• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

Microorganisms have many roles in nature. They may act as decomposers that obtain nutrients from dead materials, while some are pathogens that cause diseases in animals, insects, and plants. Some are symbionts that enhance plant growth, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae and nitrogen fixation bacteria. However, roles of plant pathogens and diseases in natural ecosystems are still poorly understood. Thus, the current study addressed this deficiency by investigating possible roles of plant diseases in natural ecosystems, particularly, their positive effects on arthropod diversity. In this study, the model system was the oak tree (Quercus spp.) and the canker disease caused by Annulohypoxylon truncatum, and its effects on arthropod diversity. The oak tree site contained 44 oak trees; 31 had canker disease symptoms while 13 were disease-free. A total of 370 individual arthropods were detected at the site during the survey period. The arthropods belonged to 25 species, 17 families, and seven orders. Interestingly, the cankered trees had significantly higher biodiversity and richness compared with the canker-free trees. This study clearly demonstrated that arthropod diversity was supported by the oak tree canker disease.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2012

경남의 대표적 습지인 주남습지를 구성하는 주남저수지, 동판저수지, 산남저수지와 인근의 인공 연꽃단지에서 2010년 5월부터 10월까지 육상 곤충상을 조사하고 군집특성을 분석하였다. 네 곳에서 총 12목 85과 268종, 5,730개체가 조사되었다. 조사된 종 수는 딱정벌레목 63종, 나비목 60종, 노린재목 37종 순이었다. 총 조사된 곤충 수에 대한 목별 개체수의 비율은 딱정벌레목 25.9%, 잠자리목 22.3%, 나비목과 메뚜기목이 각각 15.4%와 12.7% 이었다. 조사 저수지별로는 주남저수지에서 175종, 동판저수지에서 197종, 산남저수지에서 154종이 조사되어 비슷한 양상을 보였으나 인공 연꽃단지에서는 86종이 조사되었다. 조사된 4곳의 곤충상을 요약하면 딱정벌레목에서는 일본잎벌레, 잠자리목에서는 고추잠자리, 나비목에서는 네발나비가 우점종이었다. 조사 전(全) 기간에 대한 종다양성 지수를 분석한 결과, 우점도 지수는 인공 연꽃단지가 0.25로 가장 높았고 주남저수지가 0.08로 가장 낮았다. 다양도 지수는 주남저수지가 4.48, 동판저수지가 4.44, 산남저수지가 4.28, 인공 연꽃단지가 3.87로 모두 높은 편이었다. 각 습지의 곤충상 유사도를 분석한 결과 주남저수지와 동판저수지의 유사도가 0.96으로 가장 높았으며, 세 곳 저수지와 인공 연꽃단지의 유사도는 0.45~0.53으로 낮은 편이었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.160-171
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• 2017

Larvae of Bradysia agrestis, an insect vector that transports plant pathogens, were sampled from geographically isolated regions in Korea to identify their cutaneous fungal and bacterial flora. Sampled areas were chosen within the distribution range of B. agrestis; each site was more than 91 km apart to ensure geographical segregation. We isolated 76 microbial (fungi and bacteria) strains (site 1, 29; site 2, 29; site 3, 18 strains) that were identified on the basis of morphological differences. Species identification was molecularly confirmed by determination of universal fungal internal transcribed spacer and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in comparison to sequences in the EzTaxon database and the NCBI GenBank database, and their phylogenetic relationships were determined. The fungal isolates belonged to 2 phyla, 5 classes, and 7 genera; bacterial species belonged to 23 genera and 32 species. Microbial diversity differed significantly among the geographical groups with respect to Margalef's richness (3.9, 3.6, and 4.5), Menhinick's index (2.65, 2.46, and 3.30), Simpson's index (0.06, 0.12, and 0.01), and Shannon's index (2.50, 2.17, and 2.58). Although the microbial genera distribution or diversity values clearly varied among geographical groups, common genera were identified in all groups, including the fungal genus Cladosporium, and the bacterial genera Bacillus and Rhodococcus. According to classic principles of co-evolutionary relationship, these genera might have a closer association with their host insect vector B. agrestis than other genera identified. Some cutaneous bacterial genera (e.g., Pseudomonas) displaying weak interdependency with insect vectors may be hazardous to agricultural environments via mechanical transmission via B. agrestis. This study provides comprehensive information regarding the cutaneous microflora of B. agrestis, which can help in the control of such pests for crop management.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2021

월동기 논과 논두렁에서 서식하고 있는 다양한 절지동물의 발생밀도를 조사하여 생물다양성에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 동력흡충기를 이용하여 논과 논두렁에서 각각 5지점씩 50×50 cm 격자 내에 있는 지표면과 식물을 흡입하여 채집하였다. 논과 논두렁에서 채집한 총개체수는 41,197개체였으며, 대부분 Collembola, Hemiptera, Diptera가 많이 채집되었다. 영농형태별 유기농법 재배지와 관행농법 재배지에서의 절지동물 출현패턴은 거의 유사하였으나 채집된 개체수는 유기농법 재배지에서 더 많았다. 종다양성지수, 종풍부도지수, 종균일도 지수는 논보다는 논두렁에서 모두 높게 나타났고, 시기별로 큰 차이를 보였는데 이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(P < 0.05).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.237-254
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• 2021

Background: Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and manage alien species that pose a risk to the environment. Moreover, 2160 alien species have been introduced in South Korea, of which 1826 animals and 334 plants are designated. The inflow of IAS can have negative effects such as ecosystem disturbance, habitat destruction, economic damage, and health damage to humans. To prevent damage caused by the inflow of IAS in advance, species that could potentially pose a risk to the environment if introduced in South Korea were designated as alert alien species (AAS). Results: The designation criteria were in accordance with the "Act on the Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity" and the "Regulations on the Ecological Risk Assessment of AAS and IAS" by the National Institute of Ecology. The analysis result of risk and damage cases indicated that mammals affect predation, competition, human economic activity, virus infection, and parasite infection. Birds have been demonstrated to affect predation, competition, human economic activity, and health. It was indicated that plants intrude on the ecosystem by competing with native species with their high-population density and capacity to multiply and cause allergic inducement. Interestingly, 300 species, including 25 mammals, 7 birds, 84 fishes, 28 amphibians, 22 reptiles, 1 insect, 32 spiders, 1 mollusk, 1 arthropod, and 99 plants, are included in the list of AAS. Conclusions: AAS designation plays a role in preventing the reduction of biodiversity by IAS in South Korea and preserving native species. Moreover, it is determined to provide considerable economic benefits by preventing socio-economic losses and ecological damage.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2017

본 연구는 2011년 환경부가 보호습지로 지정한 최초의 논습지인 상주 공검지에 서식하는 곤충의 다양성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 채집방법은 직접찾기, 쓸어잡기와 함정트랩을 이용하였으며, 2014년도 3월~11월 중에서 4회 채집하였다. 본 연구에서 총 8목 78과 205속 227종 1,327개체가 확인되었다. 이 중 딱정벌레목이 가장 풍부했고 (42.73%), 노린재목이 두 번째로 많았다(22.47%). 이 연구에서 총 다양성지수는 6.339으로 매우 높게 나타났다. 우점도지수는 0.143, 균등도는 0.810로 나타났다. 전체적으로, 종간 경쟁이 높고 군집 안정도 또한 높다. 그러므로 공검지는 안정적이고 긍정적인 환경을 가졌다고 할 수 있다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2008

Sampling of the ground beetles in four 'gotjawal' terrains of Jeju island was conducted from April to October, 2007, using pit-fall trap. Totally 2,887 individuals of 23 species belonged to 4 families were collected. The species diversity index was the highest at Aeweol gotjawal (AW), while it was the lowest in Hangyeong-Andeog gotjawal (HA). Clustering analysis revealed that the insect communities of four gotzawals were grouped in only one cluster. Jocheon-Hamdeog gotjawal (JH) formed a cluster with Gujwa-Sungsan gotjawal (GS) at the lowest chord distance (0.24). At the higher chord distance of 0.50, AW fused the cluster of JH and GS. HA fused with the rest three terrains, forming a single cluster at the highest chord distance of 0.98.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2020

During a survey of putative fungal pathogens infecting oak trees in the Gangwon Province of the Republic of Korea, a fungus resembling a Ceratocystis sp. was repeatedly isolated from natural wounds on Quercus variabilis. Morphological comparisons and DNA sequence comparisons based on partial β-tubulin and TEF-1α gene regions showed that the fungus resided in a distinct lineage. This novel Ceratocystis species is described here as C. quercicola sp. nov. This is the first novel species of Ceratocystis to be reported from Korea. A pathogenicity test showed that it can cause lesions on inoculated trees but that it had a very low level of aggressiveness. The discovery of this fungus suggests that additional taxa residing in Ceratocystis are likely to be discovered in Korea in the future.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2019

Mites in the family Veigaiidae, order Mesostigmata, subclass Acari are widely distributed in subsoil habitats. They are mostly free-living and predaceous on small arthropod eggs and larvae, and prefer habitats with rich organic matters including litter and humus layers of forest soil. The genus Veigaia Oudemans, 1905 of the family Veigaiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is one of the ubiquitous genera from the Holarctic Region. Until now, only two genera and five species of the family were recorded from Korea. Here we provide a report of the species Veigaia tibbetsi Farrier, 1957 with detailed redescription. Even though V. tibbetsi had appeared in some ecological literature, this is the first record of this species in Republic of Korea. This species was mostly found from pine forest(Pinus densiflora) of northeastern mountainous parts of the Korean Peninsula, in Gangwon and Gyeongbuk Provinces. We provided some ecological characteristics of the family Veigaiidae, which will help to further exploration of acarine biodiversity.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2023

In this paper, we present unrecorded protozoans of Korea that were discovered, through the 'Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species' project hosted by the 'National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR)'. A taxonomic account is provided for each identified species, offering comprehensive information such as species name, Korean name, collection site, synonyms, specimen vouchers, diagnoses, and figures. This study introduces 13 previously unrecorded Korean protozoan species that are classified into three phyla: Amoebozoa, Cercozoa, and Ciliophora. Notably, the cercozoan family Chlamydophryidae was recorded in Korea for the first time, together with the discovery of three previously unreported genera: Diaphoropodon within Cercozoa, and Metauroleptus and Hemicycliostyla within Ciliophora.