• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.196-208
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• 1998

To improve the quality of environmental measurements and evaluation of the workplace air in the pigment manufacturing industries, we analyzed metal(chromium, cadmium, lead, iron, cobalt, manganese, antimony, titanium, arsenic, and selenium) concentrations by ICP-AES in sixty seven samples of inorganic bulk pigments which are produced and/or used in Korea. We also collected MSDS which has to be supplied by manufacturer and/or supplier and posted in the workplace according to the Hazard Communication Standards, and compared the number of metals listed in each MSDS with the number of metals determined by ICP-AES. Results were as followed; 1. Among seventeen yellowish-colored samples, chromium(2~19%) and lead(0.1~61%) were the two major metals. In thirteen reddish-colored samples, iron was the major component with 37~81%. Cobalt and manganese were detected in blue-colored samples with less than 1%, while antimony and titanium were the major two metals in white-colored pigments with 178~300 ppm and with 36~65%, respectively. 2. In area samples collected in workplace air(one pigments producing factory and five retailer stores), iron and manganese were detected but the concentrations not exceeded the TLVs(1 and $5mg/m^3$, respectively). In three of fifteen samples, the concentrations of lead exceeded the TLV ($0.05mg/m^3$). 3. Two out of seven companies provided MSDS, and the average provision rate was 22.4%. And the coincidence rate of the number of metals referenced in MSDS and determined by ICP-AES mostly accorded, but in one sample, different metal was detected from MSDS. In summary, metals have to be concerned in evaluation of the workplace air dealing with compounds of inorganic pigments dust are cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, lead and antimony, and these are simultaneously determined by ICP-AES. Taking this opportunity, it is needed to reinforce that the personnel is to be concerned about prevention of workers' ill health regarding to provision of MSDS.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2011

Objectives: This investigation is purposed to evaluate the airborne asbestos concentrations in the public buildings having asbestos containing materials(ACMs) in Seoul. Methods: The Seoul Metropolitan Government carried out an asbestos survey to the city-owned public buildings to identify the level of risk exposure, classified into low, moderate and high risk. To evaluate the airborne concentration of asbestos, 11 sampling sites in ten buildings based on the survey were selected. The air samples from the eleven sites were analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopy(PCM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and compared the analytical results from the both. Results: 1. The airborne fiber concentrations by PCM were less than the detection limit($7f/mm^2$) in 9(82%) out of 11 sampling sites. The highest concentration was 0.0043 f/cc, but it was below the guideline value for indoor air quality(0.01 f/cc), proposed by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. 2. In two sampling sites, having moderate risk level, the chrysotile was identified and showed it's concentrations of 0.0102 s/cc and 0.0058 s/cc, less than $5{\mu}m$ lengths. 3. The ACMs identified in the two sampling sites were a packing material(65% of chrysotile) in mechanical area and a thermal system insulation(5% of chrysotile) in a boiler room. Having more possibility of asbestos emission in the mechanical area, it would be required to set up and carry out the asbestos management plan. Conclusions: Based on the result of this study, the airborne asbestos concentrations in the public buildings with ACMs were generally lower than the guideline value for indoor air quality. There are widespread concerns about the possible health risk resulting from the presence of airborne asbestos fibers in the public buildings. Most of the previous studies about airborne asbestos analysis in Korea were performed based on PCM method that asbestos and non-asbestos fibers are counted together. In the public and commercial buildings, having ACMs, it is suggested that the asbestos be analyzed by TEM method to identify asbestos due to concerns about asbestos exposure to workers and unspecified people.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.116-135
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• 1991

Few studies have been conducted on the detailed routes of medical care utilization under the National Health Insurance. This study was undertaken to identify the utilization patte군 of health care facilities among industrial workers and their dependents. One of the largest health insurance association was purposively chosen for this objective. The association had 345, 757 members as of 31 December, 1990. The study sample of 297, 948 subjects have been drawn from the membership pool on the basis of their continuous membership status during 1 January through 31 December 1990. This study has tried to identify differential utilization patterns between acute and chronic conditions, and among standard income classes. All the diagnoses were recoded in a manner to achieve the objective of this study. As for acute diseases, most age group had used one medical facility as much as by 60% except the age group of 1-4, This young age group had used over three different health facilities as much as by 10.9-15.8%. The finding suggests that some policy measures by sought for remedying the excessive/inappropriate use of services. In addition, mid-income classes(between 17 and 48) were more likely to use multiple sources of care than lower income classes(between 1 and 16) and upper income classes(above 49). This study has revealed that chronic cases are more likely to pursue multiple sources of care, however those with chronic conditions tend to use single health facility more than those with acute conditions(67.9% versus 52.4%). As many as 12.2% have visited more than three health facilities in chronic conditions, but 5.9% for acute conditions. The most likely source of care was primary clinics for both acute and chronic conditions. Compared with the role of general hospital, small-size hospitals found to play a minimal role in the care and referral of patients. This indicates the need of strengthening the function of small-size hospitals. While a minor cross utilization of western medicine and pharmacy was noted, no significant boundary crossing was identified between western medicine and oriental medicine, or between pharmacy and oriental medicine. It is too early to confirm that whether there is substitutability or cross utilization among these alternative sources of care. A further study is needed to identify these relationship.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.82-111
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• 2010

이 연구는 산학(기업 공고) 연계 맞춤형 인력양성 프로그램(이하 '맞춤과정')을 수료하고 입직하여 2년 정도 근무한 수료근로자 3명을 인터뷰하여 그들의 취업 후 습숙경험을 분석한 것이다. 연구자는 2008년 선행된 경력설계 연구를 기반으로 초기습숙의 과정을 의존적 근로자에서 독립적 근로자로 이행하는 단계로 보고, 맞춤과정 수료근로자가 현장에 배치된 이후 약 2년간 어떤 습숙경험을 하는지에 초점을 두고 면담하고, 그 내용을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업이 신입자의 습숙을 돕기 위해 실시하는 안내 및 교육으로서는 회사의 역사 및 현황, 근무수칙, 안전 등을 담은 신입사원 교육, 여러 작업 실무현장의 '맛 보이기', 사수-조수관계 맺어주기, 매뉴얼 및 직무기준 제시 등이었다. 이는 '통과의례' 같은 것으로서 습숙의 기본적인 디딤돌이 된다. 둘째, 습숙을 이끌어가는 상호작용과 자기성찰로서 구조화되어 있는 질책, 구성원간 유대, 경험의 누적과 성찰을 통한 깊은 학습 등이 있었다. 공식적 조치에 의해 안면을 익힌 신입자는 선임자의 질책을 받으며 상당기간(1-2년) 험난한 인고의 과정을 거쳐 질책을 받지 않고 스스로 일을 할 수 있는 수준에 이른다. 수직적 위계질서보다 수평적 유대가 강조되는 조직에서는 쉽게 경험을 공유한다. 그리고 제보자는 자신의 경험을 돌아보아 적응하기, 조직에서 살아남기, 발견한 기술을 함께 공유하고 성장하기와 같은 것을 학습하였다. 셋째, 습숙에 장애가 되는 환경 여건으로는 신입자의 습숙에 대한 숙련자의 경계, 장시간 근로와 여유시간의 결핍, 저임금 등이 있었다. 일반적으로 숙련자들은 신입자에게 경계의식을 갖고 자신이 가지고 있는 암묵지를 노출시키려고 하지 않는다. 그러나 수평적 유대가 강조되는 조직에서는 서로 쉽게 기술을 공유한다. 단순 기술과 저임금의 기업특수기술도 습숙동기를 유발하지 못한다. 연구결과는 맞춤과정 개발시 협약기업이 제시하는 직무뿐 아니라 그 직무수행자들을 위한 습숙지원제도 및 과정 등에 대해서도 분석하여 반영해야 함을 시사한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권39호
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• pp.5-46
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• 2016

North Korea's 4th nuclear test on Jan. 6 and following developments once again awakened the world into seriousness of the nuclear matters on the Korean peninsula. On March 2, UNSC adopted Resolution 2270 which is complemented by Seoul government's measures such as withdrawal from the Gaesung Industrial Complex (Feb. 9) and announcement of unilateral sanction (March 8). Seoul government also strongly urged the international community to strangle North Korea's 'financial resources.' The U.S., Japan, China, and other countries have issued unilateral sanctions to complement the UNSC measure. South Korea and the U.S. conducted their annual joint military drill (Resolve-Foal Eagle) in the largest-ever scale. North Korea, however, responded with demonstration of its nuclear capabilities and announcement of de facto 'nuclear-first' politics. North Korea test-fired a variety of delivery vehicles, threatened nuclear strikes against South Korea and the U.S., and declared itself as an 'invincible nuclear power armed with hydrogen bombs' at the 7th Workers 'Party Congress held in May, 2016. Considering the circumstantial evidences, the North's 4th nuclear test may have been a successful boosted fission bomb test. North Korea, and, if allowed to go on with its nuclear programs, will become a nuclear power armed with more than 50 nuclear weapons including hydrogen bombs. The North is already conducting nuclear blackmail strategy towards South Korea, and must be developing 'nuclear use' strategies. Accordingly, the most pressing challenge for the international community is to bring the North to 'real dialogue for denuclearization through powerful and consistent sanctions. Of course, China's cooperation is the key to success. In this situation, South Korea has urgent challenges on diplomacy and security fronts. A diplomatic challenge is how to lead China, which had shown dual attitudes between 'pressure and connivance' towards the North's nuclear matters pursuant to its military relations with the U.S, to participate in the sanctions consistently. A military one is how to offset the 'nuclear shadow effects' engendered by the North's nuclear blackmail and prevent its purposeful and non-purposeful use of nuclear weapons. Though South Korea's Ministry of Defense is currently spending a large portion of defense finance on preemption (kill-chain) and missile defense, they pose 'high cost and low efficiency' problems. For a 'low cost and high efficiency' of deterrence, South Korea needs to switch to a 'retaliation-centered' deterrence strategy. Though South Korea's response to the North's nuclear threat can theoretically be boiled down into dialogue, sanction and deterrence, now is the time to concentrate on strong sanction and determined deterrence since they are an inevitable mandatory course to destroy the North' nuclear-first delusion and bring it to a 'real denuclearization dialogue.'

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2008

The objective of the survey is to define and judge exposure profiles semi-qualitative data in high risk processes using styrene. The survey was conducted on 98 factories out of 229 factories based on data from periodic working environment monitoring for styrene. Styrene is widely utilized as a raw material for PS and co-polymers such as ABS, SAN, SBR, SBL, unsaturated polyester resins(UPR) and others. An approximate breakdown of styrene's markets in Korea is PS 30%, expandable PS 17%, ABS 33%, SAN 5%, SBL 4%, SBR 3%, UPR 1% and other 7%. Although UPR accounts for 1% of total amount of styrene, workers dealing with it are exposed to very high concentrations up to 64 ppm. Especially styrene is widely used in the laminating process of fiberglass reinforced plastics(FRP) manufacturing industry. The Applications using styrene are largely classified into two sections which are applied to styrene monomer(SM) and UPR. SM is utilized for a raw material of resins, surfactant and adhesive. UPR is employed for FRP and non-FRP. For SM control targets are mixing colors and packing in the gelcoat resins manufacturing industry(MI), for UPR control targets out of works using UPR are 1) laminating in the MI of plastics, automobile parts and boats, 2) mixing and packing in the SMC/BMC MI, 3) molding and cutting in the other specific plastics MI, 4) mixing and coating in artificial marble product MI, 5) dipping in the electric motors & transformers MI, 6) molding in the button MI, 7) painting in the musical instrument MI. Findings from the study have given the information for the high risk processes and working practices so that occupational health professionals could focus on targeted workplaces to prevent occupational diseases. It is also useful to develop a control strategies and specific controls for high risk processes and facilities using styrene.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

산업현장에서의 사고와 질병을 차단하기 위해서 정부가 각종 예방대책을 운영하고 있음에도 불구하고, 사고 재해율과 달리 질병 재해율은 감소하지 않고 있다. 업무상 질병은 잠복기를 거치고 발병되거나, 장기간에 걸쳐 서서히 진행되는 경우가 많아서 근로자는 업무와 질병 사이의 인과관계를 증명하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 더욱이 산업현장과 관련된 자료는 대부분 사용자에게 있으며, 자료의 일부가 근로자에게 있더라도 의학적 전문지식이 부족하여 질병의 특성 및 발현과정을 규명하는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제점이 제기되는 상황에서, 2017년 8월 대법원은 첨단산업 분야에서 유해화학물질 노출에 의한 직업병(다발성 경화증)의 업무상 재해를 인정함에 있어 근로자의 증명책임을 완화한 전향적 판결을 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해당사건을 중심으로 첨단산업 현장에서 발생한 업무상 질병 사건에 대한 판례를 분석하고, 그에 따른 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 희귀질환의 업무상 재해 인정에 대한 관련 법률의 미비점을 보완하여 근로자가 보다 안전한 환경에서 근무함으로써 건강권과 노동권을 담보하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.40-51
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• 2006

Backgrouds : This study was performed to compare the satisfaction levels for health examination programs provided by between the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation (KNHIC) and private healthcare organizations in Korea. We investigated factors associated with the satisfaction level for the KNHIC health examination. Also, factors explaining for the additional receipt of private healthcare organization's examination were identified. Methods : A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in June 2004 with 250 beneficiaries of the KNHIC industrial workers' program and 100 beneficiaries of the KNHIC selfemployed program. A total of 297 completed the questionnaire, including 213 (85.2%) and 84 (84.0%) for each insurance program. Ten questions measuring satisfaction levels for each examination program were rated on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly unsatisfied) to 5 (strongly satisfied). Results : Among the subjects receiving both examinations, the mean satisfaction level for the KNHIC examination (3.07) was significantly lower than that for the private healthcare organization's examination (3.50) (p<0.05). The KNHIC examination showed lower satisfaction for all of the 10 items than the counterpart. In particular, the KNHIC examination had the scores of lower than 3.0 for the items reflecting post-examination management services. According to the multiple regression analysis results, the satisfaction for the KNHIC examination was positively associated with the positive attitude toward health examination(${\bullet}$,=0.38, p<0.00). The logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of receiving the private healthcare organization's examination in addition to the KNHIC examination increases as the respondents were less healthier(OR=0.29, 95% CI = 0.10¢¶0.84), the satisfaction level for the KNHIC examination decreased(OR=0.46, 0.28¢¶0.75) or the attitude toward health examination was more positive (OR=2.56, 1.31¢¶5.12). Conclusion : The relatively low satisfaction level for both examination programs suggests that there's ample room for improvement of health examination services in Korea. The negative association between additional receipt of private healthcare organization's examination and satisfaction level for the KNHIC examination implies that the improvement of the satisfaction for the KNHIC examination would help to reduce the national expenditure spent on the additional examination.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.239-256
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 공학교육 이해관계자(stakeholder)인 교수, 학생, 직원/조교들을 대상으로 공학교육인증제를 포함한 공학교육 체제에 대한 만족도와 개선사항을 조사 분석하여 공학교육 발전을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고, 공학교육 체제의 실효성 있는 개선방안을 도출하는데 있다. 이러한 연구 목적에 터한 공학교육 체제의 개선 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실습실 및 장비 등 교육환경을 개선하기 위하여 수요자 요구분석을 실시하고 이를 토대로 중장기 교육환경 개선과 재정이 확보되어야 한다. 둘째, 공학교육 이해관계자간 관계 증진을 위하여 멘토링 프로그램과 미래상담설계 등의 제도가 실효성 있게 재정비 되어야 한다. 셋째, 교육 행정서비스의 만족도를 높이기 위하여 서비스의 질 평가를 통한 우수 직원/조교에 대한 보상과 직무교육 강화 등의 개선이 요구되며, 공학교육인증제와 관련한 행정 업무의 단순화와 전담인원 충원 등이 검토되어야 한다. 넷째, 공학교육인증제의 이해를 높이기 위해 공학교육혁신센터의 위상 강화와 체계적인 홍보 체제가 필요하며, 외부 인사가 포함된 '공학교육 체제 평가 협의회(가칭)'와 같은 공학교육 평가 전문가 위원회가 필요하다. 다섯째, 공학교육인증제는 이해관계자들의 실익 부재와 행정 소요의 피로 누적 등으로 인하여 그 실효성에 대해 문제가 제기되고 있는 바 이에 대한 하여 공학교육 관련기관 차원의 방안 연구가 시급하다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 국가경제성장에 그 중요성을 더해가고 있는 소프트웨어 산업의 전문인력육성을 위한 교육과정의 개발절차와 그 결과를 제시하였다. 특히, 개발된 교육과정은 산업현장을 반영하기 위해 국가직무능력표준(NCS)에 기반을 두었으며, 교육효과의 극대화를 위해 교육방법에 있어서는 S-OJT(체계적 현장직무 교육훈련:Structured on the job training)를 활용하였다. 본 연구를 위해 소프트웨어 산업과 관련한 경제지표와 관련인력의 투입 등의 자료를 검토하여 그 산업의 중요성을 확인하였으며, S-OJT방법의 차용을 위해, 선행 연구를 검토하여 해당 개념을 충분히 반영한 교육과정을 개발하고자 하였다. 특히 NCS기반의 교육과정 개발을 위한 기본 틀로서 고용노동부에서 개발하여 배포된 한국형 일 학습 듀얼 시스템 운영매뉴얼의 개발절차를 활용하였다. 현장성 높은 과정 개발을 위해 소프트웨어 분야 주식회사A의 교육요구조사분석을 통해 교육프로그램이 요구되는 직무를 선정하였다. 해당 직무를 수행하는데 필요한 지식과 기술수준을 발굴하기 위해, 기 개발된 NCS를 면밀히 검토하는 한편 NCS에 반영되지 않은 부분에 있어서는 기존자료 검토 및 전문가 자문을 통해 교육체계를 개발하였다. 총 44개의 교육과정이 4년간의 교육기간동안 이수되도록 개발되었으며, 각 과정은 교과목표, 소요시간, 교과내용, 교육방법, 그리고 선수과목을 각각 표기하였다. 또한 44개의 교육과정을 운영하는데 필요한 교육체계 로드맵, 세부 운영전략 등을 개발하였다. 사회적으로 NCS에 기반한 교육과정의 필요성이 증대되고 있는 상황에서 본 연구결과 도출된 교육체계와 교육과정은 많은 시사점을 가진다. 특히 고용노동부에서 제시하고 있는 매뉴얼에 따른 개발 절차를 자세히 소개함으로써, 향후 NCS에 기반한 산업직무별 교육과정개발에 참고자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 보다 활발한 NCS기반 교육과정 개발을 위해 해당 과정의 교육성과를 측정하기 위한 지표의 개발과 NCS에 특화된 교재의 개발이 요구된다.