• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the demonstration and the spread of smart cities. For this, the European Lighthouse project, a well-known smart city initiative, is analyzed. This article investigates agendas, applied solutions, stakeholders and cooperation, and expansion strategies in the 18 Lighthouse projects implemented by the EIP-SCC Smart City Demonstration Project. Four implications are discussed for Korean smart city projects. First, in promoting smart cities, clear philosophies and principles should be established in response to global issues such as climate change. Second, smart cities should be understood as the approaches for problem-solving rather than simply applying advanced technology. Third, a business system should be established in a way to meet the needs of the actors participating in the smart city demonstration project. Finally, an evaluation framework should be established to verify the performance of the project. High-performing best-practice projects should be supported by articulating their standards for their lessons to be spread into other cities. The implications presented here can contribute to developing smart city models along with follow-up studies.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.79-110
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• 2018

This purpose of this study was to address the issue of forgiving unforgivable crimes, inevitably raised in Paul Ricoeur's thoughts. He explores the possibility of righteous historical representation of tragic events in Western history. Being aware of injustices of amnesty indiscriminately extended by the government, he studied the process through in which a genuine pardon should unfold before granting amnesty. He believes that this process called the "odyssey of forgiveness" presupposes the process of "imputability," in which the perpetrator should acknowledge his/her wrongdoing as his/her act and take reasonable responsibilities for it in a modest position. However, such acknowledgement of wrongdoing cannot be any reason for the victim to necessarily grant forgiveness to the perpetrator. According to him, forgiveness is a gift and the power of love enabled by a complete forgiver only. The initiative of forgiveness is attributable to the forgiver only. To never relinquish tension between love and justice in the forgiving process, he devises a way of planning an equation of forgiveness in a vertical scheme. Finally, he explains the process of requesting and granting forgiveness in a form of a righteous historical representation against the oblivion of past tragic events. He contends that this event of forgiveness promises a new life and a new era to all seeking and granting forgiveness, and that write a righteous history in eschatological hope.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.112-119
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• 2019

This study examined the role of citizen advocates in advocating for people with developmental disabilities. Citizen advocacy refers to activities that advocate and represent citizens on behalf of those who are socially vulnerable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role concept of citizen advocates by conducting focus group interviews and dividing the 13 citizen advocates with developmental disabilities into 4 groups. It is divided into four main subjects and nine sub-themes. The main theme are 'Self-transformation of the parties', 'Restoring the rights of the parties', 'Being with the parties', and 'Expanding the world of the parties'. Sub-themes are 'Recognizing and solving the problem of self', 'Granting role to speak', 'Recovering the initiative of service use', 'Restoring the rights of existing (family and neighbor), "Preventing money harm" "Speaking instead", "Encouraging and petting people", "Promoting change in the community", and "Expanding the size of the world a little bit". Based on this, we discussed the importance of citizen advocacy as a preventive advocacy system, the relationship between citizen advocacy and professional advocacy system, the difference between volunteer and personal assistants and citizen advocacy, and considerations for citizen advocacy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.136-143
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• 2018

Cellular automata have been applied to simulations in many fields such as astrophysics, social phenomena, fire spread, and evacuation. Using cellular automata, this study develops a model for consequence analysis of the dispersion of hazardous chemicals, which is required for risk assessments of and emergency responses for frequent chemical accidents. Unlike in cases of detailed plant safety design, real-time accident responses require fast and iterative calculations to reduce the uncertainty of the distribution of damage within the affected area. EPA ALOHA and KORA of National Institute of Chemical Safety have been popular choices for these analyses. However, this study proposes an initiative to supplement the model and code continuously and is different in its development of free software, specialized for small and medium enterprises. Compared to the full-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which requires large amounts of computation time, the relative accuracy loss is compromised, and the convenience of the general user is improved. Using Python open-source libraries as well as meteorological information linkage, it is made possible to expand and update the functions continuously. Users can easily obtain the results by simply inputting the layout of the plant and the materials used. Accuracy is verified against full-scale CFD simulations, and it will be distributed as open source software, supporting GPU-accelerated computing for fast computation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.847-857
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• 2017

The present situations of the education and training systems for the response to marine HNS spill incidents in domestic and foreign countries were reviewed and the plans to improve domestic system were suggested on the basis of the comparison between domestic and foreign education systems. There were almost no private education and training institutions in Korea, and they have not been activated, compared with those of foreign countries such as USA, Canada, Australia and UK. The domestic marine HNS-related education has been implemented uniformly under Korean government initiative. In addition, there were differences in the targets and duration of the education offered by Korea Coast Guard Academy (KCGA) and Marine Environment Research & Training Institute (MERTI) in Korea. Domestic HNS-related curriculum was relatively simple, compared with the curricula of foreign countries, and has not accepted two levels (operational level and manager level) required in HNS model courses of International Maritime Organization (IMO). The domestic education and training period was short relatively to those of foreign countries. The following suggestions were made to improve the education and training system for the response to domestic marine chemical incidents. In the short term, an HNS education and training management consultation body (tentative name) should be established, with both KCGA and MERTI participating jointly while maintaining the current system of the two institutions (KCGA and MERTI) simultaneously. In the more distant and long term, the HNS-related departments of KCGA and MERTI should be incorporated into a National Marine HNS Response Academy (tentative name) as unified system to enable international competitiveness.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.21-36
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• 2019

To ensure that Korea continues to grow, past governments have been consistent in following a policy of advancing into Russia, Mongolia, and Eurasia. The northern economy can expect to achieve synergistic growth because its economic structure complements that of Korea, which has high energy demand and industrial development. There is also an opportunity to accelerate the growth of the China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor, which is based on Russia's Look East Policy, China's One Belt One Road, and the Mongolian Steppe Road initiative. The Korean government is pursuing a New Northern Policy to achieve the goal of economic cooperation and peace building with other nations, including North Korea; this policy succeeds the Northern Policy pursued by the previous government. As international economic cooperation requires transportation infrastructure, the demand for shipping, which offers more advantages than road and rail transportation, will increase; thus, it is necessary to prepare for it. Korea's port cities, which have a port that serves as the nodal point for maritime transportation, need to prepare for the New Northern Policy. In this paper, the long-term development of Seosan-Daesan port in the was planned and the North Korea's opening-op plan was considered in accordance with the New Northern Policy. Because international cooperation between the government and the provincial cities is required, cooperation with the Port Authority is needed, along with the proactive attitude of Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do. The Seosan-Daesan port, which is the center of the liquid energy cargo center, can become the base of the New Northern Policy Region; further, the port can be an opportunity to establish its position as a peaceful economic hub on the west coast of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

This study was conducted to pave the way for the development and operation of education and training programs to nurture skilled North Korean construction workers. Such programs would help to meet the expanded demand for setting up infrastructure, which is the backbone of the two Koreas' economic cooperation and mutual development. To achieve this initiative, the targets and scopes of education and training were determined by classifying business types for education and training purposes by construction sector. Furthermore, each education and training course and their allocated time frames were analyzed. Issues related to inter-Korean economic cooperation in the border area were also analyzed to determine regional characteristics. Education and training programs were thus classified into three types of infrastructure units: society, industry, and life infrastructure units. Social infrastructure units are the common demand of the whole border area, including construction of roads, railways, and harbors, as well as inspection and maintenance. Industrial infrastructure units are programs for industrial facilities centering on the designated special economic zone in the western part of the border area. Life infrastructure units are programs for infrastructure facilities such as large, complex facilities and residential facilities for the eastern tourist belt side.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.3-42
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• 2018

This paper aims to explore ways to develop the arbitration industry in Korea. The prospects for the promotion of the arbitration industry in Korea are never dim. International arbitration competitiveness is somewhat lower than its competitors at present, but the international economic base to support it is solid, and the domestic arbitration environment seems to be sufficient to support the development possibility of arbitration. Since geographical and economic factors have already been defined, Korea must at least improve the arbitration act with passion and vision for the best one. The arbitration act that is the most accessible to arbitration consumers is the best arbitration act. The important thing is to have an arbitration act that makes people want to use more than litigation or other dispute resolution procedures. There is no hope of remaining as a "second mover" in the field of arbitration law. One should have a will and ambition to become a "first mover" even if it is risky. Considering the situation of the current arbitration law, it is necessary to start an arbitration appeal system in order to become a consumer-friendly arbitration law, and it is necessary to examine ways of integrating the grant of execution clause and enforcement application procedures. The abolition of the condition of Article 35 of the Arbitration Act, which rules the validity of the arbitration award, will help promote international arbitration. Exclusion agreements of setting aside against arbitration awards must also be fully recognized. It is also important to publish a widely cited international arbitration journal. In order to respond to the fourth industrial revolution era, it is necessary to support the establishment of a dispute resolution system that utilizes IT technology. In order to actively engage the arbitrators in the market, it is necessary to abolish the regulations that exist in the Attorneys-at-Law Act. There is also a need to allocate more budget to educate arbitration consumers and to establish arbitration training centers to strengthen domestic arbitration education. It is also necessary to evaluate and verify the Arbitration Promotion Act so that it can achieve results. In the international arbitration market, competition is fierce and competitors are already taking the initiative, so in order not to miss the timing, Korea needs to activate international arbitration first. In order to activate international arbitration, the arbitration body needs to be managed with the same mobility and strategy as the agency in the marketplace. In Korea, unlike in Singapore and Hong Kong, it is necessary to recognize that the size of the domestic arbitration market is very likely to increase sharply due to the economic size of the country and the large market potential it can bring from litigation. In order to promote the arbitration industry, what is most important is to make arbitration activities in accordance with the principles of the market and to establish an institutional basis to enable competition. It is urgently required to change the perception of the relevant government departments and arbitration officials.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.439-450
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• 2019

The purpose of the study was to critically explore the academic identity of dance education as a paradigm of practice-based education. Dance education is recognized as a school dance since the first curriculum was designed, which was announced by the Ministry of Education in 1955. Although Korea's dance education has 65 years of history, its academic identity as a dance education is not very strong. Traditional dance education was teacher-centered, skills-oriented, and exercise-oriented by following the practice-based paradigm. Recently, an initiative was taken to establish a new paradigm for dance education in schools, communities, and professional fields. This study followed the keyword network analysis and reviewed the main contents of each section of dance education research from a time-series perspective. The first section (1968-1979) is a practice of dance education based on physical education; the second section (1980-1989) is a creative-based movement education for primary education; the third section (1990-1999) is a systematization of dance education courses by class; the fourth section (2000-2009) is a paradigm for cultural and artistic education; the fifth section (2010-2019) consisted of various educational practices and institutions. Based on the research results, efforts are requested to establish an academic identity that can support dance education, interdisciplinary practice, and research.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2019

As China's economic growth pole has shifted from the coastal area to the Midwest and the inland since the beginning of 2000, construction of China's inland ports was promoted in the coastal area. The inland port functions as offshore port, thereby streamlining import and export logistics and customs clearance and so on. The purpose of this study is to identify the competitiveness and potential of China's inland ports via functional and geographical classification, as well as SWOT-PEST analysis. According to the results of the study, inland ports can be functionally categorized as sea port-based, industrial-based, distribution-based and customs clearance-based. The majority of the sea port-based inland ports are located in the eastern part of China while industry-based and distribution-based inland ports are situated in the Midwest. On contrast, the inland ports in Northwest mainly perform the function of customs clearance to promote international trade with neighbouring countries. The inland ports in the eastern region have high competitiveness owing to a large volume of international trade in the region, whereas those in the Midwest have high potential. The 'One Belt to One Road' initiative proposed by the Xi's Government is expected to play a significant role in promoting the development of inland ports in the Midwest and border areas.