• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 2002

Cardiovascular effects of propofol, were assessed after premedication with xylazine(1.0 mUkg, IM) under oxygen supply(200 ml/kg/min) via a endotracheal tube. Twelve adult mixed-breed dogs were divided into four groups; 0.2(Group 1), 0.4(Group 2), 0.6(Group 3) and 0.8 mg/kg/min(Group 4) of propofol respectively. Arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored with a physiograph after an arterial catheter was inserted into the femoral artery. pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension($PaCO_2$and arterial oxygen tension($PaO_2$) were evaluated with arterial blood collected through the inserted catheter. Diastolic arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure were decreased slightly in Group I IIand III, but decreased significantly in Group IV. They were increased rapidly after stopping propofol infusion in Group IV pH was maintained in normal range in Group I, II and m, but was decreased in proportion to time passing in Group IV. $PaCO_2$ was increased significantly only in Group IV but $PaO_2$ was maintained in normal range in all groups Although heart rate was recorded in normal range for 90 minutes, arythmia was noted after stopping propofol infusion in all groups. It was concluded that propofol depressed the cardiovascular system in proportion to infusion dosage, and 0.8 mg/kg/min of propofol infusion rate was not appropriated in canine anesthesia with xylazine premedication.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to compare hemodynamic and recovery characteristics of total intravenous anesthesia using propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) versus sevoflurane for extraction of four third molar teeth. Methods: One hundred patients undergoing extraction of four third molar teeth under general anesthesia were randomized to one of two groups. Group 1 received propofol TCI-oxygen for induction and propofol TCI-oxygen-air for maintenance. Group II received a propofol bolus of 2 mg/kg for induction and sevoflurane-oxygen-air for maintenance. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), operating time, time to emergence, nausea and vomiting, and sedation and pain scores were measured in each group. Results: Demographic data, including age, gender, weight, and height, were not significantly different between the two groups. The MAP was significantly higher after intubation (P = 0.007) and injection of anesthesia (P = 0.004) in the propofol group than in the sevoflurane group, with significant reflex bradycardia (P = 0.028). The mean time to emergence from anesthesia using propofol was 25 s shorter than that of sevoflurane (P = 0.02). Postoperatively, the propofol group was less sedated than the sevoflurane group at 30 min (0.02 versus 0.12), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.065). Conclusion: Both propofol TCI and sevoflurane are good alternatives for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for short day-case surgery. However, propofol TCI does not blunt the hemodynamic response to sudden, severe stimuli as strongly as sevoflurane, and this limitation may be a cause for concern in patients with cardiac comorbidities.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

To investigate the cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of propofol in dogs, experimental dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups (propofol infusion anesthesia, P/INF, propofol intermittent anesthesia, P/INTER, propofol induction anesthesia, P/ISO, thiopental Na induction anesthesia, T/ISO) and monitored analgesic and anesthetic effects, recovery time, body temperature, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic pressure. In all groups, apnea was not observed. In the P/INF group, the respiratory rate(RR) was slightly decreased, but in the P/INTER group, RR was increased and shallowing. In the groups of P/ISO and T/ISO, the respiratory rate was decreased. Heart rate(HR) was increased after induction anesthesia in all groups, but gradually decreased. Mean arterial pressure(MAP) was decreased after injection anesthesia in the groups of P/INF and P/INTER. In the groups of P/ISO and T/ISO, however, MAP was slightly increased. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure were gradually decreased after induction anesthesia, but not significantly. In the groups of P/INF and P/ISO, recovery time was shorter than the groups of P/INTER and T/ISO. In all groups, body temperature of animals was decreased gradually according to time but no significant changes were observed. Propofol injection doesn't make the complete loss of responses of animals, especially, in the P/INTER group. In the P/INF group, deep pain was present until the end of anesthetic period. During recovery period, any other side effects except incoordination were not monitored. The present study suggested that infusion anesthesia was superior to intermittent anesthesia as injection anesthetic agent, and propofol was better than thiopental Na as induction anesthetic agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

Background: Infusion methods during regional analgesia using perineural catheters may influence the quality of postoperative analgesia. This study was conducted to compare the effects of combined or bolus-only infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine on the postoperative analgesia in interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) with perineural catheterization. Methods: Patients scheduled for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were divided into two groups, one that would receive a combined infusion (group C, n = 32), and one that would receive intermittent infusion (group I, n = 32). A perineural catheter was inserted into the interscalene brachial plexus (ISBP) using ultrasound (US) and nerve stimulation, and 10 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine was administered. After the operation, group C received a continuous infusion of 4 ml/h, and a 4 ml bolus with a lockout interval of 60 min. Group I received only a 4 ml bolus, and the lockout interval was 30 min. Postoperative pain by the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the forearm muscle tone by the manual muscle test (MMT) were checked and evaluated at the following timepoints: preoperative, and postoperative 1, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Supplemental opioid requirements, total consumed dose of local anesthetic, and adverse effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Sixty-four patients completed the study and the postoperative values such as operation time, time to discharge, and operation site were comparable. There were no differences in NRS scores and supplemental opioid requirements between the two groups. The MMT scores of group I at 4 and 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than those of group C (P < 0.05). The total consumed dose of local anesthetic was significantly lower in group I than in group C (P < 0.05). The adverse effects were not different between the groups. Conclusions: The bolus-only administration of 0.2% ropivacaine provided a similar analgesic effect with a lower total volume of local anesthetic and decreased motor weakness compared to combined infusion. Therefore, bolus-only administration is an effective postoperative analgesic method in ISBPB with perineural catheterization after rotator cuff repair.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.443-449
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• 2022

In this study, in order to improve the disadvantages of the environmental error of the infusion set that performs infusion therapy in the existing clinical practice and to maximize the user's convenience by miniaturizing the existing infusion pump system, the structure of the muscle pump of the human vein was imitated. As a double check valve method, a method for preventing the backflow of fluid and discharging a constant fluid in one direction by external pressure was proposed. The proposed bio-mimic muscle pump uses a check valve that controls the flow of fluid in one direction and a silicone tube with elasticity, and a chamber is constructed. A peristaltic pump for applying intermittent pressure to the tube chamber was constructed using a multi-cam structure roller. In order to verify the performance of the proposed pump, optimization was performed while changing the number of multi-cam rollers and adjusting the speed of the roller driving motor, and the reproducibility of the instantaneous discharge amount and the continuous discharge amount of the pump was compared and tested. The performance of the muscle pump proposed in this study was verified through experiments that it can inject up to 1L of fluid within 12 hours, and that it is possible to inject the fluid with an accuracy of ±0.1ml. Real-time monitoring of the fluid injection volume through the bio-mimic muscle pump proposed in this study not only increases the convenience of the administrator, but also provides a precise fluid administration environment to more patients at a low cost, and additionally applies bubble detection and occlusion detection technology If so, it is believed that a safer medical environment can be provided to patients.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of training and implementation of a pediatric peripheral intravenous infusion protocol on the nurses' performance and infusion complication rate. Methods: A quasiexperimental study using a posttest comparison of a one group pretest-time series design was utilized. This method was developed to measure nursing knowledge and performance based on a pediatric peripheral intravenous infusion protocol. To calculate the occurrence rate of complications, the number of complications were divided into the number of intravenous insertions. Results: It was shown that the training developed by the study team in 2015 contributed to nurses' increased knowledge, as well as improved job performance. Furthermore, the implementation of the protocol revealed that the number of peripheral intravenous insertions, an invasive procedure, decreased. Additionally, the nursing workload related to pediatric intravenous infusions was reduced. Conclusion: This protocol may contribute to the improved scientific quality and efficiency of nursing management of peripheral intravenous infusions.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.309.2-310
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• 2003

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide were evaluated after an intravenous administration of the same total dose of torasemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg to rabbits with different infusion times, 1 min (treatment I), 30 min (treatment II), and 2 h (treatment III). The loss of water and electrolytes in urine induced by torasemide was immediately replaced with infusion of equal volume of lactated Ringer…s solution. (omitted)

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2021

VaRI(Vacuum assisted Resin Infusion) process, which is cost effective and suitable for manufacturing large-sized composites, is an OoA(Out-of Autoclave) process. For rapid resin infusion in the VaRI process, a DM(distribution media) is placed on top of the fabric. The resin is rapidly supplied in plane direction of the fiber along the DM, and then the supplied resin is impregnated in the out-of-plane direction of fiber. It is difficult to predict the flow of resin because the flow of in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction occur together, and a 3D numerical analysis program is used to simulate the resin infusion process. However, in order to analyze in 3D, many elements are required in the out-of-plane direction of fabric. And the product size is larger, the longer the analysis time needs. Therefore, in this study, a method was suggested to reduce the time required for flow analysis by simplifying the 3D flow analysis to 2D flow analysis. The usefulness was verified by comparing the 3D flow analysis with the simplified 2D flow analysis at the same conditions. The filling time error was about 7% and the reduction of flow analysis time was about 95%. In addition, by utilizing the constant difference in the flow front between the top, middle, and bottom of the fabric of the 3D analysis, the flow front of the top, middle, and bottom of the fabric can be also predicted in the 2D flow analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1085-1089
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• 2001

Metabolites, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) produced by rumen fermentation, were intravenously infused into a jugular vein of goats during feeding to explore the mechanism and roles of IPA in ruminating behavior (number of boli and ruminating time). Three female goats were confined in metabolism cages with a stanchion, The ruminating behavior measured by the number of ruminations, ruminating time, number of remastications, and remasticating time decreased (p<0,05) with intravenous IPA infusion. The IPA concentrations and VFA concentrations increased in the blood circulation. Our data suggest that sensitive receptors of rumination to IPA are more likely to be in an area such as the brain stem where they can respond to blood metabolite levels.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.274-280
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• 2018

In this paper, we have developed the vacuum infusion automation system for the safety and quality advancement of the boat. It is necessary for the precise mixing rate of resinoid and curingagent to inject in an inner ship and deck at short time. We need for the optimal condition to a strengthen construction of boat. This one can solve the post deformability of the strengthen structure and can control the precise mixing rate of resinoid and curingagent to the resinoid fluidity and flowing rate per time. Under these condition, we can advance the an quality construction that based on the model and database information of the boat. Also, we can have an effective process management and retrench the production cost.