• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.426-433
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• 2009

Fish scales have potential in functional food preparation due to their antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. We investigated the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Tilapia mossambica scale extracts. Hydrolysates of tilapia scales were prepared by enzymatic extraction using five proteases (${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, Alcalase, Kojizyme, Protamex and trypsin) after scales were treated with hot water for 3 hr. Scale enzymatic hydrolysates prepared using both hot water and enzyme treatments exhibited elevated hydrolysis (about 25%-55%) compared to only enzyme treatment (about 15%-45%). Enzymatic hydrolysates (1 mg/mL) prepared by both hot water and enzyme treatments also showed significantly increased ACE inhibitory activities from about 20%-75%. The pattern of ACE inhibitory activities was similar to the degree of hydrolysis. Alcalase and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin hydrolysates displayed the highest ACE inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}$ = 0.83 mg/mL and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, the ACE inhibitory effects of $IC_{50}$-chymotrypsin hydrolysates increased with decreasing molecular weight (5 kDa>, 10 kDa> and 30 kDa>), with the 5 kDa> fraction displaying the highest ACE inhibitory activity (about 89.9% and $IC_{50}$ = 0.1 mg/mL). We suggest that the peptide compounds of enzymatic hydrolysates prepared from tilapia scale enhances ACE inhibitory activity and might be useful as an antihypertensive material.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

Seven lactic acid bacteria showing highly inhibitory activities against Salmonella gallinarum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were isolated from Korean native chickens. The inhibitory activities were insensitive to various pretenses indicating that the inhibitory substance is not proteinaceous. The culture broths seem to contain other inhibitory substances in addition to lactic acid. The metabolic profile of organic acids produced by Lactobacillus pentosus K34 was investigated by GC-MSD and 28 different organic acids were detected in the culture broth. Compared with the prominent lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, the thirdly most abundant phenyllactic acid showed high inhibitory activity against S. gallinarum. After pHs of the acids were adjusted to S, the inhibitory activities of lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid against S. gallinarum were greatly reduced while the inhibitory activity of phenyllactic acid was unchanged. The inhibitory activity of the phenyllactic acid was specifically high against S. gallinarum and S. aureus but very low against yeast and mold.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2013

Aldose reductase (AR) has been shown to play an important role in the development of the diabetic complications. To discover novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural sources, 59 Chinese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, 10 herbal medicines, Catalpa fargesii (stem and leaf), Saussurea Laniceps(whole plant), Alnus nepalensis(stem and leaf), Swertia macrosperma (whole plant), Woodfordia fruticosa (stem and leaf), Elsholtzia bodinieri (whole plant), Elsholtzia fruticosa (whole plant), Rosa multiflora (fruit), Nardostachys chinensis (whole plant), Eurya groffii (stem and leaf) exhibited a significant inhibitory activity compared with 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG) as positive control. Particularly, 4 herbal medicines, C. fargesii (stem and leaf), S. Laniceps (whole plant), A. nepalensis (stem and leaf), S. macrosperma (whole plant) showed two times more potent inhibitory activity than TMG ($5.37{\mu}g/ml$).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2011

Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in the development of the diabetic complications. To discover novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural sources, 65 Korean herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Of these, 23 herbal medicines exhibited a significant inhibitory activity compared with 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG). Particularly, 8 herbal medicines, Acer tataricum (twig, stem and leaf), Acer tataricum (fruit), Rhododendron schlippenbachii (twig, stem and leaf), Weigela subsessilis (twig, stem and leaf), Acer mono (branch and leaf), Ailanthus altissima (twig, stem and leaf), Lindera obtusiloba (branch and leaf), Solidago serotina (whole plant) showed three times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, TMG.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.366-375
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• 2014

Aldose reductase (AR) has been indicated the critical enzyme of the polyol pathway in the development of the diabetic complications. In this study, 119 Vietnamese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, 7 herbal medicines, Synedrella nodiflora (stems and leaves), Combretum sundaicum (stems and leaves), Argyreia acuta (stems and leaves), Platea latifolia (whole plants), Linociera sangda (whole plants), Rhaphiolepis indica (whole plants), Harrisonia perforata (stems and leaves) and 2 fractions from Harrisonia perforata (stems and leaves) with EtOAc and BuOH, exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AR. Particularly, S. nodiflora, A. acuta and H. perforata (stems and leaves) showed 1.0-1.8 times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG).

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

For the purpose of developing new anti-HIV agents from natural sources, the extracts of Solanum nigrum L. were tested for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 replication and its essential enzymes as the reverse transcriptase (RT), protease and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. In the assay of HIV-1-infected human T-cell line, water extracts inhibited the HIV- 1 -induced cytopathic effects with IC (inhibitory concentration) of 100 ug/ml. Moreover water extracts (100ug/ml) of aerial parts showed strong activity of 32.6% on anti-HIV-1 PR using the activity of the enzyme to cleave an oligopeptide. In the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition assay, aqueous extract a inhibited 17.4%, but no glucosidase inhibitory activities. We found out this result, for these samples it is possible that the inhibition of the viral replication in vitro is due to the inhibition at least one of PR and RT. It would be of great interest to identify the compounds which are responsible for this inhibition, since all therapeutically useful agent up to date are PR, RT and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitors.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.735-741
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• 2015

Objectives: Lentinus edodes is an edible mushroom with a variety of beneficial effects such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Lentinus edodes extracts against oral-related bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of this extracts were investigated against S. anginosus, S. sobrinus, S. aureus, S. mutans, S. ratti, S. sanguinis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, and A. actinomycetemcomitans by the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and growth inhibition. Results: Ethanol extracts had no antimicrobial activities, but acetone extracts showed antimicrobial activities against A. viscosus and A. actinomycetemcomitans and ethyl acetate extracts had effects against S. aureus, S. sanguinis, A. viscosus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of Lentinus edodes extracts was investigated on the growth of A. viscosus. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed 90% and 77% inhibitory effect, respectively, against A. viscosus for 24 hrs. Ethyl acetate extracts had MIC of 25.0 mg/ml and acetone extracts showed MIC of >25.0 mg/ml.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.3 s.126
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• pp.193-199
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• 2001

The inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of 135 medicinal herbs on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity were investigated. DGAT was partially purified from rat liver. Eleven kinds of methanol extracts of medicinal herbs including Evodiae Fructus showed a mild inhibitory effect with the concentration of $125\;{\mu}g/ml$ (above 40% inhibition). Six kinds of methanol extracts including Ephedrae Herba exhibited a weak inhibition. Among them, three kinds of butanol extracts (Sophorae Radix, Arecae Semen, Caesalpiniae Lignum) and the chloroform extracts of Evodiae Fructus showed significant inhibitory activities (above 60% inhibition) at the same concentration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Aldose reductase (AR), the key enzyme in the polyol pathway, plays an important role in the development of the diabetic complications. None of Aldose reductase Inhibitor (ARI) has achieved worldwide use because of limited efficacy or undesirable side effects. Therefore, evaluating natural sources for ARI potential may lead to the development of safer and more effective agents against diabetic complications. Fifty two Chinese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, twelve herbal medicines, Artemisia anomala (aerial part), Centella asiatica (aerial part), Scutellaria baicalensis (root), Senecio chrysanthermoides (whole plant), Gleditsia japonica (twig), Zizyphus jujube (twig, leaf), Citrus aurantium (fruit), Hydnocarpus anthelmintica (fruit), Potaninia mongolica (aerial part), Tribulus terrestris (fruit), Artemisia apiacea (aerial part) and Eclipta prostrate (aerial part) exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AR. Particularly, Artemisia anomala, Centella asiatica and Scutellaria baicalensis showed four times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.958-962
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• 1999

Hydroxy methylglutaryl CoA(HMG CoA) reductase and acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT) are two important enzymes that are associated with regulation of cholesterol metabolism. The inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase and ACAT are very effective in lowering serum cholesterol in most animal species. In present study, various plant extracts with hot water were used to examine the inhibitory activities against HMG CoA reductase and ACAT that are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol esterification in tissues, respectively. The extracts of Fagophyrum rotundatum, Rosa multiflora, Rosa rugosa and Alisma orientalis exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the ACAT, 29%, 24%, 19%, and 18%, respectively. However the extracts of Typha augustifolia, Polygonum cuspidatum, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum inhibited the HMG CoA reductase activity by 53%, 42%, 37%, and 33% respectively. Results suggest that these plant extracts might play important roles in the regulation of the cholesterol metabolism in vivo.