• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1998

$PM_{10}$ concentrations were measured In underground stores located In 4 major cities, Chunchon, Wonju, Donghae and Sockcho, In Kangwon-Do using scattering light Integated type digital dust indicator. Per- sonal exposure to $PM_{10}$ for two women(housekeeper and gaduate students and a man(undergraduate student) were measured also. The dimensional conversion factors for mass concentrations(K) showed some difference among un- derground stores which were 2.0, 2.7, 3.4, 2.6 mg/$m^2$.CPM In chunchon, Wonju, Donghae and Sockcho, respectively. Average PMlo concentrations at underground stores were 178mg/$m^2$ in Chunchon, 141mg$m^2$ in Wonju, 125 mg/$m^2$ Donghe and 59mg/$m^2$) Sockcho. The portion of $PM_{10}$ In total suspended particles was about 50~60% as deight The exposure of graduate student, housekeeper and undergraduate to $PM_{10}$ during 12 hours were 1004. 3 (mg/$m^2$) .hr, 907.0 (mg/$m^2$) hr and 691.2 (mg/$m^2$) hr, respectively. Personal exposure to $PM_{10}$ showed very different according to heP activity pattern and they had more than 90 % of their $PM_{10}$ exposure at Indoor environment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1995

To increase the night use level, this study was analyzed perception of users about the public safety, and extracted main variables which were influencing public safety. The public safety was evaluated by the actual (on site) and nonactual users (off site) and the Delphi method. The night users of female and the elders were relatively more than male and the young respectively as compared with day. Walking was predominant in approaching means. In public safety ratings, $\boxDr$vuknerability to violence$\boxUl$varied accoding to sex, income, education, marriage, job, age. $\boxDr$crowding, $\boxDr$noise$\boxUl$ were important variables in satisfying users at night. $\boxDr$Lack of surveillance, $\boxDr$harassment of other person$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$rowdy behavior in poorer visibility$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$fear in lower intensity of light$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$vulnerability to violence$\boxUl$stood high , so it is required guarantee of security guard to enhance the park use at night Although the ratings between field and indoor evaluation were somewhat different the variables had so similiar rant.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The floating sculptures in the form of ad-ballon commonly used ropes in order to hold on. Relatively air flow is much less indoor than outdoor. Users of buoyancy sculptures hope to be able to maintain their desired posture without being fixed. This study applied drone technology to buoyancy sculptures. The drones can be moved vertically and horizontally, and the posture can be maintained, so buoyancy sculptures are easy to apply. Therefore, we have studied the control system of buoyancy sculpture using drone technology. Also, a control system that can maintain the desired posture at a constant height was studied. The overall shape was a light fiber material and helium gas for zero buoyancy to support the sculpture. The system configuration was STM32F103CB from ARM. In addition, the gyro and acceleration, geomagnetic sensors and motors are composed of small and medium size BLDC motors. The scheduling of the control system in the configuration of the control device was carefully considered. Because the role of the whole component becomes very important. The communication between the components is divided into the sensor fusion and the interface communication with the whole controller. Each communication technology is designed to expand. This study was implemented to actively respond from the viewpoint of posture control using the drone technology.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

This study is a basic study for the planning of rural community center space, which introduced the concept of healthcare. As the rural community center is a place where the elderly in rural areas live mainly during the day, this place is very important place for the healthy life of the rural elderly. We conducted an interview survey for 207 users over 65. The survey was organized with three regions to consider the regional characteristics of the community center users and geographical characteristics. As a result of the analysis of planning elements, the main preferences for indoor and outdoor space elements are planning elements such as safety, air quality, light, and the thermal environment and safety handle, night lights, safety walkway. These preferences should be considered for the more healthy friendly rural community center.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2020

Hospital architecture must be planned as a therapeutic space. Numerous studies have proven that exposure to nature has a healing effect. However, research on the architecture itself about this issue is still insufficient. This study analyzed Le Corbusier's Venice hospital project and its architectural configurations with nature. Le Corbusier had been interested in blurring the interior/exterior line to draw nature inside. In his projects, nature was conceived in an abstract sense as "something green." However, in the hospital project, natural elements including vegetation, the lagoon, and light, and the landscape scenery they created, were considered in the harmony of the architectural space. The architectural spaces with courtyards, pilotis, and roof gardens provided views and direct access to nature, and in the interior spaces, the connections to these external spaces and the permeation of views of nature and sunlight were incorporated. Many spaces provided the possibility to actually encounter nature, with a variety of indoor/outdoor space configurations rather than a merely passive placing of some natural elements. This project is considered to be an important reference for contemporary hospital architecture, since the architectural space and nature connected through various spatial configurations also in healthcare programs. As Le Corbusier emphasized, sunlight, vegetation, and also architectural space should be an essential factor in therapeutic hospital architecture planning.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2020

본 연구는 폐쇄형 식물공장에서 시금치 수경재배시 세가지의 인공광이 생육, 광합성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 세가지 광 처리구는 적색 (660nm), 청색 (450nm) 및 녹색 (550nm) LED를 사용하여, R660 / B450 = 4/1 (RBL), R660 / B450 / G550 = 5/2/3 (WWL); R660 / B450 / G550 = 1/1/1 (WL) 비율로 혼합하였고, 동일한 광도로 설정하였다 (PPFD = 190 μmol·m^-2·s^-1). 생육조사결과 초장, 엽수는 WL이 가장 적었다. SPAD, 순광합성율, Fv/Fm, LAI, 근권부 생육은 RBL이 가장 높았고 통계적으로 유의하였다. 줄기, 잎, 뿌리의 생체중, 뿌리의 건물 중은 세가지 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대조적으로 WL의 칼륨의 함량은 WWL과 RBL 가운데 가장 높았지만, 반면 칼륨과 철의 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 비타민C 함량도 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 질소와 옥살산 함량은 WL이 가장 높았고, 용해성 고체와 비타민C 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 옥살산, 질소 함량은 WWL에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, RBL의 옥살산 함량은 WL와 WWL과 차이가 없었다. 모든 처리구에서 Salmonella, E.coli.는 감염되지 않았다. 결론적으로, RBL이 시금치의 생육에 적합하지만, 적색, 청색과 적정하게 혼합된 녹색광은 시금치의 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2016

최근 급속한 녹색환경 정책으로 LED를 이용한 조명 광원들이 설치 운용하고 있으나, 이들 광원의 전원 공급은 안정된 직류 전원 공급을 위해서 스위칭 모드 전원 공급(SMPS) 장치로 전원을 공급하고 있다. 그러나, 이들 전원 공급 장치는 공급 단가 때문에 설계 및 설치과정에서 스위칭에 따른 전력과 변환역률, 전기적 노이즈 및 돌입전류들은 간과하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 SMPS는 고품질의 전원을 LED 조명 부하에 공급하기 위하여 스위칭 시에 다음과 같은 3가지 관점에서 회로를 연구하였다. 첫 번째, 역률과 효율을 약 85% 확보하고, 두 번째, 노이즈(고조파 포함) 최소화, 세 번째는 스위치-온 시 3A 돌입전류를 $100{\mu}sec$ 후 최소 0.3 A로 감소하여 돌입 전류 침입을 최소화 하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 IC형 구동기(LNK 409)를 적용하여 입력전압과 출력상황을 귀환 형태로 감시하도록 하였으며, 정전류 출력을 위하여 정전압을 유지할 수 있는 제어회로와 시상수를 개발하였다. 그러나, 부하 변동 시 미세한 전류의 불규칙으로 인한 발열 문제는 해결하지 못하고 있다. 이를 증명하고자 LED 조명 부하 46 W급을 대상으로 효과를 검증하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2011

Structural characteristics for standard models of single-span plastic greenhouse in Korea and high tunnels in North America were analyzed, and comparative analysis for greenhouse environments measuring in Korean farmhouse and Rutgers high tunnel was carried out to find structural and environmental improvements of single-span plastic greenhouses that occupy most of Korean greenhouse. Widths of high tunnels are similar to single-span plastic greenhouses but their heights are high comparatively and their side heights are fairly higher than single-span plastic greenhouses specially. Rafters, which are main frames, section sizes of high tunnels are bigger and their intervals are wider than single-span plastic greenhouses. Relative bending resistances compared with representative Korean greenhouse were analyzed by 0.92 to 1.42 in single-span plastic greenhouses, and 1.38 to 2.96 in high tunnels. Frame ratios of single-span plastic greenhouses were 6.8 to 8.6%, and those of high tunnels were 5.5 to 8.7%. We analyzed air temperatures and solar radiations measured in single-span plastic greenhouse and high tunnel on clear days in late March. There were outside temperatures in generally similar range, and judging by rise of indoor temperatures, ventilation performance of high tunnel is more excellent than single-span plastic greenhouse. Solar radiations of two areas were no big difference but light transmittance of high tunnel was a little bit higher than single-span plastic greenhouse. Single-span plastic greenhouses are disadvantageous in environmental managements such as ventilation performance and light transmittance because distance between greenhouses is too narrow and length of greenhouse is too long compared to high tunnels. To get the environmental improvement effects as well as to increase the structural resistance of single-span plastic greenhouses are achievable by widening the width of greenhouse in possible range, widening the space between rafters, and enlarging the section size of rafters. Also, we need to secure enough distance between greenhouses and to restrict the length of greenhouse by maximum 50 m in order to improve the ventilation performance and the light transmittance.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2009

본 연구는 교보생명빌딩 그린하우스를 대상으로 광조건에 따른 수목피해 및 생육상태 영향을 조사 분석하여 실내식물의 적절한 생육환경을 유지할 수 있는 적정 조도기준 도출을 목적으로 하였다. 광조건에 따른 조도현황과 고사목 교체주수, 수목피해율을 분석하여 생육조건에 따른 문제점을 파악하고 적정 조도기준을 도출하였다. 조도조사 결과 남측 음지와 양지에서 각각 531lux, 602lux로 가장 낮은 차이를 보인 반면에, 중앙 음지와 양지에서 210lux, 782lux로 약 500lux의 가장 높은 차이가 발생하였다. $1990{\sim}2004$년간 수목고사 조사결과 식재된 수목 중 아왜나무가 161주로 교체율이 가장 높았으며, 대나무 69주, 동백나무 40주, 후피향나무 40주 등의 순으로 조사되었다. 수목피해도 결과는 수종에 관계없이 채광이 양호한 양지구역에서는 평균 수목피해율이 $4.4{\sim}6.4%$로 경미하였으며, 음지구역에서는 수목피해율이 $21.9{\sim}48.8%$로 심각한 피해현상이 나타났다. 조도를 독립변수로, 수목피해도를 종속변수로 상관분석과 회귀분석을 각각 실시한 결과, 조도가 낮아질수록 수목피해율은 증가하였다. 조도가 $500{\sim}600lux$ 사이에서 피해율이 급격히 감소하였으며, 700lux 수준에서 피해율이 최소화되었다. 따라서 실내식물의 광조건에 의한 피해율을 줄이기 위해서는 최소 700lux이상의 조도가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2008

UV-TiO$_2$ 광촉매를 이용한 공기 정화 시스템에 운전조건에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 이 연구에서 시스템의 운영 조건이 바뀜에 따른 오염물질 제거 특성을 관찰하기 위해 덕트 형태의 반응기를 제작하고, 스테인레스 격자망에 TiO$_2$를 코팅하였다. 또한 benzene을 이용하여 UV/TiO$_2$ 공정으로 유입농도를 변화시키고, 반응기로 들어오는 유량을 조절하여 TiO$_2$를 코팅한 스테인레스 격자망을 부착한 평판에서의 유속을 변화시켰으며, 코팅한 TiO$_2$ 광촉매량을 변화시키고, 일정한 양의 TiO$_2$ 광촉매를 코팅한 면적을 변화시켰으며, UV light intensity를 변화시켜 그에 따른 영향을 관찰하였다. 모든 실험에서의 상대습도는 55%, 반응기 온도는 45$^{\circ}C$를 유지하였다. 실험의 결과를 살펴보면, benzene의 유입농도가 증가할수록 제거효율이 감소하였고, 유속이 느려질수록, 즉 농도 경계층 두께(concentration boundary layer thickness)가 증가할수록, 코팅한 광촉매량, 광촉매를 코팅한 면적, 조사한 UV 램프의 intensity가 증가할수록 benzene 제거효율이 증가하였다. 본 연구 자료를 바탕으로 실내 공기 중 저농도의 VOCs를 대상으로 공기 정화 시스템을 설계할 경우 유용하게 적용할 수 있는 자료를 제시할 수 있다고 판단된다.