• 아동학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.173-191
• /
• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between infants' crying associated with their temperament and mothers' subjective responses to their crying. The subjects were 212 mothers and their 4- to 8-month-old infants living in Seoul, Korea. RITQ and EASI were administered to mothers. Mothers' perceptions of tape recordings of infants' crying were recorded. The data were analyzed by t-test and ${\chi}^2$ test. The main results were that (1) infant's temperament could be divided into five groups: the easy, the intermediate-low, the intermediate-high, the difficult, and the slow-to-warm up infant groups. The more negatively emotional and impulsive the mother's temperament, the more difficult was the infant's temperament. (2)The crying of the difficult infants was perceived more as an indication of major physical discomfort than that of the easy infants. (3)Both mothers of difficult and mothers of easy infants displayed differences in maternal interventions by type of infant cries: cries of difficult infants elicited more maternal intervention of "soothing" or "picking up" than those of easy infants. On the other hand, cries of easy infants elicited more maternal intervention of "playing with toy" and "leaving him alone, if possible" than those of difficult infants.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.38-60
• /
• 1989

The present analysis was undertaken to find out the relationships between birth weight & Apgar Score of newborn infant & maternal factors. The medical records of 1436 newborn infants who had been at the Korea University III Seoul from January. 1.1984. to December. 31. 1985, were examined. Measurements include weight and Apgar Score. As the possible factors influencing the birth weight & Apgar Score of newborn infant, 9 variables such as : mother's age, frequency ·of pregnancy, frequency of fullterm delivery, frequency. of premature, frequency of abortion, mother's hemoglobin level, complications during pregnancy gestational period and infant sex at birth were selected among the items recorded in the medical records of newborn infants and their mothers. The weight & Apgar Score of newborn infants were compared separately by sex with group percent of those variables. The results were summarized as follows: 1. All of those factors chosen are supposed to be influencing upon the birth weight and Apgar Score examined at birth indirectly through inducing early termination of pregnancy. 2. The most influencing variable of birth weight of newborn infants was gestation period. The most influencing variable of Apgar Score of infant newborn was gestation period. 3. The relationships of those influencing factors are more clear on the birth weights of newborn than on the Apgar Score. 4. More then half of low birth weight infants are turned out to be physiologically normal through the evaluation by Apgar Scoring. Conclusively, All of those factors chosen are supposed to be influencing upon the birth weight and apgar score examined at birth indirectly through inducing early termination of pregnancy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.198-206
• /
• 2013

목적 본 연구는 신생아중환자실에 입원해 있는 저출생체중아를 대상으로 '어머니의 노래 들려주기 중재'의 효과를 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법 서울 시내에 소재하는 일개 대학병원의 신생아중환자실에 입원한 대상자를 임의표출하여 비동등성 대조군 전후설계로 총 48명의 영아중 실험군 24명, 대조군 24명을 대상으로 하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 결과 어머니의 노래 들려주기 중재를 제공받은 저출생체중아는 활력징후의 생리적 반응인 심박동수, 호흡수와 산소포화도에서 실험군과 대조군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 행동상태 점수는 두 집단 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 검증되었다. 즉, 노래 들려주기 중재를 제공받은 저출생체중아는 행동상태가 안정되는 결과를 보였다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 신생아중환자실에서 오랜 기간 치료를 받아야 하는 저출생체중아를 위한 긍정적인 청각자극으로서 어머니의 노래 들려주기 중재를 활용할 수 있는 객관적인 근거자료를 마련하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 또한 이러한 중재를 통해 재원기간 동안 저출생체중아의 돌봄에 어머니의 참여를 독려할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 영아와 부모 사이의 이른 상호작용을 증진시키는 기회를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 아동간호실무의 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.309-321
• /
• 1992

A study was designed to assess the current status of infant feeding and weaning practice through an retrospective survey on feeding method, a period of weaning and various kinds of weaning food. Analysing a few influential environmental factors while assessing the level of knowledge today's mothers have on infant nutrition. The results are as follows: 1. As random samples for this study, a total of 516 mothers having infants under the age of 3 were surveyed. Among them, 235 were from Seoul and 281 were from Kyongi province (Yongin, Suwon, Bupyong, Poil, Kihung, Ansan(Chungbuk)). 2. Among the infants who fell under the category of normality (Kaup index $15{\sim}18$), the infants from Seoul area amounted to 60.7%, surpassing the percentage of the infants from Kyongi province, 41.9%. The percentage of the infants belong to a group of under nutrition (Kaup index <13) was relatively higher than that of the infants in a group of overnutrition (Kaup index >20). 3. 16.1% of mother surveyed were breast-fed, 54.6% were formula-fed and 29.3% were mixed-fed. The result indicated that the percentage of breast-fed infants of high-educated, working mothers were relatively lower than those of low-educated housewives. 4. Most of the respondents knew the significance or the necessity of supplementary food in terms of weaning. 5. 98.8% of those surveyed responded that the mother's adequate knowledge on weaning was necessary. 70.1% of them replied that they wanted to get various and in-depth information in printed materials such as books or other kinds of publications. They, also showed deep interest in recipe of weaning food. 6. The average period when those surveyed began weaning of their infants was $4.3{\pm}1.8$ months. The tendency of earlier weaning in 3 months was founded among 41.1% of them. About half of the respondents, 52.3%, started weaning of their infants in $4{\sim}6$ months. In overall, 93.4% of them set on weaning in less than 6 months after babies were born. The survey, in addition, revealed an interesting fact that earlier weaning of infants was shown in the group of high-educated mothers. 7. According to the study, finishing period of weaning was $13.3{\pm}5.4$ months on average. Only 38.9% of the respondents ended weaning of their infants in 12 months, the proper period recommended by renowned experts. In general, the infants on formula-feeding finished their weaning later than those on breast-feeding (p<0.05).

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.151-164
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a mother-infant interaction intervention program based on enhancing sensitivity to infant cues. Subjects were 9 infants, 3-26 months of age and their mothers, 6 Korean, 2 Mongolian and 1 North Korean. The intervention program was based on the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training model(NCAST; Barnard, 1994); data were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney Test. Results were that the interaction score and infant caring confidence score of the intervention group was higher than the non-intervention group. Mother's sensitive responses to infant cues enhanced the degree of mother-infant interaction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.757-766
• /
• 1994

The survey was conducted to investigate several factors affecting the disease outcome with 116 infants aged 10 to 24 months residing in Kunsan city, Cheonbuk province . General characteristics, weaning practice , nutrient intake and the actual state for affecting disease were studied. Among many factors, mother's educational status was found to be the most influencing factor for affecting the disease outcome analyzed by oneway ANOVA. The exposure index disease, cold and diarrrhea, against mother's education were analyzed to find out the major factors for disease outcome. The education group up to middle school graduates, mother's job , nutrients supplements, feeding method, sex of baby were the factors, for the high school graduates, job , nutrients supplements were the causes, and the group graduated from the college the above grade mother's health state was the most important factor for the baby exposing to the disease. The disease outcome decreased when the bottle feeding was replaced by breast feeding, sufficient nutrients supplementation was recommended , and health care for mother during pregnancy was strongly advised.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 1994

The longitudinal changes in transitional milk intakes and body weight of infants(18 boys, 10 girls) have been studied in the part of Kangwon Province from 7 days to 15 days postpartum. Milk intakes at 7, 10, 15 days postpartum were 474$\pm$155, 524$\pm$154 and 547$\pm$130g, respectively. The mean milk intakes were 515g from 7 to 15 days postpartum. Milk intakes of boys were significantly higher than those of girls. The transitional milk intakes per weight of infants appeared 147$\pm$41g/kg. The number of feed per day of boys were significantly higher than those of girls. Milk intakes per fed were 56$\pm$20g. The transitional milk intakes were affected by gestational period(p<0.05), maternal height(p<0.05) and mother's transitional milk yields (p<0.001). Infants transitional milk intakes were 82.6$\pm$17.0% of mothers transitional milk yields. Infants gained its weight 24.6, 40.1 and 39.0g/day at, 7, 10, 15 days postpartum, respectively.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.150-167
• /
• 1991

The intent of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the change of the mother - infant interactions over the periods of one month, three months and six months of the infant's age. This study is also intended to explore the interrelationships among three major factors- the perception of pregnancy, the mother -infant inter-action and the maternal attitude. The samples participated are 36 pairs of mother and infant from two university hospitals in Seoul. A data collection was made, from October in 1988 to September in 1989, for each subject at five periods of time ; prenatal period (after 36 weeks in pregnancy), postpartum two or three days, one month, three months and six months of infant's age. The research tools used in this investigation are Mother - Infant Play Interaction Scale (MIPIS), Prenatal Self- Evaluation Questionnaire and Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale. Some of the findings are as follows ; 1. There is a significant increase in the mother - infant interaction from one month to three months and six months of infant's age. The highest score of the mother - infant interaction during three periods is at the time of three months. 2. The primipara's mother -infant interaction is not affected by the demographic characteristics, such as age, education and vocation of mother, types of delivery, or sex of infant. 3. Among seven categories of the perception of pregnancy, the most positively perceived categories by primiparas are acceptance of pregnancy and identification of. a motherhood role : whereas the negative ones are preparation for labor, concern for well -being of self and baby, md fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control in order of negativity. 4. There is no significant relationship between the perception of pregnancy and the mother - infant interactions. 5. There is no significant change in the maternal attitude over the period of one month, three months, and six months of infant's age. 6. There is no significant relationship between the maternal attitude and the mother - infant interactions. 7, The significant relationships are (end between the perception of pregnancy and maternal attitude, especially in the categories of concern for well -being of self and baby, accetance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control, and relationship with husband. In conclusion, it is confirmed that primipara's mother-infant interactions change over time period, and that perception of pregnancy and the maternal attitude do not affect the mother-infant interactions despite a significat relationship between those two variables. The implications of this investigation include a suggestion that nurses need to teach and demonstrate to mothers how to care for and interact with their infants, with a view to improving the mother-infant interactions which can be obtained through the improvement of maternal sensitivity to their infants.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2006

This study investigated intergenerational transmission from mother's attachment representation to infant's attachment pattern and the associations between maternal attachment representation and their childhood experiences. Subjects were forty 12- to 15-month-old infants and their mothers. The Adult Attachment Interview (Main & Goldwyn, 1984) was used to assess mother's attachment representation. The Strange Situation (Ainsworth, 1978) was used to classify infant's attachment relationship. Mothers were classified as autonomous (F), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (E), or unresolved/disorganized (Ud). Infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-resistant (C), or insecure-disorganized (D). Exact A/B/C/D and Ds/F/E/Ud agreement was observed in 30 of 40 dyads(75%). Maternal childhood experiences were related to maternal attachment representation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

Human breast milk is a potential source of bacteria for the development of the intestinal microbiota of infants. Several species within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were demonstrated to shape the gut microbiota of infants. In this study, the bacterial diversity was investigated in the breast milk and feces of a mother-infant pair, and probiotic candidates were identified. Importantly, the novel L. gasseri EJL and B. breve JTL strains were isolated from breast milk and infant feces samples, respectively; their completed genome was resolved using de novo sequencing. In addition, the bacterial composition in the infant's feces at 1 week revealed the prevalence of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus; a higher diversity was observed after 3 weeks. In particular, the abundance of Akkermansia was sharply increased at 7 weeks, further increasing thereafter, up to 15 weeks. Our results suggest that human breast milk and infant's feces are a source of probiotic candidates.