• 한국가구학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2014

Recently, many studies have conducted to satisfy a physical need of human between environment of light on space, so an atrium structure has been applied to cultural complex. However, this structure brings about many problems such as overheating in summer, excessive vertical temperature differences, condensation, diffusion of noise, effect of echo, and withering landscapes. Especially, in this research, thermal comfort by difference of vertical temperature in the space of atrium and the optical characteristics of glass skins of the atrium could be remarkably effected by solar flux entering indoors.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2002

Recently, due to high rise building by rapid urbanization, the spaces incapable of being penetrated by sunlight into interior is increasing. So, sunlighting systems are important means to be able to get sunlight into indoors and to make sure of sunshine awareness. This study aims to evaluate lighting performance of sunlighting mirror systems. As results. these are very useful for the increase of an average illuminance of indoors and the penetration of sunlight. Especially, the second reflecting mirrors can be applied to spaces lack of sunlight. And these sunlighting systems developed in the present study is validated physical and psychological performance to both building and people.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2001

As various colors are used indoors and such colors influence on the image of indoors, color selection and color combination are a very important issue in inferior design. The purpose of this study is to analyse characteristic of color usage in interior design elements such as the floor, the wall, the ceiling and furnitures. The result of analysis shows the frequently used Munsell code corresponding to the cmyk code. Based on this analysis, this paper classifies largely into two kinds of the color combination type which can be used leer efficient color selection with good harmony The first combination type is divided into five types and the second is classified into three types. This paper argues that combination design principle, as a strong design tool, for color should be further developed for good quality of color design.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2004

Outdoors we can easily acquire our accurate location by GPS. However, the GPS signal can't be acquired indoors because of its weak signal power level. Adequate positioning method is demanded for many indoor positioning applications. At present, wireless local area network (WLAN) is widely installed in various areas such as airport, campus, and park. This paper proposes a positioning algorithm using WLAN signal strength to provide the position of the WLAN user indoors. There are two methods for WLAN based positioning, the signal propagation method uses signal strength model over space and the empirical method uses RF power propagation database. The proposed method uses the probability distribution of the power propagation and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm based on power strength DB. Test results show that the proposed method can provide reasonably accurate position information.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2010

Recently, identifying user locations is becoming important as the society evolves into an ubiquitous society with the innovation of information technology. Particularly, many researches on identifying user locations are headed in direction to identify locations of users in the indoors, because a GPS that is widely used to identify the locations of users in the outdoors is inapplicable in the indoors. However, those researches are mostly not useful to general indoor environment because they are performed in a specific environment with specialized or customized devices such as UWB, RFID. Therefore, in this paper we propose a effective method to identify user locations in general indoor environments with wireless local network access points. Our approach enables to identify user location efficiently by measuring signal power of access points around the user and using the FRIIS formula which is used to calculate the distance among the things.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.349-350
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• 2023

In the field of domestic construction, 3D modeling mainly targets outdoor construction sites, and acquires outdoor spatial information by operating UAVs and UGVs equipped with cameras. 3D modeling of construction sites tends to expand its scope to indoors along with the increasing demand for site monitoring and management through indoor spatial information. In the case of indoors, it is impossible to shoot with a drone after the framework and outer walls of the building are completed, so it is necessary to collect indoor spatial information and 3D modeling using a 360 camera. The purpose of this study is limited to basic research to establish a process that can obtain simple and high-quality indoor 3D modeling results using indoor data collected from 360 cameras.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1309-1321
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• 2011

Clothes for a 3 to 6 year-old toddler should be made in consideration of their behavioral characteristics since it is when the physical ability of toddlers has rapidly developed and their social, emotional, and cognitive development are increasingly active. Indoor clothes are the item that consumers prefer because they provide the function of outside underwear when functioning as outerwear when indoors that is used frequently for toddlers. We analyzed the wearing condition and the uncomfortable aspects of toddler's clothes worn indoors through consumer surveys of toddler wear. This study gathers data for the development of indoor clothing that is useful for 3-6 year old toddlers. Consumer surveys indicate that the clothes most worn indoors were underwear (69.4%). The most important aspect in the selection of indoor clothes was the suitability for activities (29%). The preferred colors for indoor clothes were found to be pastel-tone colors (66%). Regarding the uncomfortable aspects of indoor clothes, knees of the clothes (36.8%) have the most naps and the breast of the clothes (37.8%) dirty quickly. Knee parts (35.4%) become worn easily; in addition, the material for the knee area is likely to have naps and require special functions. In conclusion, designing toddler clothing requires elaborated design techniques that consider the characteristics of the subject group and reduce inconveniences. This study will serve as preliminary data to develop ultimate products that have the functionality to meet gender behavior characteristics and the aesthetics for toddlers 3 to 6 years of age.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

Background: After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident, a model was developed to estimate the external exposure doses for residents who were expected to return to their homes after evacuation orders were lifted. However, the model's accuracy and uncertainties in parameters used to estimate external doses have not been evaluated. Materials and Methods: The model estimates effective doses based on the integrated ambient dose equivalent (H^*(10)) and life patterns, considering a dose reduction factor to estimate the indoor H^*(10) and a conversion factor from H^*(10) to the effective dose. Because personal dose equivalent (H_p(10)) has been reported to agree well with the effective dose after the FDNPS accident, this study validates the model's accuracy by comparing the estimated effective doses with H_p(10). The H_p(10) and life pattern data were collected for 36 adult participants who lived or worked near the FDNPS in 2019. Results and Discussion: The estimated effective doses correlated significantly with H_p(10); however, the estimated effective doses were lower than H_p(10) for indoor sites. A comparison with the measured indoor H^*(10) showed that the estimated indoor H^*(10) was not underestimated. However, the H_p(10) to H^*(10) ratio indoors, which corresponds to the practical conversion factor from H^*(10) to the effective dose, was significantly larger than the same ratio outdoors, meaning that the conversion factor of 0.6 is not appropriate for indoors due to the changes in irradiation geometry and gamma spectra. This could have led to a lower effective dose than H_p(10). Conclusion: The estimated effective doses correlated significantly with H_p(10), demonstrating the model's applicability for effective dose estimation. However, the lower value of the effective dose indoors could be because the conversion factor did not reflect the actual environment.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study conducted a conjoint analysis on early childhood teachers to find out their preferences in horticultural activities that are used as a means of education in early childhood education. Methods: For the conjoint analysis, five attributes of horticultural activities were selected. Attribute 1 was method of horticultural activities, divided into two levels: exclusive and integrated horticultural activities. Attribute 2 was object of horticultural activities, divided into three levels: fruit crops, vegetable crops, and floricultural crops. Attribute 3 was activity type, divided into three levels: big and small group, free choice, and outdoor play. Attribute 4 was place for horticultural activities, and divided into two levels: indoors and outdoors. Attribute 5 was time for horticultural activities, divided into two levels: 30 minutes and 30-60 minutes. The orthogonal design was used to extract 20 profiles, after which we conducted a survey on 320 early childhood teachers and analyzed the valid responses from 257 teachers. Results: The preference of early childhood teachers showed highest importance in object (29.1%), followed by activity type (23.2%), activity method (17.4%), time (16.1%), and place (14.2%) (Pearson's R = .591, p = .008). By level of each attribute, the importance was high in exclusive horticultural activities for activity method, big and small group for activity type, vegetable and floricultural crops for object, indoors for place, and 30 minutes for time. Conclusion: The horticultural program preferred by early childhood teachers is comprised of big and small group activities using vegetable and floricultural crops, carried out indoors for 30 minutes as an exclusive class.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.631-634
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• 2010

본 연구는 대전시와 강원도에서 사육중인 개 252두 (암컷: 127두, 수컷: 125두, 실외견: 147두, 실내견: 105두)를 대상으로 ELISA kit (SNAP 4Dx, IDEXX Lab. USA)를 이용하여 심장사상충증, 아나플라즈마증, 보렐리아증 및 얼리키아증에 대한 혈청학적 방법으로 발생율을 조사하였다. 아나플라즈마증은 암컷에서 실내견보다 실외견에서 유의성 있는 높은 감염율을 나타내었다. 또한 얼리키아증에서는 연령별로 분석한 결과, 실외견에서 실내견보다 4세미만, 4-7세사이, 7세 이상에서 각각 유의성 있는 높은 감염율을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 임상가들에게 유용한 임상자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.