• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin, on atopic dermatitis. Methods: Changes in mouse body weight, lymph node weight, and the degree of improvement in symptoms were measured to determine the inflammatory response. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to determine the degree of expression of inflammation-related cytokines (IL-31 and IL-33 and chemokines such as CCL17 and CCL22), and western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of inflammation-related factors (iNOS, COX-2, and NF-kB signaling molecules p-IkBα, p50, p-65 and pSTAT3). Results: The degree of symptoms significantly improved in the PA+AX group. Lymph node weight in the PA+AX group was lower than the PA group. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-31, IL-33, and inflammatory chemokines such as CCL17 and CCL22) were significantly reduced in the PA+AX group compared with the PA group. The expression of inflammatory genes (iNOS, COX-2, NF-kB and signaling molecules (p-IkBα, p50, p65, and p-STAT 3) was lower in the PA+AX group compared with the PA group. Conclusion: Astaxanthin may modulate the inflammatory response in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 1995

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been known as inhibitors of the folate-requiring enzymes. In the present work, we have expanded on these observations and have investigated the inhibitory effects of NSAIDs on Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthase expressed in E. coli. NSAIDs including sulphasalizine, salicylic acid, indomethacin and mefenamic acid were found to be competitive inhibitors with respect to folate of Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthase. In contrast, aspirin and the antipyretic-analgesic drugs acetaminophen and antipyrine were weak inhibitors of the enzyme. Structure-activity correlation suggests that an aromatic ring with a side chain containing a carboxylic acid is a requirement for competitive inhibition of the thymidylate synthase. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the antifolate activity of NSAIDs, and hence cytostatic consequences, are important factors in producing anti-inflammatory activity and aspirin exerts its anti-inflammatory effects after its conversion into salicylic acid, which possesses greater antifolate activity than its parent compound.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2010

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder of the periodontium and is characterized by destruction of the tooth supporting tissues, mediated by the upregulation of synthesis and release of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors. Inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins upregulate RANKL and its subsequent binding to RANK stimulates osteoclast formation, resorption activity, and survival. In our present study, we investigated the effects of HP08-0111, composed of Coptis japonica (Thunb.) Makino, vitamin C and vitamin E, upon inflammatory responses, osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss. HP08-0111 decreased the expression of IL-1$\beta$ and COX2 on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited osteoclast-specific genes such as c-Fos, MMP-9, and TRAP. HP08-0111 also exhibited protective effects against alveolar bone loss in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. Our results suggest that HP08-0111 is potentially an important therapeutic tool for the treatment of disorders associated with bone loss such as periodontitis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2007

본 연구는 쑥 추출물의 항염 활성이 prostaglandins 합성의 저해 및 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 억제기전과 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되어짐에 따라, 큰비쑥(A. fukudo)을 대상으로 80% EtOH로 추출하고 추출물을 극성에 따라 용매분획을 실시하여, 큰비쑥 에탄올 추출물 및 용매분획물들이 염증반응의 주체가 되는 대식 세포 계열인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 LPS 로 유도된 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 그리고 IL-6와 같은 pro-inflammatory cytokine과 NO의 생성억제효과, 그리고 iNOS와 COX-2의 단백질 발현 억제효과 및 $PGE_{2}$ 생성 억제효과 등을 통해 알아보았다. 대식세포 계열인 RAW 264.7 세포에 LPS로 자극을 주고 큰비쑥 추출물을 처리하여 확인해본 결과, 추출물 및 분획물들이 다소 차이는 있었지만 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 그리고 IL-6에서 생성억제 효과를 나타났다. 또한 헥산, 디클로로메탄 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 NO의 생성억제 효과가 강하게 나타났으며, 헥산과 디클로로메탄 분획물에서는 iNOS, COX-2 및 $PGE_{2}$ 생성 억제 효과가 다른 분획물에 비해 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 큰비쑥에서 유효성분 추출을 통한 항염증 물질의 연구 또는 예방하거나 치료할 수 있는 염증 억제 성분의 분리 및 그 작용기전 연구에 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이라 사료된다. 또한 큰비쑥 추출물로부터 염증억제 성분을 도출하고자 활성분획인 헥산과 디클로로메탄 분획물에 대하여 활성성분의 분리가 진행 중이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2019

본 연구는 하라케케(Harakeke)로 불리는 신서란(Phormium tenax)를 화장품 및 의약품산업의 기능성 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 신서란 잎을 대상으로 70% 에탄올 추출물과 용매 분획물을 제조하여, 이것들의 항염증 및 항아토피의 효과를 조사하였다. LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 신서란 에탄올 추출물과 용매 분획물의 항염증 효과를 조사한 결과, methylene chloride와 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 NO와 $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 활성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 농도 의존적으로 NO와 $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 활성을 보였다. 또한, 이들 분획물에서는 iNOS 및 COX-2 발현 억제 활성을 보였다. 신서란 잎 조추출물과 용매 분획물에 의한 NO, $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 활성이 NOS 및 COX-2 발현 억제에 의한 것임을 제시한다. 더불어, $hIFN-{\gamma}$로 자극된 HaCaT 세포에 용매 분획물을 처리하여 MDC 및 TRAC 생성억제 효과를 조사한 바, methylene chloride 분획물은 MDC 및 TATC의 생성을 각각 65%, 52% 생성억제 시켰으며, ethyl acetate 분획물은 MDC 및 TATC의 생성을 각각93%, 84% 억제 효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 신서란 잎 조추출물과 용매 분획물을 이용한 항염증 및 항아토피 효능을 갖는 유효성분 분리 및 활용화 연구에 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이며, 기능성 화장품, 의약외품 및 의약품 소재 개발에 적용 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1999

Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The bacterium produces several virulence factors. Of the factors, protective antigen (PA) of tripatite toxin has been identified as a central component in the pathogenesis of anthrax. However, precise roles of PA and other cellular components in the reaction with the target cells remain to be elucidated, especially in the initial stage of the disease. Three B anthracis antigens were prepared for investigation; PA, sonicated cellular antigens (S-Ag) and formalin-inactivaed whole cell antigens (W-Ag). PA was purified from culture supernatant of the bacterium using FPLC system with MonoQ. S-Ag and W-Ag were prepared by sonication and formalin inactivation of the cultured cells, respectively. Purity of the antigens was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The roles of these antigens in the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, IL-6 and $TNF{\alpha}$ from mouse peritoneal macrophages were investigated. PA alone did not induce the production of the inflammatory mediators while the other antigens, S-Ag and W-Ag, did in a dose and time dependent manner. These results suggested that in addition to major virulence factors, other cellular antigens are also involved in the initial stage of the disease by the induction of inflammatory mediators.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between efficacy and various factors of the acne patients. Method : We reviewed 30 acne patients who visited Allergy/Derma-cosmetic Clinic at Kyung Hee Neo Medical Center from June, 2006 to December, 2007 and were treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture for 4 weeks. We investigated premenstrual aggravation of acne, facial burning sensation, constipation, Heart Rate Variability(HRV) results and regional distribution of acne. And we evaluated inflammatory acnes according to the Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS). Results & Conclusions : 1. The average age of total patients was 23.0 years old. The most frequent age group was 21-25 years old. Patients evaluated as KAGS Grade 2 were most common. 2. In total patients, inflammatory acne were reduced significantly after 4 weeks of treatment. 3. The result of analysis on premenstrual aggravation of acne, facial burning sensation and constipation, there weren't any difference of treatment results on statistical meaning. 4. The results show that there were significant correlations between the Low Frequency at HRV and the rate of acne reduction. (Pearson correlation = -0.565) 5. If the distribution of acne did not involve the T-zone of the face, chest, or back of the body, inflammatory acne were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of treatment.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 CGT의 항염증과 관련한 다양한 실험을 실시하였다. In-vitro 실험에서 MTT, NO, ROS와 같은 염증 매개 물질 실험은 RAW 264.7 세포를 이용하여 실시하였다. In-vivo 실험은 아토피피부염 동물 모델인 NC/Nga 생쥐에서 항염증과 관련한 인자 및 조직학적 변화 등을 관찰하였다. CGT는 RAW 264.7 세포에서 100% 이상의 생존율을 나타냈으며, LPS를 이용한 NO와 ROS의 검사에서도 효과를 나타내었다. CGT 처치 그룹은 혈청 내 IL-$1{\beta}$와 IL-6, TNF-흰 에서 53%, 43%, 57%의 유의성 있는 감소를 나타내었고, IgE 역시 56%의 감소를 보였다. 또한, 피부에 지방세포의 침윤을 억제하고, 표피 및 진피의 두께 역시 감소하였다. 그 결과 CGT는 NC/Nga 생쥐에서 항염증에 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 CGT는 아토피피부염과 염증 치료에 좋은 효과가 있다고 제안하는 바이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Objectives : In order to investigate the efficacy of BJBB on atopic dermatitis, various anti-inflammatory factors were studied. Methods : In-vitro, inflammatory mediators, such as MTT and nitric oxide were detected after the addition of LPS with or without BJBB in Raw 264.7 cells. In-vivo, in order to verify the effectiveness of BJBB in atopic dermatitis animal model, its role in inflammation factors and histological changes were observed in NC/Nga mice. Results : BJBB showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in Raw 264.7 cells. BJBB inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide in RAW 264.7cells. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in the expression of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a by 40%, 80% and 44% respectively. Also the group showed decrease in the transcription of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a mRNA in spleen by 41%, 93% and 39% respectively. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte and monocytes immune cell ratio in blood by 54%, 63%, 57% and 86% respectively. BJBB treated group showed decrease in the expression of IgG by 39% respectively. Also, infiltration of adipocytes into skin was suppressed and the thickness of epidermis and dermis were relatively decreased in the BJBB treated group. Conclusion : BJBB has an anti-inflammatory effects in NC/Nga mouse. Thus, these results suggested a beneficial effect of BJBB in treatment with Atopic dermatitis and inflammatory.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2017

Beauvericin (BEA), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide produced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana, is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial actions. However, how BEA suppresses macrophage-induced inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory properties of BEA and the underlying molecular mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), mRNA levels of transcription factors and the inflammatory genes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1, and protein levels of activated intracellular signaling molecules were determined by Griess assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), luciferase reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. BEA dose-dependently blocked the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells without inducing cell cytotoxicity. BEA also prevented LPS-triggered morphological changes. This compound significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ subunits p65 and p50. Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that BEA suppresses MyD88-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. By analyzing upstream signaling events for $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and overexpressing Src and Syk, these two enzymes were revealed to be targets of BEA. Together, these results suggest that BEA suppresses $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory responses by suppressing both Src and Syk.