• Title/Summary/Keyword: Indoor Air Temperature

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Development of IAQ Index for Indoor Air Quality in City Buses (시내버스 실내공기질 IAQ 종합지수 개발)

  • Jeon, Bo-Il;Kwak, Min-Jeong;Kang, Sang-Hyeon;Kim, Jong-Cheol;Yun, Hyun-Jun;Kim, Ho-Hyun
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.444-456
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study developed an index for the indoor air quality management of city buses to allow the provision of indoor air quality information to city bus users. Methods: Nine city buses in Seoul were measured for PM10, PM2.5, CO2, temperature, and relative humidity through IoT sensors. Big data collected through the sensors was analyzed to identify indoor air quality on city buses and graded through the index. Results: As a result of dividing the measured city bus data into five grades through the IAQ index, PM10 was rated "good" for 30.4% of the total measured values, and 9.2% were rated "risky". For PM2.5, 67.7 percent were rated "good" and 0.4 percent were rated "risky". For CO2, 0.9% were 'good' and 1.1% were 'risky'. The results of the classification through the IAQ index for city buses showed that the impact of good, normal, sensitive, bad, and dangerous were 2.7, 38.8, 46.0, 12.4, and 0.1%, respectively. According to the analysis by measurement area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Seongdong-gu, Gwangjin-gu, and Dobong-gu are "normal" and other areas (Seodaemoon-gu, Jongno-gu, Yongsan-gu, Jung-gu, Seongbuk-gu, Dongdaemun-gu, Junggye-gu, Gangbuk-gu, and Nowon-gu) are all rated "sensitive". Conclusions: When analyzing cases where PM10 and CO2 indices are in the "bad" zone, the concentration is generally found to increase during rush hour, during which there are a large number of passengers. It is expected that indoor air quality management in vehicles will be necessary during rush hour.

Indoor Air Concentration of Particulate Matter and Endotoxin in Public Facilities (서울.경기 일부지역 다중이용시설실내공기 중 미세먼지와 미세먼지 중 내독소의 농도)

  • Jeon, Byung-Hak;Hwang, Yu-Kyung;Kim, Hyoung-Ah;Lee, Se-Hoon;Ahn, Kyu-Dong;Heo, Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.262-270
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to measure concentrations of particulate matter ($PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$) and endotoxin in thirty public facilities (7 elderly-care facilities, 4 hypermarkets, 4 university hospitals, 7 child-care facilities, 4 subway stations and 4 bus terminals) from September 2004 to February 2007 in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. $PM_{10}$ or $PM_{2.5}$ was measured with glass fiber filter and mini volume air sampler for 6 to 8 hours in indoor and outdoor of the facilities and expressed as ${\mu}g/m^3$. After weighing the filter, endotoxin was analyzed by Limulus Ameobocyte Lysate method ($EU/m^3$). $PM_{10}$ in indoor air was higher (GM and GSD was 78.00 and $1.92\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively) than the outdoor air (GM and GSD was 60.70 and $2.23\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, I/O=1.28). All measurements was not exceeded the national maintenance standard. Elderly-care and child-care facilities showed relatively higher concentrations ($83.27\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $81.75\;{\mu}g/m^3$; I/O=2.01 and 1.19, respectively) than hypermarkets or university hospitals. The highest PM2.5 was seen in child-care facilities ($62.15\;{\mu}g/m^3$, I/O=2.42). The I/O of the endotoxin in the PM10 and the $PM_{2.5}$ was exceeded 1.0 (1.37 and 1.57, respectively). Indoor $PM_{10}$ was affected by user/day and humidity, and endotoxin in the PM10 was affected by temperature. In conclusion, elderly- and child-care facilities are high priority facilities to be improved indoor air quality.

Numerical Simulation on Thermal Performence of Passive Ventilation Skin (패시브환기외피의 열성능 수치시뮬레이션)

  • Lee, Tae-Cheol;Son, Yu-Nam;Yoon, Seong-Hwan
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2011.04a
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    • pp.144-149
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to evaluate performance of ventilation and thermal about breathing wall by flowing air to indoor on appropriate conditions that is effective aperture area in the Central region(20, 50, $80cm^2/m^2$). The result is as follows : 1) Sectional temperature distribution of inflow and outflow out under the constant ventilation was reviewed. In the case of inflow, outside temperature increase effect was confirmed. 2) The more differences of temperature between outdoor and indraft of air was high, the more heat recovery was high.

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Experimental Study on Indoor Thermal Environment of an Office Building During Cool ing Season (실내 열환경에 관한 실측조사 연구 -냉방기 사무소건물을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Sung-Wan;Jang, Hai-Jin;Park, Sang-Dong
    • The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.189-197
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    • 1983
  • In this study, the thermal environment of a certain building was investigated by using of concerned equipments and enquete sheets. The measured items were temperature, humidity, air flow and radiant heat, and thermal responses for the occupants were checked also, which are oriented to be used as basic data for environmental design. The results of this study are as followed. 1. The optimal room temperature was $24\~26.5^{\circ}C$ DBT in cooling season. 2. Under the condition from $50\%\;to\;70\%$ of relative humidity, the difference of relative humidity did not impact upon the feeling temperature. 3. In cooling season, the average clothing factor of occupants was 0.34 clo ; 0.49 clo for men and 0.25 clo for women. 4. The average working factor of occupants was $1.1\~1.3\;Met$ in that cooling season.

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Investigation into Air Pollution in Car Shipping Workshop in Pyeongtaek Port (자동차 선적작업장의 공기오염 실태조사)

  • Kim, Ji-Ho;Won, Jong-Uk;Kim, Chi-Nyon;Roh, Jaehoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.44-53
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    • 2006
  • This study purposed to investigate air pollution in car shipping yards and, for this purpose, we selected an outdoor open-air yard and an indoor ramp into the ship and measured the concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10, PM2.5 and heavy metals in the air. The results of this study are as follows. No significant difference was observed in temperature and humidity between the outdoor and indoor workshop, and the average air flow was 0.52 m/s in the indoor workshop, which is higher than 0.19 m/s in the outdoor workshop(p<0.01). The average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 and PM2.5 according to workplace were 0.03 ppm(${\pm}0.01$), 0.03 ppm(${\pm}0.01$), 0.46 ppm(${\pm}0.22$), $39.44{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}2.45$) and $5.45{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}1.15$) respectively in the outdoor workshop, and 0.15 ppm(${\pm}0.05$), 0.22 ppm(${\pm}0.06$), 8.85 ppm(${\pm}3.35$), $236.39{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}58.21$) and $152.43{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}35.42$) respectively in the indoor workshop. Thus, the concentrations of gaseous substances in the indoor workshop were 4.9-19.2 times higher than those in the outdoor workshop, and the concentrations of fine dusts were 5.9-27.9 times higher(p<0.01). In addition, according to the result of investigating pollutant concentrations according to displacement and the number of car loaded when shipping gasoline cars into the ship, no significant relation between the number of cars loaded and pollutants was observed in shipping passenger cars, but the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide got somewhat higher with the increase of the number of cars loaded(p<0.05). In addition, the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 and PM2.5 in the air were significantly higher when shipping recreational vehicles, the displacement of which is larger than passenger cars, than when shipping passenger cars(p<0.01). On the other hand, the average heavy metal concentrations of the air in indoor workshop were: lead $-0.05{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.10$); chromium $-0.90{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.18$); zinc $-0.38{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.24$); copper $-0.18{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.22$); and manganese and cadmium not detected. In addition, the complaining rates of 'asthma,' a major symptom of chronic respiratory diseases, were 18.5% and 22.5% respectively in indoor workers and outdoor workers. Thus the rate was somewhat higher in indoor workers but the difference was not statistically significant. The complaining rates of 'chronic cough' and 'chronic phlegm' were very low and little different between indoor and outdoor workers. The results of this study show that the reason for the higher air pollution in indoor than in outdoor workshop is incomplete combustion of fuel due to sudden start and over-speed when cars are driven inside the ship. In order to prevent high air pollution, efficient management measures should be taken including the observance of the optimal speed, the improvement of old ships and the installation of efficient ventilation system.

A Study on the Indoor Thermal Environment of the Large Gymnasium Space in Winter - Without Heat Loads from Occupancy - (대규모 실내경기장의 동계 온열환경 특성 실측조사 - 인체부하 미고려 조건 -)

  • Choi, Dong-Ho;Jeong, Seong-Jin;Seok, Ho-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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    • v.7 no.3 s.25
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental heating design data for the large public enclosures as gymnasium. This study executed indoor thermal environment verification of the existing gymnasium by measuring temperature distribution with and without heating the space in winter. Heating loads from human body was not considered. We examined various indoor thermal environment factors of the large enclosed space in this study which include vertical and horizontal temperature distribution, supply and return air flow feature, thermal comfort environment feature, amount of ventilation and etc.

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Air Quality and PM10 Source Analysis on the Railway Vehicles (철도차량에서의 공기질 현황 및 PM10 오염원 분석)

  • Park, Duck-Shin;Kim, Dong-Sool;Cho, Young-Min;Kwon, Soon-Bark;Park, Eun-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.311-321
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    • 2007
  • Nowadays, concerns have much more growing regarding indoor air quality (IAQ) on the public transportation including railway vehicles. Last year Korea Ministry of Environment (ME) set new guideline for public transportation. In this study several factors were analyzed which may affect comfortableness of railway passenger cabin, and we monitored IAQ parameters (PM10, CO, $CO_2$, VOCs, temperature and humidity) to investigate the present pollution in passenger cabin. In general, the railway air quality was satisfactory. The PM10 and $CO_2$ level on all passenger cabin were below the new guideline level 1 for PM10 $(200{\mu}g/m^3)\;and\;CO_2(2,000ppm)$. Clustering method was carried out to classify the air polluting pattern of the cabin. As a result, the pollutants could be classified to 4 clusters and the origin of pollution is soil, diesel exhaust gas, abrasion of rail and plume.

An Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Performance of an Air-Source Heat Pump Using a PCM Unit for Continuous Heating (PCM 유닛을 적용한 공기 열원 히트펌프의 연속난방 성능 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Chang, Min;Jung, Dong Il;Jung, Jong Ho;Kim, Yongchan
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.537-543
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    • 2015
  • Air-source heat pumps are widely used in winter as heating units due to their higher efficiency compared to electronic heaters or gas fired equipment. However, the air-source heat pump can cause discomfort during periodic defrosting operations. In this study, a PCM unit for continuous heating was adopted to solve this problem. The PCM unit consisted of a PCM, a heat exchanger, and control valves. It was installed between the outdoor and indoor units. The performance of the proposed system was measured during both defrosting and heating operations. The indoor unit showed an average leaving temperature of $26^{\circ}C$ after adopting the PCM unit for continuous heating during the defrosting operation.

Investigation of bacteria in indoor air of a greenhouse for button mushroom cultivation (양송이 재배사 공기 중에 존재하는 세균조사)

  • Kwon, Hyuk Woo;Choi, Min Ah;Oh, Youn-Lee;Kong, Won-Sik;Kim, Seong Hwan
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.26-29
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    • 2015
  • Since button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation is performed in closed environment, the understanding of indoor environment becomes essential for the quality and quantitative production of the greenhouse-grown mushroom. To generate information on indoor environmental factors affecting on fruiting body quality, we investigated temperature, humidity, and bacterial concentration and species in a greenhouse located in Buyeo, Chungnam Province. Temperature and humidity were recorded as $19.75{\pm}0.35^{\circ}C$ and $87{\pm}3.67%$, respectively. The total concentration of bacteria was measured as $3.84{\times}10^3CFU/M^3$. Advenella kashmirensis, Bacillus vietnamensism, B. licheniformis, Burkholderia sordidicola, Fictibacillus phosphorivorans, Lysobacter daejeonensis, Microbacterium esteraromaticum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. protegens, P. gessardii, P. mosseli were identified from indoor air of the greenhouse.

Effects of Daylight and Solar Radiation on Indoor Thermal Environment According to Space Structures in Multi-Complex Cultural Center (복합문화시설내 공간 구조에 따른 일조와 일사가 실내 온열환경에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Byungbo;Jeon, Hyun Sik;Yoon, Seokil;Kim, Sughwan;Lee, Sang-Jin;Kim, Sumin
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.751-758
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    • 2012
  • Recently, people are paying attention to new forms of construction. For example, deviated from an enclosed type space, people have been interested in an atrium type and an arcade type spaces. In this study, we had hypothesis 'Indoor thermal environment will be influenced by the inflow rate of natural lights with temperature and humidity.' We selected a multi-complex cultural center and conducted this study. This place is consisted of atrium, arcade, and enclosed types. The three spaces were classified according to the type of spaces that have own features along with their forms. The atrium type space has ceiling and the side windows, and the arcade type space has ceiling windows. On the other hand, there are no windows or open parts in the enclosed type space. Three measurement points at each space were selected because of their huge space. Intensity of illumination, temperature and humidity were confirmed by the average value of three measurement points. In addition, surveys were conducted regarding indoor comfort elements in each space.