• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

In this study, the damage mechanism of large scale steam turbine due to water induction was analyzed and recovery characteristics were reviewed. A turbine consists of the rotating rotor and the stationary casing, and the clearance between them is very small for the efficiency enhancement. If water induction, while relatively cold steam or water is introduced into turbine, occurs, the considerable humping is caused at the casing near the initial water induction point and that induces the rubbing between rotor and casing. Finally, it leads to the catastrophic failure. Bowed rotor has the different characteristics in the recovery depending on damage degree. The elastic deformation due to light rubbing is recovered by turning the rotor with 3 rpm under normal operation condition, but most plastic deformation due to rubbing deforms the local microstructure and that results in permanent deformation which could not be recovered under normal operation condition. Bowed rotor has diverse characteristics depending on the recovery method, and the method is empirical and needs the cutting edge technology. Careful recovery treatment of the rotor will eliminate the risks and secure the high quality rotor similar to new rotor. If any critical error is made during the recovery, the rotor would not be recovered permanently and it should be scrapped.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1993

Most systems are composed of components which have different failure chracteristics. Since the failure characteristics of components is different, it is rational and reasonable to establish a maintenance model to be considered repair and replacement policies which are proper to failure characteristics of these components. This paper proposes the age replacement time for a system composed of components which have different failure characteristics. In this model, it is assumed that a system is composed of a critical failure component, a major failure component, minor failure component. If any failure occurs to critical component before its age replacement time, the system should be replaced. If any failure does not occur until its age replacement time, preventive replacement should be performed at age replacement time T. Major component is minimal repaired if any failure occurs during operation. Minor component should be replaced as soon as failure is found. This paper determines the optimal replacement time of the system which minimize, total maintenance cost and initial stock Quantity of minor component within this optimal replacement time. Numerical example illustrates these results.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2009

This paper studied the influences of the main design parameter-the expansion angle and the material properties of the self-expansion anterior cruciate ligament fixation device on the contact condition with the bone and the initial stability of the device. Using finite element analysis, the stress distributions of the ring part of the device and the wall of the bone tunnel were calculated. And the micro-migration of the device by the pull-out force was calculated. From the analysis results, it was found that when designing the self-expansion type anterior cruciate ligament fixation device, it is desirable to use the material having higher Young's modulus and to design the fixation device that all wedges uniformly maintain contact with bone to obtain initial stability after operation.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

The pneumatic driving system has advantages such as high output power per weight and low heat generation rate. However, it is difficult to control the position because of its strong non-linearity such as large friction forces compared to driving force, and heat transfer characteristics that change during operation. Therefore, in order to achieve the control objectives, a robust controller should be designed considering modeling error and model uncertainty. In this paper, a sliding mode controller is designed to improve the position control performance of pneumatic cylinder driving system. Experimental results show that the designed controller achieves the designed control objectives even if the model of the cylinder driving system, such as the initial pressure inside the cylinder and the initial position of the piston is changed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

Stapylococcus auricularis was used for the simultaneous removal of phosphorus and Total Organic Carbon(TOC) in the wastewater from sewage and various industries. In this study, the characteristics of phosphorus removal was investigated with initial ratio of TOC phosphorus in the synthetic wastewater. When the synthetic wastewater containing 15mg/L of phosphorus was treated under anaerobic and conditions, phosphorus was removed completely within 6 hours of operation. And when the initial ratio of TOC to phosphorus was 30, as high as 10 times the removal rate of phosphorus by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was achieved. These results implied that a long adaptation time, one of the chief problems in biological phosphorus removal process was overcome.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2003

The boiling characteristics for R134a are studied to clarify the hysteresis at low temperature on enhanced tubes of a flooded evaporator. Initial boiling conditions, refrigerant temperature, and inlet temperature of the chilled water are considered as the key parameters of the experiments. Unlike previous studies of the boiling heat transfer with uniform heat flux and uniform wall temperature, the wall temperature was varied along the tube. In, this study, it was found that the hysteresis of the temperature overshoot (705) at the onset of nucleate boiling initially at the inlet section of the tube. It is also concluded that the abnormal operation can be avoided during the low temperature boiling if the refrigeration system is started with LMTD larger than $3.4^{\circ}C$ at initial stage and larger than $1.0^{\circ}C$ at normal stage.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2000

A method to simulate the gas turbine transient behavior is developed. The basic principles of the method and main input data required are described. Calculation results are presented in terms of whole operating regime of the engine. The influence of initial parameters such as starting engine power, moment of inertia of the rotor, fuel schedule on performance characteristics of gas turbine during transient operation is shown. In addition, the effect of bleeding air on transient behavior is also considered. For validation of the developed computer code, a comparative analysis with experimental data obtained from a heavy duty gas turbine is made. Calculation results agree well with the experimental data for the range of operating regime studied and proved applicability of the developed technique to initial design stage of control system.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.841-853
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• 2013

An application of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which is one of adjustable speed generators, to a gas engine cogeneration system has been investigated. To operate during a blackout as an emergency power supply is one of important roles for the gas engine cogeneration system. However, the DFIG requires initial excitation for startup during a blackout because the DFIG has no excitation source. In this paper, we propose the "blackout start" as a new excitation method to generate a rated voltage at the primary side during a blackout. In addition, a stand-alone operation following a blackout has been investigated by using experimental setup with a real gas engine. Power flows in the generating set with the DFIG at the stand-alone operation have been investigated experimentally. Experimental investigation of the power flow suggests that the generating set with DFIG has optimal speed in minimizing whole system losses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.813-818
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• 2004

A systematic study of microbial fuel cells comprised of thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius has been carried out under various operating conditions. Substantial amount of electricity was generated when a redox mediator was used. Being affected by operation temperature, the maximum efficiency was obtained at 50$^{\circ}C$ with an open circuit voltage of ca. 0.7 V. While a small change around the optimum temperature did not make much effect on the cell performance, the rapid decrease in performance was observed above 70$^{\circ}C$. It was noticeable that fuel cell efficiency and discharge pattern strongly depended on the kind of carbon sources used in the initial culture medium. In the case of B. thermoglucosidasius, glucose alone was utilized constitutively as a substrate in the microbial fuel cell irrespective of used carbons sources. When B. licheniformis was cultivated with lactose as a carbon source, best charging characteristics were recorded. Trehalose, in particular, showed 41.2% coulombic efficiency when B. thermoglucosidasius was cultured in a starch-containing medium. Relatively good repetitive operation was possible with B. thermoglucosidasius cells up to 12 cycles using glucose as a carbon source, when they were cultured with lactose as an initial carbon source. This study demonstrates that highly efficient thermophilic microbial fuel cells can be constructed by a pertinent modulation of the operating conditions and by carefully selecting carbon sources used in the initial culture medium.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

S-STEP 은 관심 지역의 시한성 긴급 표적 및 군사적 이상 징후를 감시하기 위한 초소형 SAR 위성 임무로, 고도 510 km의 저궤도에 32 대의 위성군을 배치하여 관심 지역에 대해 평균 재방문 주기를 30 분 이하로 달성한다. S-STEP의 임무 운용 모드는 표준 모드, 관측 모드, 통신 모드, 궤도유지 모드 등으로 구분되며, 이에 따라 자세 기동 모드 역시 초기 각속도 안정화, 태양 지향, 목표지점 및 지상국 지향, 추력 방향 유지 등으로 세분화된다. 이 연구에서는 S-STEP 임무 운용 시나리오의 예비 설계 결과와 위성체의 특성을 바탕으로 초기 각속도 안정화 및 태양 지향 모드와 관측 궤도 운용 모드에서의 자세 성능을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 할당된 시간 이내에 필요한 자세 제어를 완료하여 각 모드에서 요구되는 자세 제어 정확도를 달성함을 확인하였다.