• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2004

Mean death time of inoculated embryonated egg is one of the methods to determine the virulence of the Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). Evaluation of tissue tropism of NDV in the host has been proposed as an another way to determine the pathogenicity of NDV based on the principal site of viral replication. To evaluate the tissue tropism among NDV, an immunohistochemistry(IHC) technique using monoclonal antibody was applied in one-day-old SPF chickens inoculated with different ND vaccine strains such as Ulster 2C, VG/GA and B1 viruses by eye drop instillation. The tissues used for this comparison were trachea, intestine, Harderian gland and cecal tonsil, which were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14 days post inoculation. Among test groups, chickens inoculated with B1 viurs, which is known to replicate in the respiratory system, have IHC positive staining mainly in the trachea and those inoculated with Ulster 2C have IHC positive staining mainly in the intestine. However, chickens inoculated with VG/GA strain have IHC positive staining in both the trachea and intestine. Therefore, a differences in tissue tropism among ND vaccine strains has been proved by the IHC technique. Based on this results, the IHC staining technique could be used to classify the NDV or to study the pathogenesis of NDV in chickens.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2014

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus, is responsible for one of the most devastating viral diseases in tomato-growing countries and is becoming a serious problem in many subtropical and tropical countries. The climate in Korea is getting warmer and developing subtropical features in response to global warming. These changes are being accompanied by TYLCV, which is now becoming a large problem in the Korean tomato industry. The most effective way to reduce damage caused by TYLCV is to breed resistant varieties of tomatoes. To accomplish this, it is necessary to establish a simple inoculation technique for the efficient evaluation of resistance to TYLCV. Here, we present the rolling circle amplification (RCA) method, which employs a bacteriophage using phi-29 DNA polymerase for construction of infectious TYLCV clones. The RCA method is simple, does not require sequence information for cloning, and is less expensive and time consuming than conventional PCR based-methods. Furthermore, RCA-based construction of an infectious clone can be very useful to other emerging and unknown geminiviruses in Korea.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1974

It is a well-known fact that an isolation of non-sporeforming anaerobes, considered normal flora in man ordinarily but causes serious infections sometimes, is a dificult procedure because of their great oxygen sensitivity. Among the many techniques employed in clinical laboratories, despite of its high expenses, the GasPak method has been most widely used because of its relative simplicity. On the other hand, the steel wool method has gained a good reputation recently. This technique makes it possible to treat individual plate so that any single specimen can be promptly cultured anaerobically. The procedure is quite simple and the expenses are negligible. In the present study it is to compare these two methods as to their efficiency of anaerobic cultivation using 13 VPI strains of non-sporeforming amaerobic bacteria. Among the 13 species the following 11, Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis, B. fragilis ss. thetaiotaomicron, propionibacterium acnes, Eubacterium limosum, E. lentum, peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Pc. prevotii, Pc. magnus, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Ps. intermedius nad Veillonella parvula, grew well with the steel wool method whose colony numbers reaching 57 to 119% of those with GasPak method. The remaining two species, Fusobacterium nucleatum and F.necrophorum, did not grow well with the steel wool method showing the colony numbers were only 0.4% of those with GasPak method in the case of Fusobacterium nucleatum. In the case of Fusobacterium necrophorum, very few colonies developed even with a heavy inoculation. As to the size of colonies, there were no significant difference between these two methods.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of hospital hygiene and infection control in hospital settings. To raise hygiene awareness among ultrasound technicians, we evaluated the hygiene status of an ultrasound room, in comparison with that of objects used in daily life. Using the swab method, the following surfaces were examined: eight surfaces in the ultrasound room including the ultrasound probes (convex, linear, sector, 3D), ultrasound track ball, ultrasound keyboard, ultrasound gel (sealed and in use) and pillow as well as four surfaces of everyday objects including subway handles, common computer keyboards, common computer mouse, and cell phones. The streak plate technique was used for inoculation into media, which was observed for the formation of bacterial colonies following incubation for 24 h. Six bacterial strains were detected from objects used in the ultrasound room, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Four strains of bacteria were detected on surfaces of everyday objects. The equipment and accessories used in an ultrasound room can act as vehicles for infecting patients. Establishment of standardized hygiene protocols and periodic training of the staff are recommended to avoid cross-infection.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

콩과식물의 뿌리혹 형성을 조절하는 신호물질의 확인을 위해 신팔달콩2호의 줄기 수액 단백질 중에서 B. japonicum USDA110의 접종 후 2.5일(DAI)에 20 kDa의 SKTI 단백질이 증가하였다가 7 DAI에는 감소되면서 6 kDa의 작은 크기의 단백질이 증가되었다. 이러한 단백질의 차등발현은 조사한 3종의 콩에서 모두 유사하게 나타났으며 특히 대원콩에서 가장 두드러졌다. Western 분석으로 7 DAI에서 증가하는 6 kDa 단백질이 SKTI 항체와 특이적 반응을 하는 것으로 확인하여 SKTI가 절단되어 생긴 펩타이드로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 20 KDa의 SKTI단백질이 콩의 뿌리혹 착생 초기단계인 2.5 DAI에 영향을 주고, 7 DAI로 진행되면서 6 kDa의 작은 크기의 단백질로 분해되어 그 양이 감소하는 것으로 생각된다. RNAi를 이용하여 유전자 기능이 억제된 형질전환된 모상근의 뿌리혹을 실제 형질전환이 확인된 모상근에 착생된 뿌리혹의 수를 비교한 결과 비재조합 A. rhizogenes을 접종시킨 대조구에 비해 SKTI RNAi 유전자를 형질전환한 모상근에서 모상근 당 착생된 뿌리혹 수가 감소되었다. 실시간 PCR 방법으로 형질전환된 모상근의 SKTI 전사체 수준에서도 상응하는 차이를 확인하였다. 이에 정확한 기작을 알 수 없지만 SKTI유전자가 뿌리혹 형성 초기에 뿌리혹 형성과정에 직간접적으로 관련하고 있음을 확인하였다. Sesbania rostrata의 뿌리혹 발생과정의 Protease 저해제와 같이 뿌리 혹 내의 감염세포 대 비감염세포의 비율을 조절하는 SKTI 발현 억제는 이러한 균형을 교란하여 뿌리혹의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

Four diazinon-degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil by using an enrichment technique. The biochemical analysis and molecular method including RFLP indicated that these isolates were identical, and one strain designated DI101 was selected for further study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the strain DI101 clearly belongs to the Serratia marcescens group. The ability of the strain to utilize diazinon as a source of carbon and phosphorus was investigated under different culture conditions. The DI101 strain was able to completely degrade 50 mg/l diazinon in MSM within 11 days with a degradation rate of 0.226 $day^{-1}$. The inoculation of sterilized soil treated with 100 mg/kg of diazinon with $10^6$ CFU/g DI101 resulted in a faster degradation rate than was recorded in non-sterilized soil. The diazinon degradation rate by DI101 was efficient at temperatures from 25 to $30^{\circ}C$ and at pHs from 7.0 to 8.0. The degradation rate of diazinon was not affected by the absence of a phosphorus supplement, and addition of other carbon sources (glucose or succinate) resulted in the slowing down of the degradation rate. The maximum degradation rate ($V_{max}$) of diazinon was 0.292 $day^{-1}$ and its saturation constant ($K_s$) was 11 mg/l, as determined by a Michaelis-Menten curve. The strain was able to degrade diethylthiophosphate-containing organophosphates such as chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, parathion, and isazofos when provided as a source of carbon and phosphorus, but not ethoprophos, cadusafos, and fenamiphos. These results propose useful information for the potential application of the DI101 strain in bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1973

1) 쇠파리의 누대 실내사육을 위한 온도는 약 $26^{\circ}C$가 좋으며, 이때 유충기간은 약 6.8일, 용기간은 5.3일, 산란전기간은 10.4일, 성충의 수명은 약 30일이었다. 2) 인공사육에 있어서 용화율은 $80.7\%$ 우화율은 $84.3\%$였으며 성비는 1 : 1이었다. 3) 용의 체중량은 약 14.5mg이었으며, Wheat bran medium 보다 Standard medium이 사육성적이 좋았다. 4) medium 125gr에 대한 난의 접종수는 약 310개가 가장 적합하였다. 5) rectangular cage를 사용할 경우, 성충의 resting place는 $2inch^2/adult$가 적합할 것으로 본다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2006

본 연구는 볏짚을 이용한 느타리버섯 균상재배를 할 때 볏짚을 결속하고 절단하는 과정에서 많은 노동시간이 소요되어 이를 개선하고자 수행되었다. 볏짚과 폐면의 이화학적 성분은 다소차이가 있으나 폐면에서 C/N율은 84~85로 볏짚과 유사하여 혼합재료로 사용이 가능하다. 양파망 규격은 $35{\times}30cm$, 볏짚과 폐면의 배합비는 40:60(V/V)으로 하였을 때 6주기기간동안 평균수량이 양파망 1개당 1.450g 이였다. 배지재료를 준비하는 기간은 양파망재배가 볏짚 재재보다 3일정도 기간을 절감할 수 있었고 접종도 4시간정도 절략되어 전체적으로 3.5일정도 시간을 절략 5%의 경제적 이득이 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1978

In order to study the growth and survival of enteric pathogens causing water-borne infections in sewage, the filter-sterilized and autoclaved sewages of Dae Gu City were inoculated with Salmonella typhimuriuim, Shigella flexneri 2a, Sh. sonnei I, Vibrio eltor and V. parahaemolyticus, as test series and Escherichia coli as control. After varying periods of incubation up to 15 days at $4^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}C$, viable cells in the inoculated sewages were counted by colony count technique. Distilled water and 0.9% saline were subjected to inoculation of the organisms was observed in the filter-sterilized and autoclaved sewages at $4^{\circ}$ and the sewages became sterile within a few days. At $15^{\circ}$, no growth and rapid inactivation of the organisms in the filter-sterilized sewage and slight or no growth in the autoclaved sewage was noted. Some viable cells were found in the autoclaved sewage after 15 days. A considerable growth was observed in the filter-sterilized and autoclayed sewages, at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$, and large numbers of viable cells were found even after 15days of incubation. In general, the autoclaved sewage supproted the growth more noticeably than the filter-sterilized, except for V.parahaemolyticus which grew well in filter-sterilized sewage. No marked difference was noted between incubations at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$, but V. parahaemolyticus showed a slightly more active growth at $25^{\circ}$ than at $37^{\circ}$. Distilled water inactivated the organisms within a few days, but saline supported the growth at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$. Marked differences were noted in the survival test of sewages pathogens of different origins.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 1995

During the period of 2 years from 1993 to 1994, epidemiological investigation were carried out each time the outbreak of rabies suspected cases were informed and all specimens were transported to the Kangwon-do Veterinary Service Lab. At the Lab., autopsy and laboratory examinations were conducted as well. The results obtained as follows 1. The dogs and cattles were confirmed to be infected with rabies virus by routine histopathological findings, indirect flulrescent antibody technique, and mouth inoculation test. 2. The total numbers of rabies occured in dogs and cattles were 9, 5 heads, respectively. The regional distribution of total of 14 heads were 9 heads in Chulwon, 2 heads in Hwachun, 1 head Yangku, 2 heads in Inje and the highest number of outbreaks were orrured in Chulwon. 3. Most of dogs showed furious type and dumb type found in only one dog. 4. Cattles showed the symtoms of uneasiness feeling, excitement, disturbance howling, the change of voice, sexual accelaration, foreign body swatting and attacked to human and ani-mal and found to be died after two or four days. 5. In the seasonal outbreaks of rabies, 8 heads of the highest incidence were occured in win-ter followed by 4 heads in autumn, 1 head in spring and 1 head in summer. 6. The first outbreaks of rabies was reported in Chulwon and then transmitted into Hwachun, Yangku and Inje in turn. 7 The infectious source was supposed to be wild animals such as laccon dog, badger etc. living around the D. M. Z.