• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.113-138
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• 2012

This study examined the determinants of export performance of small and medium sized manufacturing companies in Korea. Depending on the existing research, taking entrepreneurship and product differentiation capabilities as antecedents of export performance. In addition, the product differentiation capabilities examined whether the role of the mediating effects between entrepreneurship and export performance. Thus, the purpose of the study is look at the integrated model of entrepreneurship, product differentiation capabilities and export performance building and their relationship. On 152 domestic companies, empirical analysis was performed. Empirical analysis was conducted using the PLS(Partial Least Square). And analysis tools were used SmartPLS2.0. In the results of the analysis, risk tolerance and innovativeness of small and medium sized manufacturing businesses, entrepreneurs and product differentiation competence have positive impact export performance in both. Product differentiation capabilities also confirmed that it have a positive impact on the export performance of small manufacturing export enterprises. In analysis of the mediated effect in product differentiation capacity showed a significant mediated effect between innovativeness and export performance. But mediated effects did not indicate a significant risk tolerance. these results suggests the need to actively pursue innovation that more product differentiation capabilities required in export companies to small and medium-sized manufacturing. In other words, when attempting to highlight product differentiation, based on innovation, rather than risk tolerance. In terms of analyzing the mediated role of product differentiation capabilities, this study has theoretical implications for the future research to look at the antecedents of export performance from the perspective of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage. Also, practical implications in this regard as the innovativeness and taking risks to all important to CEO of small manufacturing enterprises but, stranger in the foreign market competition environment, the role of innovation product is required on raising product differentiation capabilities are presented.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1997

It is becoming increasingly evident that significant changes in gene expression occur during the course of neuronal differentiation. Thus, it should be possible to gain information about the biochemical events by identifying differentially expressed genes in neuronal differentiation The PC12 cell line is a useful model system to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying neuronal differentiation and has been used extensively for the study of the molecular events that underlie the biological actions of nerve growth factor (NGF). In this study, we report an application of the recently described mRNA differential display method to analyze differential gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Using this technique, we have identified several cDNA tags expressed differentially during neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, one of these clones was cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I) gene. The differential expression of COX I gene was confirmed by Northern blot analysis as well as RT-PCR. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA of PC12 cells revealed that COX I is a single gene. Induction of the oxidative enzyme might reflect the energy requirement in neuronal differentiation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2001

The paper describes the improvement on concurrent subspace optimization(CSSO) via automatic differentiation. CSSO is an efficient strategy to coupled multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO), wherein the original design problem is non-hierarchically decomposed into a set of smaller, more tractable subspaces. Key elements in CSSO are consisted of global sensitivity equation, subspace optimization, optimum sensitivity analysis, and coordination optimization problem that require frequent use of 1st order derivatives to obtain design sensitivity information. The current version of CSSO adopts automatic differentiation scheme to provide a robust sensitivity solution. Automatic differentiation has numerical effectiveness over finite difference schemes tat require the perturbed finite step size in design variable. ADIFOR(Automatic Differentiation In FORtran) is employed to evaluate sensitivities in the present work. The use of exact function derivatives facilitates to enhance the numerical accuracy during the iterative design process. The paper discusses how much the automatic differentiation based approach contributes design performance, compared with traditional all-in-one(non-decomposed) and finite difference based approaches.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.156-172
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• 2019

Purpose - Without question, globalization has presented different opportunities to entrepreneurs seeking to expand their companies in foreign markets. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial activity, information internalization, and product differentiation in export oriented firms. As such, entrepreneurial activities are divided into exploitative and exploratory opportunities. These opportunities are crucial in improving firms' performance. Design/methodology - A structural questionnaire was developed using 21 factors/indicators from previous researches. The subjects of this study were recruited using convenience sampling in export SMEs in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Data were collected through visits or e-mails from the export managers, executives, and CEOs of export SMEs in advance. 321 questionnaires were collected over a period of one month. 316 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Findings - First, International Entrepreneurial-orientation (IE) has a positive effect on the exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. Second, the exploration and exploitation of business opportunities have a positive impact on information internalization. Third, information internalization has a significant effect on product differentiation and plays a mediating role in seeking opportunities, utilizing opportunities, and differentiating products. Originality/value - This study contributes to the development of academic discussions by explaining existing research gaps. First, there is currently a lack of research focusing precisely on the product differentiation capability of SMEs in manufacturing field in terms of IE. To bridge these gaps, we examined the entrepreneurial factors impact on product differentiation and tries to expand the discussion about the internationalization of SMEs, which were mainly focused on IT companies, and manufacturing companies. Second, there is no intuitive explanation regarding international entrepreneurial activity in terms of exploration and exploitation within existing. In this study, international entrepreneurship activities were classified in terms of exploration and exploitation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-65
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• 2008

This study investigates the effects of business environment on the e-business strategy and performance of venture firms. The development of the research model is based on the empirical studies on the strategy literature. The data from the survey was analyzed using Partial Least Squares(PLS). For Daedeok Valley Venture Firms, product innovation differentiation strategy is affected by environmental uncertainty. And, cost leadership strategy tend to be influence by environmental uncertainty. Finally, venture firm's performance is effected by cost leadership strategy and marketing differentiation strategy. However, for in Hsinchu Science Park Venture Firms, product innovation differentiation strategy is affected by environmental uncertainty and heterogeneity. And, marketing differentiation strategy is enhanced by environment uncertainty and industry growth. In addition, cost leadership strategy tend to be influence by environmental uncertainty and heterogeneity. Finally, venture firm's performance is effected by cost leadership strategy and product innovation differentiation strategy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.24-34
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigated the problems of the offset time based service differentiation scheme for optical burst switching (OBS) networks, and proposed the preemption-based service differentiation scheme which combines a preemption channel selection algorithm and channel partitioning algorithm. The proposed preemption channel selection algorithm minimizes the length of preempted bursts to improve the channel efficiency, while the proposed channel partitioning algorithm controls the degree of service differentiation between service classes. The simulation results showed that the proposed schemes could improve the end-to-end performance and effectively provide controllable service differentiation in the multiple hop network environments.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.62
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• pp.200-222
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• 2013

A recent argument of network neutrality is converted by the differentiation of transmission and cost adjustment. However, It is raised that this phenomenon caused strategy for vertical integration operator to exclude a competitive operator. This study analyzed a number of instances about differentiation of transmission of ISP and problems of ISP that vertical integration in IX markets. The result of research, differentiation of transmission increased service differentiation about application programs used a best effort network like OTT or Smart TV. But this study was analyzed that a related law was vague for solving this issue. Besides, ISPs that is vertical integrated and commercial operated in an IX market discriminated competitive services, and this phenomenon can be proceeded plainly and orginated in an issue of a related law.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5269-5286
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• 2018

Task scheduling is one of the key issues in improving system performance and optimizing resource management in cloud computing environment. In order to provide appropriate services for heterogeneous users, we propose a novel task scheduling strategy with service differentiation, in which the delay sensitive tasks are assigned to the rapid cloud with high-speed processing, whereas the fault sensitive tasks are assigned to the reliable cloud with service restoration. Considering that a user can receive service from either local SaaS (Software as a Service) servers or public IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) cloud, we establish a hybrid queueing network based system model. With the assumption of Poisson arriving process, we analyze the system model in steady state. Moreover, we derive the performance measures in terms of average response time of the delay sensitive tasks and utilization of VMs (Virtual Machines) in reliable cloud. We provide experimental results to validate the proposed strategy and the system model. Furthermore, we investigate the Nash equilibrium behavior and the social optimization behavior of the delay sensitive tasks. Finally, we carry out an improved intelligent searching algorithm to obtain the optimal arrival rate of total tasks and present a pricing policy for the delay sensitive tasks.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.391-406
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• 2008

Recently, U.S. beef completely is opened and a point of present time, beef import market is increased, the high branding and high quality of Korea's beef cattle is urgent for a brand-name of Korea's Meat got competitive superiority in world market. Also, for that situation, Producers and Distributors request successful marketing strategy establishment and in the concrete, I present a counterplan strategy based on 4P(price, product differentiation, sales promotion, distribution) strategy.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the cell proliferation and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) during the differentiation of murine odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) by Cimicifuga rhizoma extract. Cimicifuga rhizoma extract was prepared using 70% ethanol. Then, the cells were treated with 25, 50, 100, 150, and $200{\mu}g$ of Cimicifuga rhizoma extract. Methods: We determined the Cimicifuga rhizoma effects of MDPC-23 using WST-1 (water soluble tetrazolium salt-1) assay, ALP activity assay and histochemical staining. Results: $25-200{\mu}g$ of Cimicifuga rhizoma extract did not inhibit the growth of MDPC-23 cells; $100{\pm}0$, $100{\pm}3.29$, $99{\pm}4.86$, $98{\pm}3.80$, $98{\pm}1.73$, $99{\pm}5.05%$ (p<0.794). $50{\mu}g$ of Cimicifuga rhizoma extract stimulated ALP activity on MDPC-23; $5.1{\pm}0.20units/{\mu}{\ell}$ (p<0.001). Conclusions: It was proven that Cimicifuga rhizoma promoted differentiation of MDPC- 23 cells.