• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2008

This paper presents URS (Ubiquitous Robotic Space) Modeling and service technique for the robotic security service while bridging between virtual space and physical space. First, this paper introduces a concept of virtual URS and responsive virtual URS. Second, this paper addresses modeling of URS which covers modeling of indoor geometry and environment sensor. Third, this paper describes virtual URS services including interactive virual-physical bridging service.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2019

Indoor spatial data has great importance as the demand for representing the complex urban environment in the context of providing LBS (Location-based Services) is increasing. IndoorGML (Indoor Geographic Markup Language) has been established as the data standard for spatial data in providing indoor navigation, but its definitions and relationships must be expanded to increase its applications and to successfully delivering information to users. In this study, we propose an approach to integrate IndoorGML with Indoor POI (Points of Interest) data by extending the IndoorGML notion of space and topological relationships. We consider two cases of representing Indoor POI, by 3D geometry and by point primitive representation. Using the concepts of the NRS (node-relation structure) and multi-layered space representation of IndoorGML, we define layers to separate features that represent the spaces and the Indoor POI into separate, but related layers. The proposed methodology was implemented with real datasets to evaluate its effectiveness for performing indoor spatial analysis.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 3차원 광선추적 기법을 이용한 실내 환경에서의 전파특성 분석을 위한 3D 시뮬레이터를 이용한 분석 결과를 제시하였다. 지금까지 소개된 대부분의 전파특성 분석 결과들은 2차원 평면에서 거리에 따른 신호의 손실(Path Loss) 위주로 연구가 진행 되었다. 본 연구에서는 실내에서 전파특성을 분석하기 위해 다양한 ITU 모델을 사용하여 입체구조의 실내 환경에서 전파의 수신신호의 세기에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시뮬레이터를 이용해 150MHz와 2GHz대역의 손실 특성이 비교 되었고 예상한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 각 수신기의 위치에서 수신 신호는 전파경로상의 벽면에서 손실되는 전력에 따라 차이가 생기기 때문에 송신기의 출력이 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2018

지금까지 만들어지고 있는 실내공간데이터는 공간적 활용을 위한 데이터라고 하기 보다는 삼각분할로 표현된 3DS나 COLLADA 형식의 가시화 데이터이다. 의미 있는 공간분석이나 실내응용서비스를 개발하기 위하여서는 단순히 삼각분할로 만들어진 가시화데이터가 아니라 의미적 공간정보가 필요하다. OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) 표준인 IndoorGML(Indoor Geographic Markup Language)은 가시화가 아니라 실내공간 분석을 비롯한 다양한 응용을 위하여 만들어진 공간데이터 형식이다. 따라서 삼각분할로 표현된 3DS나 COLLADA형식의 실내 공간데이터를 OGC IndoorGML 형식으로 변환하는 것은 중요한 작업이 된다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 삼각분할 형식으로 표현된 원시 실내 공간데이터를 기하, 위상, 그리고 의미적으로 유용한 IndoorGML로 변환하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 이 변환 방법의 타당성을 위하여 개발된 도구도 함께 소개한다. 실제 데이터를 통한 실험을 통하여 이 방법과 개발된 도구를 검증하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 실내 환경에서 전파특성 분석에 유용한 마이크로 셀용 3D 시뮬레이터를 제시하였다. 지금까지 소개된 대부분의 전파특성 분석 결과들은 2차원 평면에서 거리에 따른 신호의 손실(Path Loss) 위주로 연구가 진행 되었다. 본 연구에서는 실내에서 전파특성을 분석하기 위해 다양한 ITU 모델을 사용하여 입체구조의 실내 환경에서 전파의 수신신호의 세기에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션에서 나타난 결과를 분석해보면 저 주파수(150MHz-400MHz) 대역과 고주파수 대역(2GHz-6GHz) 에서 전파특성이 많은 차이를 나타내고 있다. 그리고 각 수신기의 위치에서 수신 신호는 전파경로상의 벽면에서 손실되는 전력에 따라 차이가 생기기 때문에 송신기의 출력도 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.153.5-153
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• 2001

This paper presents a simple modeling system that constructs 3D models from an indoor cylindrical environment map using all of the available geometry of the interior structure such as vertical and horizontal lines and parallel and perpendicular planes. The indoor scene abstract model is created through this system and the navigation through the process of 3D reconstruction. This system first automatically detects the vanishing points in a cylindrical environment map from parallel lines and planes, and determines the indoor scene topology previously defined using this information. The determined topology enables he user intervention UI simply construct a 3D model by using the photogrammetry. The modeling system can be ...

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2012

The most important criterion for achieving the maximum performance in a wireless mesh network (WMN) is to limit the interference within the network. For this purpose, especially in a multi-radio network, the best option is to use non-overlapping channels among different radios within the same interference range. Previous works that have considered non-overlapping channels in IEEE 802.11a as the basis for performance optimization, have considered the link quality across all channels to be uniform. In this paper, we present a measurement-based study of link quality across all channels in an IEEE 802.11a-based indoor WMN test bed. Our results show that the generalized assumption of uniform performance across all channels does not hold good in practice for an indoor environment and signal quality depends on the geometry around the mesh routers.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2022

Background: This study aims to derive the characteristics of each work type for industrial radiography based on empirical evidence through expert advice and a survey of radiation workers of various types of industrial radiography. Materials and Methods: According to a Korean report, work types of industrial radiography are classified into indoor tests, underground pipe tests, tests in a shielded room (radiographic testing [RT] room test), outdoor field tests, and outdoor large structure tests. For each work type, exposure geometry and radiation sources were mainly identified through the expert advice and workers' survey as reliable empirical evidence. Results and Discussion: The expert advice and survey results were consistent as the proportion of the work types were high in the order of RT room test, outdoor large structure test, underground pipe test, outdoor field test, and indoor test. The outdoor large structure test is the highest exposure risk work type in the industrial radiography. In most types of industrial radiography, radiation workers generally used ¹⁹²Ir as the main source. In the results of the survey, the portion of sources was high in the order of ¹⁹²Ir, X-ray generator, ⁶⁰Co, and ⁷⁵Se. As the exposure geometry, the antero-posterior geometry is dominant, and the rotational and isotropic geometry should be also considered with the work type. Conclusion: In this study, through expert advice and a survey, the external exposure characteristics for each work type of industrial radiography workers were derived. This information will be used in the reconstruction of organ dose for health effects assessment of Korean radiation workers.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

최근 대형 실내공간을 대상으로 Indoor Google Map과 같은 실내지도 및 내비게이션 서비스가 부분적으로 제공되고 있다. 이러한 서비스들을 위해서 실내 데이터가 필요하며, 실내를 표현하는 데이터 모델 표준으로 CityGML과 IFC가 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 두 표준들은 실내의 가시화와 건축 구조물의 분석 등에 필요한 기하 정보들을 담고 있는데, 실내공간 내비게이션은 기하정보뿐만 아니라 의미적인 정보, 그리고 네트워크와 같은 위상정보도 필요로 한다. 이러한 요구에 맞춰 실내공간정보의 표현 및 저장, 교환을 위한 데이터 모델이자 GML3의 응용 스키마인 IndoorGML이 OGC의 표준으로 제정되고 있다. IndoorGML은 기하적인 요소들을 직접 표현할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 다른 문서를 외부 참조하는 것이 가능하다. CityGML이나 IFC로 구축된 데이터가 많이 구축되고 있기 때문에 이를 가공하여 IndoorGML의 생성에 활용한다면 시간과 구축비용 줄여 경제적인 이득을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문은 CityGML으로 구축된 실내공간 데이터를 IndoorGML의 데이터로 유도하고 연결하는 방법을 제시한다. CityGML과 IndoorGML의 대응관계에 대해 분석하고, 두 표준으로 만들어진 인스턴스 문서들을 서로 연결할 때 나타나는 문제와 이슈들에 대해 살펴보고, 이에 대한 해결 방안에 대해 논의한다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.869-875
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• 2009

Safety is a big issue in the construction sites. For safe and secure management, tracking locations of construction resources such as labors, materials, machineries, vehicles and so on is important. The materials, machineries and vehicles could be controlled by computer, whereas the movement of labors does not have fixed pattern. So, the location and movement of labors need to be monitored continuously for safety. In general, Global Positioning System(GPS) is an opt solution to obtain the location information in outside environments. But it cannot be used for indoor locations as it requires a clear Line-Of-Sight(LOS) to satellites Therefore, indoor location monitoring system could be a convenient alternative for environments such as tunnel and indoor building construction sites. This paper presents a case study to investigate feasibility of Wi-Fi based indoor location monitoring system in construction site. The system is developed by using fingerprint map of gathering Received Signal Strength Indication(RSSI) from each Access Point(AP). The signal information is gathered by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, which are attached on a helmet of labors to track their locations, and is sent to server computer. Experiments were conducted in a shield tunnel construction site at Guangzhou, China. This study consists of three phases as follows: First, we have a tracking test in entrance area of tunnel construction site. This experiment was performed to find the effective geometry of APs installation. The geometry of APs installation was changed for finding effective locations, and the experiment was performed using one and more tags. Second, APs were separated into two groups, and they were connected with LAN cable in tunnel construction site. The purpose of this experiment was to check the validity of group separating strategy. One group was installed around the entrance and the other one was installed inside the tunnel. Finally, we installed the system inner area of tunnel, boring machine area, and checked the performance with varying conditions (the presence of obstacles such as train, worker, and so on). Accuracy of this study was calculated from the data, which was collected at some known points. Experimental results showed that WiFi-based indoor location system has a level of accuracy of a few meters in tunnel construction site. From the results, it is inferred that the location tracking system can track the approximate location of labors in the construction site. It is able to alert the labors when they are closer to dangerous zones like poisonous region or cave-in..