• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2018

This study aims to compare and analyze a willow tree (Salix Koreensis andersson) extract's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by investigating its: total polyphenol, flavonoid content, SOD-like activity, DPPH vitality. the willow tree was induced with LPS to determine its active anti-inflammatory effects. as a result, the willow methanol extract showed a higher total polyphenol and flavonoid content than those of willow distilled water extract, but the willow distilled water extract showed a higher SOD than that of willow methanol extract. in its DPPH scavenging ability, the willow methanol extract's antioxidant activity was higher than that of the willow distilled water extract. the willow extract's measurements such as the production of NO, inflammatory cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 measurement) were significantly reduced as its concentration level went down. according to the research outcomes, when induced, he will extract's macrophage produces mediator-like substances such as NO and inflammatory cytokine that can be used to alleviate the inflammatory response. therefore, the willow tree proved to be a useful raw plant material for the products designed to combat inflammatory activities due to its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response substances such as NO and cytokine.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2010

Inflammatory reaction is characterized by over-production of inflammatory mediators due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways, which produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), prostaglantin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and nitric oxide (NO) in U937 cells. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts from Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and $PGE_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS- stimulated U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Their combination extract also inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus. These results suggest that the combination of water-extractable components of Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated whether Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI) pharmacopuncture has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : in vitro experiments, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, prevention on $H_2O_2$-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cell line, DNA fragmentation, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were analyzed to investigate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of AFI pharmacopuncture. in vivo experiment, a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was used to examine the effect of AFI pharmacopuncture on CV12 at different doses of 5 ${\mu}l$, 0.5 ${\mu}l$, 0.05 ${\mu}l$ for 10 days. Body weight, colon length and macroscopic features were investigated. Results : AFI pharmacopuncture showed DPPH free radical scavenging and SOD active effects in a dose-dependent manner. AFI pharmacopuncture showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced cell injury and also attenuated LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression. In a DSS- induced colitis murine model, however, AFI pharmacopuncture at CV12 had no anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : The present results suggest that AFI pharmacopuncture extract may have anti- inflammatory and antioxidative effects in vivo test, but further research on the underlying mechanism is required.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.28.1-28.6
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• 2016

Oxidative rancidity in foods causes undesirable changes in nutritive value, aroma, flavor, and color. Salix Koreensis Andersson in DC. (SK) has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and is traditionally used to treat neuralgia, edema, pain, and inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory effects of SK on oxidative and inflammatory reactions have not been elucidated. In this context, we scientifically validated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of SK leaf (SKL). The methanol extract of SKL was evaluated for in vitro anti-oxidative activities. SKL showed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of SKL were also investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. LPS resulted in decreased SOD activities compared with the unstimulated cells, but SKL significantly increased SOD activities reduced by LPS. In addition, LPS-induced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 productions were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by SKL in RAW264.7 macrophages without inducing cytotoxicity. In conclusion, these results indicate that SKL will be able to be effectively used as a food additive with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2018

Abeliophyllum distichum is a medicinal plant used in regional traditional medicine to relieve pain in inflammatory processes. In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum flower (ADF) extract were examined. Furthermore, possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects were dissected. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in murine macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 cells. The measurement of the induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were carried out by ELISA. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and MAPK, and the nuclear expression of nuclear factor NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 were investigated by Western blot analysis. The extract of ADF significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the extract suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and the nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 in activated cells. Our findings provide evidence for the popular use of Abeliophylli distichum in inflammation around Goesan region and also suggest that the flower extract has potential therapeutic benefits against various inflammatory diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 2004

Objective: Under recognition of the similarity between carbuncle in Oriental medicine and inflammatory disease, NeiShuHuangLianJang(N.H.) has been used as an antiphlogistic agent. The present reports shows the anti-inflammatory effects of N.H. Method: Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. They were farmed individually in a temperature($22{\pm}0.5{\circ}$) and light(06:00 to 18:00 h) controlled room with free access to water and food. The N.H.(1.0g／kg, 3.0g／kg) extracted from NeiShuHuangLianTang were administered intragastrically prior to LPS I.P injection. we measured WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma. Result : 1. N.H. suppressed inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 2. N.H. suppressed WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. N.H. suppressed 1L-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. According to above experiments, N.H. was improved its suppression effect against the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So N.H. which is used for the inflammatory disease(carbuncle) in Oriental Medicine is assumed to have a curative effects against this disease by controlling WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.239-247
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• 2021

This paper aims to increase functionality and competitiveness through fermentation of rice bran, which is used as a raw material for alternative foods and cosmetics. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects were confirmed using rice bran extract fermented with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A8 isolated from Nuruk. In the case of cytotoxicity, cytotoxicity was shown at 100 ㎍/mL for rice bran extracts, but cytotoxicity was not shown for fermented rice bran extracts. Meanwhile, as a result of confirming anti-inflammatory effects through inflammatory indicators such as nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, rice bran extracts showed anti-inflammatory effects at concentrations of 100 ㎍/mL or higher only nitric oxide and TNF-α. And fermented rice bran extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effects at concentrations of 25 ㎍/mL, 25 ㎍/mL, 50 ㎍/mL, and 50 ㎍/mL, respectively, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects in lower concentration. Meanwhile, as a result of testing the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of heat-killed S. fibuligera, it was found that the heat-killed S. fibuligera showed anti-inflammatory effect in fermented products.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ojeok-san and compare the therapeutic effects according to its formation. Methods: We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of Ojeok-san using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory animal model. Male SD rats were administered intra-orally with two different formulation types of Ojeok-san according to prescribed dosage. One hour later, to induce inflammatory responses, subsequent intra-peritoneal injection of LPS was conducted. After 5 hours later, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 levels were measured by ELISA to assess the alteration of pro-inflammatory markers. Results: In our experiment, regardless of its formation, administration of Ojeok-san decreased TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, IL-6 and PGE2 level in serum. Furthermore, LPS-induced toxicity of liver and kidney was not detected by Ojeok-san administration. Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory effect of Ojeok-san was shown in LPS-induced inflammatory model by decreasing pro-inflammatory markers, and there would be no significant difference in therapeutic effect between two formulation types of Ojeok-san.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2018

Abeliophyllum distichum is a medicinal plant used in regional traditional medicine to relieve pain in inflammatory processes. In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum stem (ADS) ethyl acetate extract were examined. Furthermore, possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects were dissected. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in murine macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 cells and human microglial cell line BV2 cells. The measurement of the induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were carried out by ELISA. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and MAPK, and the nuclear expression of nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 were investigated by Western blot analysis. The extract of ADS significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the extract suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in activated cells. Our findings provide evidence for the popular use of Abeliophylli distichum in inflammation around Goesan region and also suggest that the stem extract has potential therapeutic benefits against several inflammatory diseases.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2020

The larva of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis (P. brevitarsis), edible insect, is traditionally consumed as alternative source of nutrients and has various health benefits. However, the exact pharmaceutical effects of P. brevitarsis on inflammatory response are still not well understood. Thus, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of P. brevitarsis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. We investigated the effects of P. brevitarsis on the expression levels of inflammatory-related genes, including inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. To understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of P. brevitarsis, we explored the regulatory effect of P. brevitarsis on nuclear factor (NF)-κB and caspase-1 activation. The findings of this study demonstrated that P. brevitarsis inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine and PGE2 levels, as well as COX-2 and iNOS expression. Moreover, we confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effect of P. brevitarsis occurs via suppression of the activation of NF-κB and caspase-1. Conclusively, these findings provide experimental evidence that P. brevitarsis may be useful candidate for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.