• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2017

Subsidies are an instrumental policy making tool for many governments, but their importance depends on the market situation of the national economy. Efficient subsidy implementation would allow the government to correct market failure thereby aligning social and private costs and benefit. The general objective of this study is to justify the need to rationalise subsidies for food items such as flour. This study assessed the structure and conducts of the general purpose flour market in Malaysia; and analysed the impact of subsidies on market performance to recommend policies to increase market efficiency under the subsidy rationalisation program. To accomplish these objectives, the study adopted a microeconomics market analysis as well as the standard structure and performance analysis method. These two approaches showed the characteristics of an industry's consumer behaviour, competition, as well as the efficiency associated with government regulatory policies on the flour industry. One of the biggest influences on the domestic market is related to the food consumption behaviour of the general population. Food consumption behaviour reflects global trends. As income rises, food trends tend to be consumed in processed form or in such a way that adds value in another manner such as the preparation of food products.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.395-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of parent-child relationship perceived by university students on value of marriage and partner selection criteria. Questionnaires were distributed to 467 university students with questions covering topics including general personal information and characteristics, parent-child relationship, value of marriage and partner selection criteria. To analysis the data, t-test, ANOVA, and two step cluster analysis was used. The female group A with passive parent-child relationship had high level of negative value of marriage, male group D with active parent-child relationship had high level of romantic and instrumental value of marriage. The male and female passive group considered external condition as a partner selection criteria more than male and female active group does. As a partner selection criteria, passive male group recognized internal condition more than passive and active female group does. and active female group recognized situational condition more than passive male group does. This study reveals that university students' parent-child relationship does have an effect on their value of marriage and partner selection criteria. It is therefore proposed that diversify objectives and education content of family life education should relate not only to individuals' value of marriage but also to their parent-child relationship.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2006

The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and their ecosystems is a monumental landmark in the history of Ocean Sciences. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are scattered along the global mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins. Under sea volcanic phenomena related to underlying magma activities along mid-ocean ridges generate extreme habitats for highly specialized communities of animals. Multidisciplinary research efforts during past three decades since the first discovery of hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift in 1977 revealed fundamental components of physiology, ecology, and evolution of specialized vent communities of micro and macro fauna. Heterogeneous regional geological settings and tectonic plate history have been considered as important geophysical and evolutionary factors for current patterns of taxonomic composition and distribution of vent faunas among venting sites in the World Ocean basins. It was found that these communities are based on primary production of chemosynthetic bacteria which directly utilize reduced compounds, mostly $H_2S$ and $CH_4$, mixed in vent fluids. Symbioses between these bacteria and their hosts, vent invertebrates, are foundation of the vent ecosystem. Gene flow and population genetic studies in parallel with larval biology began to unveil hidden dispersal barrier under deep sea as well as various dispersal characteristics cross taxa. Comparative molecular phylogenetics of vent animals revealed that vent faunas are closely related to those of cold-water seeps in general. In perspective additional interesting discoveries are anticipated particularly with further refined and expanded studies aided by new instrumental technologies.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Because of the inevitable uncertainties such as structural parameters, external excitations and measurement noises, the effects of uncertainties should be taken into consideration in structural damage detection. In this paper, two probabilistic structural damage detection approaches are proposed to account for the underlying uncertainties in structural parameters and external excitation. The first approach adopts the statistical moment-based structural damage detection (SMBDD) algorithm together with the sensitivity analysis of the damage vector to the uncertain parameters. The approach takes the advantage of the strength SMBDD, so it is robust to measurement noise. However, it requests the number of measured responses is not less than that of unknown structural parameters. To reduce the number of measurements requested by the SMBDD algorithm, another probabilistic structural damage detection approach is proposed. It is based on the integration of structural damage detection using temporal moments in each time segment of measured response time history with the sensitivity analysis of the damage vector to the uncertain parameters. In both approaches, probability distribution of damage vector is estimated from those of uncertain parameters based on stochastic finite element model updating and probabilistic propagation. By comparing the two probability distribution characteristics for the undamaged and damaged models, probability of damage existence and damage extent at structural element level can be detected. Some numerical examples are used to demonstrate the performances of the two proposed approaches, respectively.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

The need of heavy and unconventional crude oil as an energy source is increasing day by day, so does the importance of petroleomics: the pursuit of detailed knowledge of heavy crude oil. Crude oil needs techniques with ultra-high resolving capabilities to resolve its complex characteristics. Therefore, ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry represented by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been successfully applied to the study of heavy and unconventional crude oils. The analysis of crude oil with high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has pushed analysis to the limits of instrumental and methodological capabilities. Each high-resolution mass spectrum of crude oil may routinely contain over 50,000 peaks. To visualize and effectively study the large amount of data sets is not trivial. Therefore, data processing and visualization methods such as Kendrick mass defect and van Krevelen analyses and statistical analyses have played an important role. In this regard, it will not be an overstatement to say that the success of FT-ICR MS to the study of crude oil has been critically dependent on data processing methods. Therefore, this review offers introduction to peotroleomic data interpretation methods.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the relationship among resilience, coping mechanism, social support and family strengths and to explore the predictors for school adolescents' resilience. Method: The subjects of this study were 296 high school adolescents residing in two urban area in Korea. The subjects completed self-report questionnaires measuring Resilience(Jew, et al., 1997), Coping Mechanism(Carver, et al., 1989), Social Support(Lee, 1997) and Family Strengths(Olson 1982). Results: Socio-demographic characteristics of school adolescents influencing resilience, coping mechanism, social support and family strengths were revealed. The results showed that resilience, problem-focused coping, social support and family strengths were correlated positively and self-esteem support, problem-focused coping, sibling's and mother's help, and instrumental support were the predictors of resilience of school adolescents. Conclusion: We found out the specific attributes of individual, social and family factors which predict resilience for school adolescents. These results may suggest further studies to investigate the relationship between stress and resilience, find out other predictors of resilience for Korean school adolescents, examine whether protective factors for adolescents' problem behaviors influence similarly on resilience.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2017

Most of high performance fabrics for the car racing protective clothing have been developed to have thermal resistance, flame retardant property, impact resistance and anti-frictional properties to protect the racer from the crucial accident. In this study, the meta-aramid fabric, which has inherent flame retardant, was coated with nanoparticles of SiC to enhance the impact resistance and anti-friction properties. Uniform coating of the nanoparticles onto the fabrics was obtained by using tape casting method. As the experimental parameters, size and content of the SiC nanoparticle were varied with the coating conditions of the fabric surface. The effects of the nanoparticle coating on the properties of meta-aramid fabric were examined with various instrumental analyses such as SEM, tensile strength and abrasion test.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.25-38
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• 2012

Drawing on social and cultural capital theory, the study investigates the influences of social capital and cultural capital on the academic achievement of children in out-of-home care. We collected data from 494 children living in out-of-home services, including institutional care facilities, foster care homes, and group homes. To analyze the collected data, a multiple regression analysis method was used. In addition, the IV (instrumental-variables) estimation was utilized to rule out the possibility of reverse causality. The level of children's social capital was measured through children's relationships with parents and friends, parental monitoring, etc. The level of children's cultural capital was measured by their cultural activities, such as going to museums, and playing musical instruments. Children's personal characteristics and placement history in out-of-home services were used as control variables. We found that among personal characteristic variables, self-esteem, depression and anxiety, and delinquency affected the academic achievement of the children. Cultural capital, but not social capital, positively affected the level of academic achievement of the children. Based on the study results, implications for child welfare practice were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2006

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to explore the relationships between the fear of falling and daily activities, and physical functioning of older people in community. Method: A descriptive study design was used in this study. 295 people aged over 65 and living in community participated. Data of demographic characteristics, fear of falling, activity daily living, physical functioning were collected. Result: 13.2% of the participants reported that they have falling accident last one year. 75.6% of participants reported fear of falling. 67.7% of them expressed restricting activity because of fear of falling. There were no significant relationship between fear of falling and BADL(Basic Activity Daily Living) but fear of falling and IADL(Instrumental Activity Daily Living) were related. It was also found that older people with higher fear of falling expressed more pain and uncomfortable feelings especially on their lower body and had higher scores of morbidity of neurologic diseases such as neuralgia and cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusion: There were significant relationships between fear of falling and IADL, and physical functioning on lower body, and morbidity of neurologic diseases such as neuralgia and cerebrovascular diseases.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2006

In this work, comparative studies on microstructure and mechanical properties between $Mo_2N$ and Mo-Si-N coatings were conducted. Ternary Mo-Si-N coatings were deposited on AISI D2 steel substrates by a hybrid method, where AIP technique was combined with a magnetron sputtering technique. Instrumental analyses of XRD, HRTEM, and XPS revealed that the Mo-Si-N coatings must be a composite consisting of fine $Mo_2N$ crystallites and amorphous $Si_3N_4$. The hardness value of Mo-Si-N coatings significantly increased from 22 GPa of $Mo_2N$ coatings to about 37 GPa with Si content of 10 at.% due to the refinement of $Mo_2N$ crystallites and the composite microstructure characteristics. The average friction coefficient of the Mo-Si-N coatings gradually decreased from 0.65 to 0.4 with increasing Si content up to 15 at.%. The effects of Si content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-N coatings were systematically investigated.