• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2018

Objectives: Myocardial reperfusion is the only logical cure for ischemic heart disease. However, ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the underlying factors facilitating and accelerating the apoptosis in the myocardium. This study set to investigate the impact of Teucrium polium (TP) hydro-alcoholic extract on I/R induced apoptosis in the isolated rat heart. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were classified into six groups. The control samples were subjected to 80 min of perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer; in control-ischemia group, after primary perfusion (20 min) the hearts were exposed to global ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (40 min). Pretreated groups were perfused with $500{\mu}M$ of vitamin C and various TP concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 mg/ml) for 20 min, and then the hearts were exposed to ischemia and reperfusion for 20 min and 40 min, respectively. Cardiodynamic parameters including rate pressure product (RPP), heart rate (HR), the maximum up/down rate of left ventricular pressure (${\pm}dp/dt$), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary artery flow (CF) were achieved from Lab Chart software data. The Bax and BCl-2 gene expressions were measured in heart samples. Results: Hearts treated with TP extract and vit C represented a meaningful improvement in cardiac contractile function and CF. The overexpression of Bcl-2, downregulation of Bax, and improvement of apoptotic index (Bax/Bcl-2) were observed in pretreated TP extract and vit C hearts. Conclusion: The TP extract was found to ameliorate the cardiac function in the reperfused myocardium. Also, it can hinder apoptotic pathways causing cardioprotection.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2004

The discovery of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and their role to link cell surface receptors to the intracellular signaling cascades is a key step to understanding insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action. Moreover, IRS-proteins coordinate signals from the insulin and IGF receptor tyrosine kinases with those generated by proinflammatory cytokines and nutrients. The IRS2-branch of the insulin/IGF signaling cascade has an important role in both peripheral insulin response and pancreatic $\beta$-cell growth and function. Dysregulation of IRS2 signaling in mice causes the failure of compensatory hyperinsulinemia during peripheral insulin resistance. IRS protein signaling is down regulated by serine phosphorylation or protea-some-mediated degradation, which might be an important mechanism of insulin resistance during acute injury and infection, or chronic stress associated with aging or obesity. Under-standing the regulation and signaling by IRS1 and IRS2 in cell growth, metabolism and survival will reveal new strategies to prevent or cure diabetes and other metabolic diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the essence of hospital life concerning discharge from rehabilitation facility as defined by clients with complete quadriplegia. Method: This was a qualitative research using Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology. Four participants with complete quadriplegia were participated. Results: The lived experience of discharge from rehabilitation facility among clients with complete quadriplegia was structured by 10 components and was defined as a life event which those patients felt fears and worries to leave the therapeutic environment and to return to their community with various changes due to their disability. During their hospital stay, the patients with quadriplegia were concerning to prepare proper living conditions and their health conditions so that they could keep their life independent and worthy. They also cherished a hope for cure for their cervical injury even at the moment of discharge. Conclusion: This study suggests developing a discharge program which relieves the clients' emotional burden for discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facility and helps them to take an active role in preparing for returning to their daily life.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1223-1224
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• 2015

Recently, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the biggest threats to healthy society. Current medical AD diagnosis depends on interviews and the molecular neuroimaging. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. Amyloid ${\beta}$ and Tau-meditated neuronal injury and dysfunction are candidates of biomarker for AD diagnosis using blood. For highly sensitive and selective biosensor platform, interdigitated microelectrodes (IMEs) sensor was prepared with micro fabrication process and Amyloid ${\beta}$ antibody. Amyloid ${\beta}$ concentration of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 pg/mL was injected in reaction chamber with IME sensors, impedance and conductance of IMEs changed respectively. These results show our newly proposed IMEs sensor can be usefully utilized for AD early diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.807-816
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• 1995

Many kinds of methods for the psychological treatments are performed which are differentdepending on the patient's condition and the clinical character. Therefore, a great deal of good effects can be expected by the intention or knowledge of the carrer, although the patients are under the same symptom. The symptom of pain can be given different meanings considering the professional knowledge. It's the same case when the very same psychological condition can be iudged differently and the way of being treated can be variable. The physical treatment is a kind of method that cures illness or injury using all sorts of factors such as water, electricity, light, and exercises. In general, physical treatment as known to cure the physically tnjuried or the crippled. In this case, taking psychosomatic for example, I examined the idea that many kinds of physical treatments can be used in the field of psychotherapy. What's more, I suggest that the use of those methods be expanded to psychotherapy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.111-133
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• 1999

These studies were carried out to investigate the effect of Herbal-acupuncture with Inzinsammultang extract on the recovery from liver injury of rats. The liver injury of rats induced with 0.3ml/ea carbon tetrachloride. The Herbal-acupunture with Inzinsam multang extract solution inserted into corresponding focus of Kansu(BL18) in rats. In this study, SD-Rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 4 groups ; Normal group (None treated group), Control-group(The group not treated after $CCI_4$-intoxication), Treated group; Example I-group(Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication) and Example II-group(Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication). Through histological observation, Example II-group sho-ws that liver injury is weaker than Control group.(p<0.05) Biochemical assays for each serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT and LDH, levels of albumin, ${\gamma}$-GT, TG, total cholesterol were performed. The results were summarized as follows 1. AST(Aspartate aminotransferase) activity in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication. Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication showed significantly higher AST activities, compared with the Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) 2. ALT(Alanine aminotransferase) activity in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication. The Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication showed significantly higher AST activities, compared with the Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication(p<0.05) 3. Level of Albumin in serum significantly increased in the Inzinsarnmultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication. 4. LDH(Lactate dehydrogenase) activities in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) 5. ${\gamma}$-GT(Glutamyl transferase) in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication(p<0.05) 6. As for the TG(Triglyceride) levels in serum, Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication is no significant differences compared with the Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) 7. Total cholesterol in serum significantly increased in the Inzinsarnmultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) Those results indicate that the Inzinsammultang Herbal-acupuncture have significant effects on the liver injury induced by $CCl_4$. So it is expected that the Inzinsammultang Herbal-acupuncture can be used to cure inflammations and recover the functions of damaged liver cells.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2004

Purpose: To cover the exposed tendons and bones after trauma and cure the concomitant osteomyelitis in the lower extremities, gracilis muscle free flaps are frequently preferred. 32 cases of gracilis muscle free flap we had done were analysed according to the indications, specification of flap length and width, pedicle length, vessels used in the anastomosis and final healing after at least over 1 year follow up. Materials and methods: From August 1995 through November 2002, we have performed 32 cases of gracilis muscle free flap transplantation with the general microsurgical procedures in the lower extremities. Open fracture of the middle and distal tibia were 12, exposed heel 6, crushing injury in the foot 5 cases, open fracture of the ankle 4, chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia 3 and osteomyelitis of the tarsal bones 2. Tailored flap length were ranged from 16 cm to 4 cm, width were from 5cm to 4cm. Pedicle length averaged around 4 cm. Anastomosis of one artery and two veins in both of donor and recipient were performed in 17 cases and one artery and one vein in 15 cases. Results: All flaps were survived, except 2 cases. Final flap healing was satisfactory to both of the patients and microsurgeon. Conclusion: Gracilis muscle free flaps are frequently chosen to cover the exposed components and cure the osteomyelitis in the lower extremities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.38-67
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• 2003

The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water. steam. hot oil, sour and salty. It is occurred frequently in the daily life as well as oriental therapy like moxibustion therapy, physical therapy. Nevertheless, medical treatment of the burn is almost dependent on western cure. So we chose the oriental medicine textbooks and the oriental medicine journals that were dealing with the drugs, processing the drugs. peculiar treatment put first external cure. The results were as follows; 1. The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water, steam, hot oil, sour and salty. 2. The burn cause blisters, irritability and restlessness, nausea, dryness of mouth, constipation, in case of serious, coma, dyspnea and death. The early stage of the burn, blisters form by skin damage and they burst into skin ulceration from which pus issues, the latter term, the wound form scab and healed up. 3. In a light case, medical treatment of the burn was used external treatment by medicine for externalism use, in a serious case, it was used both as an internal remedy and medicine for outward application. Also in the early stage, it was careful of using the cold and cool medicine, as the process of healing, it was used alleviating pain, detoxicating, moistening the skin, growing muscle and skin, convergence, evacuating pus, regeneration of the tissue, strengthen the spleen and nourishing the stomach. 4. The external treatment medication is Herba Ephedrae Oil(麻油), Radix ET Rhizoma Rhei(大黃), Glauberitum(寒水石), Water(水), Pig OiI(猪油), Pig Fat(猪脂), Radix Angelicae Gigantis(當歸), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連), Cortex Phellodindri(黃栢). The White of an Egg(鷄子淸), Raw Honey(生蜜), Honey(蜜), Wine(酒), Etc. It is mostly the cold and cool medications. 5. Soft extracted and powered dosage form in external treatment is much used. The soft extracted form(32times used) are mostly Chung Ryang paste(淸凉膏) and Fructus Papaveris paste(罌粟膏). The powered form(30times used) are mostly Bingsang Powder(氷霜散), Bosaenggugo Powder(保生救苦散), Sahwang Powder(四黃散). The others is much a various powder adding solvent. 6. If varicella stage, erosion after varicella stage, oozing stage and extreme pain stage, the powder adding solvent is much used. If little oozing stage. ulcering stage, scabing stage and a chronic stage, Soft extracted dosage form is much used. 7. The most many(26.65%) used method is that apply each medication power mixed water(水), wine(酒), honey(蜜) in a wounded part.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.264-269
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• 2017

Prunella vulgaris, well-known traditional medicinal plant, is used for the cure of abscess, scrofula, hypertension and urinary diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The pathological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy are glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Prunella vulgaris, on diabetic glomerular injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg) and confirmed by random glucose level higher than ${\leq}300mg/dL$. The experimental rats were divided into five groups: control group (Male SD rats), STZ group (Male SD rats injected STZ), Aminoguanidine group (Male SD rats injected STZ + AG 100 mg/kg/day), Low dose group (Male SD rats injected STZ + APV 100 mg/kg/day), High dose group (Male SD rats injected STZ + APV 300 mg/kg/day). AG or APVs were administered once a day for 8 weeks. Body weight and food/water intake were measured every four weeks. At the end of study, the kidneys were collected and cut into pieces for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Our study showed that body weight and water/food intake were no significant differences between untreated STZ-induced diabetic rat and APV treated-STZ rat. However, phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smads (Smad3) was significantly decreased in APV treated-STZ rat as compared with the diabetic group. In addition, APV was improved nephrin level in kidney tissue. Therefore, we suggest that APV has a protective effect against STZ-induced diabetic glomerular injury.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.231-244
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to find educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience. The subject of the study was toddler's mother who visited one health care center in J city for immunization and had a child or children between twelve and thirty six months old. The subjects were 37 mothers. The instrument used for this study was a semi -structured questionnaire developed by researcher and based on Objective Content Test of Garretson(1967). The collected data were analized by two researchers using the method of Content Analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) Of the large categories, the need of the highest frequency was 'prevention and management of disease and injury', that of the lowest 'growth and development'. 2) In 'physical care' category, 'care of sleeping' was the highest. In 'nutrition and eating-habitual management' category, 'weaning management' was the highest. In 'prevention and management of disease and injury' category, 'disease management' was the highest. In 'discipline and teaching' category, 'discipline' was the highest. 3) In comparison with preceding references, the educational needs of child-caring which had not been shown in preceding references but had been shown in this study were hair-caring, kind of weaning diet, method of cure and nursing, man agement of deformity, and so on. In conclusion, educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience were matter-of-fact and inclusive. Needs in management of special situation such as disease were higher than usual parenting procedure or method. In addition, there were higher needs in questions happened through child-caring experience or confirmation of procedures practicing now. Then, it is suggested that parent education program should be developed on the basis of educational needs found in this study to be more effective in preparing mother's child-caring.