• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.265-266
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• 2015

A multiple output dc-dc resonant converter topology for an independent voltage control technique is proposed, using a narrow frequency selection band-pass filters. The multi-output converter is supplied by a single source inverter with the superposed sinusoidal signals reserved for each output. A series-series parallel resonant topology is utilized to implement the narrow frequency selection channels for minimum interference. Finally the experimental setup for four output dc-dc converter is verified with the narrow channel frequencies of 26 kHz, 32 kHz, 38 kHz and 46 kHz.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.881-883
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• 2015

실제적인 표정인식 응용에서는 테스트 시 등장하는 인물이 트레이닝 데이터에 존재하지 않는 경우가 빈번하여 성능 저하가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 인물에 독립적인(subject-independent) 표정인식을 위한 얼굴특징을 제안한다. 제안방법은 인물에 공통적인 얼굴 근육 움직임(Action Unit(AU))에 기반한 기하학 정보를 표정 특징으로 사용한다. 따라서 인물의 고유 아이덴티티(identity)의 영향은 감소되고 표정과 관련된 정보는 강조된다. 인물에 독립적인 표정인식 실험결과, 86%의 높은 표정인식률과 테스트 비디오 시퀀스 당 3.5ms(Matlab 기준)의 매우 빠른 분류속도를 달성하였다.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.79
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• pp.63-89
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• 2018

This study explores contrastive relation among voiced bilabial fricative [${\ss}$], voiceless bilabial stop [p] and glide [w] in Middle Korean consonant system based on Probabilistic Model. Preceding researches about voiced bilabial fricative [${\ss}$] proposed two influential arguments. One is voiced bilabial fricative [${\ss}$] was an independent phoneme, the other is it was not an independent phoneme but an allophone of voiceless bilabial stop [p] in Middle Korean. This study applies Probabilistic Phonological Relationship Model (PPRM) for solving the problem of dichotomy about contrastive and allophonic relations. The analysis result of the contrastive entropy by PPRM suggests that voiced bilabial fricative [${\ss}$] was just an allophone of voiceless bilabial stop [p] or glide [w] in Middle Korean. Comparing the entropies between [p] and other consonants with the entropies between [${\ss}$] and other consonants, a continuum defined in terms of entropy reveals that [${\ss}$] in Middle Korean was more allophonic than phonemic.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2016

It is important to encourage the restoration of the production of traditional Korean liquors, which is being undertaken by individuals, companies, and the government. The flavours of traditional liquors differ and depend on the environment and raw materials. This study on the traditional Gangwondo liquor is based on literature review and oral tradition. The history of and the scientific rationale behind the use of malt, which is a characteristic feature of the traditional Gangwondo liquor manufacturing process, must be systematically researched. It is important that independent two-step fermentation is used in Gangwondo, while in other regions simultaneous two-step fermentation is used. We expect that the current research on fermentation will be useful for the production of various traditional liquors. The total production of traditional liquors will need to be increased to meet the needs of the world festival, 2018 Olympic Winter Games in Pyeongchang.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.291.1-291.1
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• 2002

A cytosolic. neutral and magnesium-independent Sphingomyelinase (N-cSMase) is known to playa role in vitamin D3-induced differentiation and neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke through the production of ceramide. a lipid-derived tumor suppressive mediator. However. little is known about its identity and characteristics. (omitted)

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.326-334
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose speech enhancement algorithm as a pre-processing for robust speech recognition in noisy environments. Auxiliary-function-based Independent Vector Analysis (AuxIVA) is performed with weighted covariance matrix using time-varying variances with scaling factor from target masks representing time-frequency contributions of target speech. The mask estimates can be obtained using Neural Network (NN) pre-trained for speech extraction or diffuseness using Coherence-to-Diffuse power Ratio (CDR) to find the direct sounds component of a target speech. In addition, outputs for omni-directional noise are closely chained by sharing the time-varying variances similarly to independent subspace analysis or IVA. The speech extraction method based on AuxIVA is also performed in Independent Low-Rank Matrix Analysis (ILRMA) framework by extending the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) for noise outputs to Non-negative Tensor Factorization (NTF) to maintain the inter-channel dependency in noise output channels. Experimental results on the CHiME-4 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithms.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1352-1363
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the dependent variables depending on the condition changes of independent variable of the operation and the material during the production of collets added with rice and dried shrimp by using single extruder to utilize as basic data for the manufacture of extrusion collets. A total of 7 independent variables were set up as a raw, 20, 40 and 60 mesh for the powder particle size of rice; 12, 14, 16 and 18% for the moisture content of rice; 2, 4, 6 and 8% for the addition amount of dried shrimp; 90, 95, 100 and $110^{\circ}C$ for the barrel temperature; 210, 280 and 340 rpm for the screw speed; 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm for the discharge port diameter; 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg/h for the input amount of the mixed material. The characteristics of the dependent variables including puffing ratio, moisture content, lightness, uniformity, productivity of collets was to be studied by changing the conditions of the independent variables. As a results of this study, 20 mesh of powder particle size of rice, 14% of moisture content of rice, 4% of addition amount of dried shrimp, $100^{\circ}C$ of barrel temperature, 280 rpm of screw speed, 6 mm of discharge port diameter and 50 kg/h of input amount of mixed material were found to be the most preferable over other independent variables for the production of extrusion collets. In conclusion, it is necessary to set the independent variable in order to produce the high quality collets added with the rice as the main raw material and dried shrimp as the sub-materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

This study examines the relationships between visitors' environmental attitudes as measured by the new environmental paradigm (NEP) and their recreational motivations based on data collected from a national park in South Korea. The data analysis indicated that visitors' environmental attitudes and motivation were multi-dimensional structures. The NEP composed of three factors named 'Humans over Nature', 'Balance of Nature', and Limit to Growth'. Visitors' motivation also composed of four factors representing 'Achievement and Stimulation', 'Escape and Enjoying Nature', 'Social and Leadership', and 'Family'. However, there were significant correlations among the factors, suggesting they were independent each other. There were also significant differences in visitors' motivation due to their level of environmental attitudes.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.237-264
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of social integration of the person with physical disabilities based on independent living paradigm according to life span and to find factors affecting social integration and therefore to make policy implications for a better rehabilitation system. The data was obtained through telephone interviews with physically disabled residing in the city of Seoul and the suburb area of the city. The final sample consists of 591 respondents. The data was analyzed through frequency, oneway anova, pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. In this study, social integration based on independent living paradigm was divided into separate but related dimensions: autonomy of activity daily living, accessibility, economic level, degree of social support satisfaction, consumer control, psychological empowerment. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the levels of six dimensions of social integration based on independent living paradigm were very different and especially the level of dimensions such as degree of social support satisfaction and consumer control were lower than other dimensions of social integration. Second, each level of social integration by life span was very different. Finally, the factors affecting social integration were socio-psychological traits such as social support, rehabilitation services, self esteem and acceptance of disability as well as the attribution to disability. The current findings suggest that improving nay only ADL or accessibility but also consumer control or social support should be considered by professional and policy makers. And differentiated intervention and policy according to life span necessary to policy makers and field practitioners.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we have compared and analyzed customers' and optometrists' notions regarding franchise optical shops and independent optical shops, so that this research proposes a new direction for the optical industry. Methods: A survey was conducted on 152 customer who visited optical shop and 50 optometrist in Ulsan. Results: With regard to franchise optical shop, customers answered as advantages the well-organized system and service, while as disadvantages high prices and lack of communication. The advantages of independent optical shop, on the other hand, were good communication, fair prices, professionalism, while the disdvantages were lack of service, poor interiors, old-fashioned trends. Optometrists answered that advantages of franchise optical shop were service, system, communication, and successive education, while the disadavantages were monotonous interiors, excessive events, and lack of communication. Optometrists also answered that advantages of independent optical shop were service, and communication, while the disadvantages were poor system, lack of events, poor interiors. Conclusions: We could conclude that it is reasonable for optometrists to consider the advantages of their competitors in order to enhance their communication skills and professionalism, which will promote a healthy competition between them.