• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2005

Penetrating neck trauma by gunshot injury involving tracheobronchial tree is rare in Korea. Extensive tissue damage by cavitation, tissue fragmentation and shock wave transmission of high-velocity projectile along with associated organ injury renders high rate of mortality and morbidity. A 28 year old man in military service with gunshot wound in left cervical area presented initial symptoms of severe dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Computed tomography of chest and cervical region as well as bronchoscopic evaluation was performed to confirm highly suspected injury to cervical trachea. Surgical exposure was established through a low collar incision; the damaged segment of 3.5 cm length including 2-4th tracheal rings was resected out and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Bleeding from lacerated anterior jugular vein was controlled by ligation of both ends and a K2 bulllet was found upon inner border of body of first rib, medial to right carotid sheath and removed out. Cervical esophagus, carotid artery, internal jugular vein and recurrent laryngeal nerve were spared. Extubation was done on the first postoperative day and postoperative course until discharge on nineth postoperative day remained uneventful.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2017

${\alpha}$-Synuclein is abundantly expressed in neuronal tissue, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and exerts a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress. Cerebral ischemia causes severe neurological disorders and neuronal dysfunction. In this study, we examined ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemic injury and neuronal cells damaged by glutamate treatment. MCAO surgical operation was performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats, and brain samples were isolated 24 hours after MCAO. We confirmed neurological behavior deficit, infarction area, and histopathological changes following MCAO injury. A proteomic approach and Western blot analysis demonstrated a decrease in ${\alpha}$-synuclein in the cerebral cortices after MCAO injury. Moreover, glutamate treatment induced neuronal cell death and decreased ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression in a hippocampal-derived cell line in a dose-dependent manner. It is known that ${\alpha}$-synuclein regulates neuronal survival, and low levels of ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression result in cytotoxicity. Thus, these results suggest that cerebral ischemic injury leads to a reduction in ${\alpha}$-synuclein and consequently causes serious brain damage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2007

Cervicothoracic junction instability should be stabilized with the circumferential fusion. In addition, cervicothoracic junctional area should be examined carefully in acute traumatic injury not only to confirm hidden lesions but also to make the proper surgical plans. Here, three patients who underwent cervicothoracic arthrodesis at our institution are presented with a review of literature.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Operation of human-centered robot, in general, facilitates the creation of new process that may potentially harm the human operators. Design of safety-guaranteed operation of human-centered robots is, therefore, important since it determines the ultimate outcomes of operations involving safety of human operators. This study discusses the application of geometric tolerance and head injury criteria to safety assessment of human-centered robotic operations. Examples show that extending "Work Area" has more significant effect on the uncertainty in safety than extending the system range in the presence of velocity control.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2021

Various medical scenarios have arisen with the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, the increasing number of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients has prompted reports of emergency surgical experiences with these patients at regional trauma centers. In this report, we describe an example. A 25-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room after a traffic accident. The patient presented with stuporous mentality, and his vital signs were in the normal range. Lacerations were observed in the left eyebrow area and preauricular area, with hemotympanum in the right ear. Brain computed tomography showed a contusional hemorrhage in the right frontal area and an epidural hematoma in the right temporal area with a compound, comminuted fracture and depressed skull bone. Surgical treatment was planned, and the patient was intubated to prepare for surgery. A blood transfusion was prepared, and a central venous catheter was secured. The initial COVID-19 test administered upon presentation to the emergency room had a positive result, and a confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was administered. The PCR test confirmed a positive result. Emergency surgical treatment was performed because the patient's consciousness gradually deteriorated. The risk of infection was high due to the open and unclean wounds in the skull and brain. We prepared and divided the COVID-19 surgical team, including the patient's transportation team, anesthesia team, and surgical preparation team, for successful surgery without any transmission or morbidity. The patient recovered consciousness after the operation, received close monitoring, and did not show any deterioration due to COVID-19.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

이상기후에 의한 재해환경 대응 및 대책자료로 활용하고자 2003년 남부 산간고냉지를 중심으로 발생한 저온 피해에 대한 원인과 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 남부산간고냉지(운봉)의 생식생장기 평균기온은 $19.7^{\circ}C$로 평년대비 $3.1^{\circ}C$낮았고, 일조시간은 79시간으로 평년대비 49% 수준으로 경과되었으며, 냉해가 발생한 시기는 유수형성기인 6월 하순부터 감수분열기인 7월 중순까지로 이 시기의 기온이 $17^{\circ}C$이하의 저온으로 경과하여 장해영 냉해가 발생하였다. 지역별 저온 피해면적은 남원 2,723ha 순창 510ha, 진안 300ha, 장수 210ha이었으며, 이들 지역의 평균 불임율은 44%이었다. 이앙시기에 따른 불임율은 5월 20일경에 적기 이앙재배를 한 경우 $16%{\sim}58%$로, 4월 하순에 조기이앙재배시의 $29%{\sim}83%$에 비해 낮았으며, 오대벼, 운봉벼 진부벼 등의 품종이 저온피해 정도가 적었다. 따라서 냉해가 우려되는 지역에서는 기상조사 및 분석에 의한 벼 재배 작기를 고려하고, 가급적 지나친 조기 이앙을 지양하며, 내냉성이 강한 품종을 재배하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

It is well known that concentration of C-reactive protein(CRP) in the serum increase as nonspecific reaction of the various tissue injury. The CRP, synthesized in the hepatocyte, is one of 'acute phase proteins' in the serum. The main signal patterns of this protein are regulated by synthesis of interleukin-I secreted from macrophage in the area of tissue injury. Many studies were performed for quantitative analysis for CRP according to various surgical operation, but the study for fracture patients associated with trauma, especially in mandible, are rare. The mandible fracture have intrinsic danger for infection in oral bacteria associated with open wound in oral cavity, and, are difficult for detection of tissue reaction between surgical swelling and infection by facial swelling. In this study, quantitative analysis for CRP associated tissue injury in mandibular fracture and surgical intervention was done, the results were as follows: 1. After initial mandibular trauma, the value of serum CRP diminished sequentially, most high value was presented in post-traumatic 2 days. 2. The CRP was diminished significantly 2 days after surgical intervention, and maintained normal value in 5 days after surgery. 3. The change of CRP are higher value in surgical intervention than initial trauma, it suggested that tissue injury from surgery was severe than trauma. 4. The high value of CRP was obtained in mandibular fracture combined soft tissue injury than no associated soft tissue injury. 5. In measurement of CRP according to surgical approach, highest serum value in patients of combined intra-oral and extra-oral approach was showed, and intra-oral approach, extra-oral approach, in sequential orders. 6. The CRP value are more higher in patient of 2 fracture site than only one fracture site. From the results obtained in this study, CRP has showed different values in mandibular fracture associated with severity of tissue injury and surgical intervention, and quantitative analysis of CRP value in serum can be applied to the clinical management of mandibular fracture.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure (the degree of) injury risk perception in preschool children. Methods: The data were collected from child day care centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, and Gyeonggi and Kwangwon Province. A questionnaire consisted of 28 pictures was administered to 186 preschool children. Results: The mean score for the injury risk perception was 21.83 (${\pm}3.89$), and 77.98 converted into a 100-point scale. According to sub-categories, 'burn prevention' ($.96{\pm}.13$) was the highest, 'interpersonal safety' ($.44{\pm}.31$) was the lowest. There were significant differences in injury risk perception according to gender (t=-2.358, $p$=.019), age (t=-2.101, p=.037), experience of safety education (t=-3.719, $p$ <.001), area of residence (t=-3.445, $p$=.001), injury experience (t=3.212, $p$=.002), and mother's occupation (t=-4.858, $p$ <.001). The highest item in the percentage of correct answer item was 'making jump on the desk', the lowest item in the percentage of correct answer item was 'not wearing safety equipment when rollerblading'. Conclusion: Based on this study, studies should be continued to standardize the instrument. In addition, it is recommended that an injury prevention education program should be developed based on the results of this study to stimulate demand and interest.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.819-826
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of dental emergencies. This study was carried out for dental trauma patients visiting the emergency room in H hospital from 2005 to 2006. Methods : Subjects were 252 patients. Demographic characteristics consisted of age, gender, dentition, and dental related injury. Results : Male patients had 1.65 times higher tooth injury than female. Teenagers had higher prevalence of tooth injury. Main cause of dental injury was falling down. Young children accounted for 41.7% of the injuries. Late evening was the highest outbreak time of injury. The most commonly affected teeth were central incisor and lateral incisor. The damage of oral soft tissue was more common than the that of alveolar bone. Main area of primary tooth loss was gingiva(10.7%), tongue or soft palate(7.5%), and frenulum(6.0%). Subluxation(28.6%) and luxation(28.6%) were main cause for the primary teeth. Tooth fracture(50.0%) were the most common injury. Conclusions : Thus, to understand the incidence, causes and patterns of dental trauma is to help preserving natural teeth. The results of this study could provide the clinical guidelines on the treatment of dental emergency patients.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aims to establish an optimal cut-off score on the Braden scale for the assessment of pressure injury to detect pressure injury risks among inpatients in a South Korean tertiary hospital. Methods : This retrospective study used electronic medical records, from January to December 2022. A total of 654 patients were included in the study. Of these, 218 inpatients with pressure injuries and 436 without pressure injuries were classified and analyzed using 1:2 Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and the generalized estimating equation was performed using SPSS Version 26 and the R Machlt package program. Results : The cut-off value on the Braden scale for distinguishing pressure injury was 17 points, and the AUC (area under the ROC curve) was 0.531 (0.484-0.579). The sensitivity was 56.6% (45.5-67.7%) and the specificity was 69.7% (66.0-73.4%). With 17 points, the Braden scale cut-off distinguished those who had pressure injuries from those who did not at the time of admission (p < .03). In the pressure injury group, the Braden score on the day of the pressure injury was 14, with significant results in all subcategories except the moisture category. Conclusion : Our findings revealed that a cut-off value of 17 was optimal for predicting the risk of pressure injuries among tertiary hospital inpatients. Future studies should evaluate the optimal cut-off values in different clinical environments. Additionally, it is necessary to conduct multicenter large sample studies to verify the effectiveness of a 17 value in PI risk assessments.