD symptoms. This study also provides new perspectives on theoretical and educational approaches for gifted ASD.
Undifferentiated mesencymal stem cells(UMSCs) have been thought to be multipotent cells that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate into lineages of mesenchymal tissue including the bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. It can be used to sinus lifting, Guided bone regeneration, other bone graft in dental part. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of mesencymal stem cells on sinus augmentation with autogenous bone, fibrin glue mixture in a rabbit model. 8 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups based on their time of sacrifice(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks). First, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from iliac crest marrow of rabbits and expanded in vitro. cell culture was performed in accordance with the technique described by Tsutsumi et al. In the present study, The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and the bone formation ability of each sides was evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and histomorphologically. According to the histological observations, Stem cell group showed integrated graft bone with host bone from sinus wall. At 2 and 4weeks, It showed active newly formed bone and neovascularization. At 8 weeks, lamella bone was observed in sinus graft material area. Radiologically, autobone with stem cell showed more radiopaque than autobone without stemcell. there were significant differences in bone volume between 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05). In summary, the autobone with stem cells had well-formed, newly formed bone and neovasculization, compared with the autobone without stem cells (esp. 2 weeks and 4 weeks) The findings of this experimental study indicate that the use of a mixture of mesenchymal stem cell yielded good results in osteogenesis and bone volume comparable with that achieved by autogenous bone. Therefore, this application of this promising new sinus floor elevation method for implants with tissue engineering technology deserves further study.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.19
no.3
/
pp.325-336
/
2018
This study was conducted to explore the latest trends in domestic research related to career development for nurses and present a theoretical approach and practical direction of career related papers in the field of nursing and health care. The subject of the study was articles regarding career development of nurses published in domestic journals from 2008 to 2017. The final 29 papers were found after searching the RISS and KISS databases for 'nursing', 'nurse', 'career', 'career development', 'career development program', and 'career management.' To analyze the overall trends, the analysis was reviewed by year, source, research design, and subjects, and content analysis was used to identify trends by topic. The results of content analysis were divided into career development and career development results as the upper categories. The subcategories of career development were divided into organizational career management, personal career management, and career performance. The subcategories of personal career management consisted of career exploration, career planning, career plateau, and career interruption. Organizational career management consisted of CLS development and application, CLS awareness survey, and career development model building. Career performance consisted of career commitment, organizational commitment, turnover intention, change after CLS application, career satisfaction, and career withdrawal intention. The most frequently discussed topics were career commitment among career performance. Therefore, the direction of nursing research related to career development requires integrated research that meets personal and organizational needs, and diversity in subject, research design and research theme is required.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.21
no.11
/
pp.884-891
/
2020
The collapse of bridges can cause massive casualties and economic losses. Therefore, it is thus essential to evaluate the structural safety of bridges. For this task, structural reliability analysis, considering various bridge-related uncertainty factors, is often used. This paper proposes a new computational platform to perform structural reliability analysis for bridges and evaluate their structural safety under various loading conditions. For this purpose, a software package of reliability analysis, Finite Element Reliability Using MATLAB (FERUM), was integrated with MIDAS/CIVIL, which is a widely-used commercial software package specialized for bridges. Furthermore, a graphical user interface (GUI) control module has been added to FERUM to overcome the limitations of software operation. In this study, the proposed platform was applied to a simple frame structure, and the analysis results of the FORM (First-Order Reliability Method) and MCS (Monte Carlo simulation), which are representative reliability analysis methods, were compared. The proposed platform was verified by confirming that the calculated failure probability difference was less than 5%. In addition, the structural safety of a pre-stressed concrete (PSC) bridge was evaluated considering the KL-510 vehicle model. The proposed new structural reliability analysis platform is expected to enable an effective reliability-based safety evaluation of bridges.
In this paper, we propose a collaboration method of diverse agents each others in multi-agent model and describe a node migration algorithm of Mobile-Agent (MA) using by the metadata of Naming-Agent (NA). Collaboration work of multi-agent assures stability of agent system and provides reliability of information retrieval on the distributed environment. NA, an important part of multi-agent, identifies each agents and series the unique name of each agents, and each agent references the specified object using by its name. Also, NA integrates and manages naming service by agents classification such as Client-Push-Agent (CPA), Server-Push-Agent (SPA), and System-Monitoring-Agent (SMA) based on its characteristic. And, NA provides the location list of mobile nodes to specified MA. Therefore, when MA does move through the nodes, it is needed to improve the efficiency of node migration by specified priority according to hit_count, hit_ratio, node processing and network traffic time. Therefore, in this paper, for the integrated naming service, we design Naming Agent and show the structure of metadata which constructed with fields such as hit_count, hit_ratio, total_count of documents, and so on. And, this paper presents the flow of creation and updating of metadata and the method of node migration with hit_count through the collaboration of multi-agent.
The trend of R&D in automotive electronics industry is shifting towards ECU(Electronic Control Units) based on softwares which requires technology convergence to accommodate customers' requests on safety and convenience. The trend requires systemized R&D paradigm which reflects increased role of softwares. As the softwares became the core components in automotive innovation, there has been wide range of efforts to introduce software R&D processes and methodologies such as CMMI, A-SPICE and ISO-26262 etc. However, R&D departments in the industry fields are confronted with conflicts which arise from discrepancies among the individual process. In this study, we focus on suggesting our integrated and systematic R&D process with the aim of alleviating the conflicts and confusions. For this purpose, we analyze the cases of Korean automotive electronics companies to compare various R&D processes in the field and their relationships. Based on the analysis, we derive and suggest our model of R&D process which effectively integrate ISO/TS-16949 for manufacturing quality and CMMI, A-SPICE, ISO-26262 for system with softwares.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.