• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.953-959
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• 1999

In modern applications of response data analysis, it has been found that there are stimuli which are independent for some com-binations of levels antagonistic for other and synergistic for some other combinations of levels. Obviously the classical models of stimuli re-sponse function fail to portray such inconsistent behaviour of the stim-uli. The classical model also fail to represent response functions of increasingly synergistic stimuli. Thus it has become necessary to build another type of models to represent relations of both synergistic and an-tagonistc for some combination of levels. This paper will propose a new model that can well explain such inconsistent behaviour of two jointly acting stimuli.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

Spatial variations of a seismic wave are mainly wave passage and wave scattering. Wave passage effect is produced by changed characteristics of exciting seismic input motions applied to the bedrock. Modified input motions travel horizontally with time differences determined by apparent shear wave velocity of the bedrock. In this study, wave passage effect on the seismic response of a structure-soil system is investigated by modifying the finite element software of P3DASS (Pseudo 3-Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of a Structure-soil System) to apply inconsistent (time-delayed) seismic input motions along the soft soil-bedrock interface. Study results show that foundation size affected on the seismic response of a structure excited with inconsistent input motions in the lower period range below 0.5 seconds, and seismic responses of a structure were decreased considerably in the lower period range around 0.05 seconds due to the wave passage. Also, shear wave velocity of the bedrock affected on the seismic response of a structure in the lower period range below 0.3 seconds, with significant reduction of the seismic response for smaller shear wave velocity of the bedrock reaching approximately 20% for an apparent shear wave velocity of 1000m/s at a period of 0.05 seconds. Finally, it is concluded that wave passage effect reduces the seismic response of a structure in the lower period range when the bedrock under a soft soil is soft or the bedrock is located very deeply, and wave passage is beneficial for the seismic design of a short period structure like a nuclear container building or a stiff low-rise building.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1619-1631
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• 2023

The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the effects of dietary fiber (DF) on reproductive performance in gestating sows. Dietary fibers have been suggested to modulate microbiota in the intestine and the immune system of gestating sows and to improve gut health. Thus, DF may help alleviate the adverse effects of the stressful production cycle of gestating sows. These benefits may subsequently result in improved reproductive performance of sows. Previous studies have reported changes in microbiota by providing gestating sows with DF, and the responses of microbiota varied depending on the source of DF. The responses by providing DF to gestating sows were inconsistent for antioxidative capacity, hormonal response, and inflammatory response among the studies. The effects of DF on reproductive performance were also inconsistent among the previous studies. Potential reasons contributing to these inconsistent results would include variability in reproductive performance data, insufficient replication, influence of other nutrients contained in the DF diets, characteristics of DF, and experimental periods. The present meta-analysis suggests that increasing the total DF concentration by 10 percentage units (e.g., 12% to 22% as-fed basis) in gestating sow diets compared to the control group improves the litter born alive by 0.49 pigs per litter. However, based on the present review, questions remain regarding the benefits of fibers in gestating sow diets. Further research is warranted to clarify the mode of action of fibers and the association with subsequent reproductive performance in gestating sows.

• 감성과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2022

Social interactions often involve encountering inconsistent information about social others. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to comprehensively investigate voxel-wise temporal dynamics showing how impressions are anchored and/or adjusted in response to inconsistent social information. The participants performed a social impression task inside an fMRI scanner in which they were shown a male face, together with a series of four adjectives that described the depicted person's personality traits, successively presented beneath the image of the face. Participants were asked to rate their impressions of the person at the end of each trial on a scale of 1 to 8 (where 1 is most negative and 8 is most positive). We established two hypothetical models that represented two temporal patterns of voxel activity: Model 1 featured decreasing patterns of activity towards the end of each trial, anchoring impressions to initially presented information, and Model 2 showed increasing patterns of activity toward the end of each trial, where impressions were being adjusted using new and inconsistent information. Our data-driven model fitting analyses showed that the temporal activity patterns of voxels within the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus fit Model 1 (i.e., they were more involved in anchoring first impressions) better than they did Model 2 (i.e., showing impression adjustment). Conversely, voxel-wise neural activity within dorsal ACC and lateral OFC fit Model 2 better than it did Model 1, as it was more likely to be involved in processing new, inconsistent information and adjusting impressions in response. Our novel approach to model fitting analysis replicated previous impression-related neuroscientific findings, furthering the understanding of neural and temporal dynamics of impression processing, particularly with reference to functionally segmenting each region of interest based on relative involvement in impression anchoring as opposed to adjustment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2019

Most patients with Tourette's disorder experience an uncomfortable sensory phenomenon called the premonitory urge immediately before experiencing tics. It has been suggested that premonitory urges are associated with comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, although these associations have been inconsistent. Most patients experience tics as a result of the premonitory urges, and after the tics occur, most patients report that the premonitory urges are temporarily relieved. As a consequence, several studies have assessed the premonitory urge and its potential therapeutic utility. Based on the concept that the premonitory urge induces tics, behavioral treatments such as Exposure and Response Prevention and Habit Reversal Therapy have been developed. However, it is still unclear whether habituation, the main mechanism of these therapies, is directly related to their effectiveness. Moreover, the observed effects of pharmacological treatments on premonitory urges have been inconsistent.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.875-881
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• 2018

To select fruit trees suitable for shaded urban garden with Elaeagnus umbellata var. coreana, Malus domestica 'Alps Otome', Malus domestica 'Fujii', Prunus mume, Prunus persica for. persica, Rubus fructicosus, and Vaccinium corymbosum 'Reka', leaf growth in response to different light was investigated two years after 35% shade treatment. Leaf area of E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', P. mume, P. persica for. persica, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' increased in shading. Fresh weight of leaves make inconsistent response to shading in every species but dry weight of E. umbellata var. coreana and P. persica for. persica showed the highest 150% and 148%, increment, respectively. Althought leaf water content of E. umbellata var. coreana decreased in shading, there is no difference in P. persica for. persica. Chlorophyll value of E. umbellata var. coreana and P. persica for. persica that showed higher than any other species is correlated with dark leaf green. Compared to specific leaf weight of E. umbellata var. coreana, P. persica for. persica, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' showed lower than any other species in shading, that of M. domestica 'Fujii', and R. fructicosus increased in reverse. These results indicate that E. umbellata var. coreana and P. persica for. persica that showed high value in several invesetigaton items are suitable for shady urban condition considering leaf growth in response to shading.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2019

Background: Water use efficiency (WUE) is an indicator of the trade-off between carbon uptake and water loss to the atmosphere at the plant or ecosystem level. Understanding temporal dynamics and the response of WUE to climatic variability is an essential part of land degradation assessments in water-limited dryland regions. Alternative definitions of and/or alternative methodologies used to measure WUE, however, have hampered intercomparisons among previous studies of different biomes and regions. The present study aims to clarify semantic differences among WUE parameters applied in previous studies and summarize these parameters in terms of their definition and methodology. Additionally, the consistency of the responses of alternative WUE parameters to interannual changes in moisture levels in Northeast Asia dryland regions (NADRs) was tested. Results: The literature review identified more than five different WUE parameters defined at leaf and ecosystem levels and indicates that major conclusions regarding the WUE response to climatic variability were partly inconsistent depending on the parameters used. Our demonstration of WUE in NADR again confirmed regional inconsistencies and further showed that inconsistencies were more distinct in hyper- and semi-arid climates than in arid climates, which might reflect the different relative roles of physical and biological processes in the coupled carbon-water process. Conclusions: The responses of alternative WUE parameters to drying and wetting may be different in different regions, and regionally different response seems to be related to aridity, which determines vegetation coverage.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.352-355
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• 2018

Hazardous work zones (i.e., hot, warm, and cold) are typically established by emergency response teams during hazardous materials (HAZMAT) calls but less consistently for fire responses to segment personnel and response activities in the immediate geographic area around the fire. Despite national guidelines, studies have documented the inconsistent use of respiratory protective equipment by firefighters at the fire scene. In this case-series report, we describe warm zone gas levels using multigas detectors across five independent fire incident responses all occurring in a large South Florida fire department. Multigas detector data collected at each fire response indicate the presence of sustained levels of volatile organic compounds in the "warm zone" of each fire event. These cases suggest that firefighters should not only implement strategies for multigas detector use within the warm zone but also include respiratory protection to provide adequate safety from toxic exposures in the warm zone.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the objective preference and satisfaction for the current basic educational environment as well as to suggest the solution by reducing the distance between color theory and the actual situation. The data collected in this study are 195 nursery school teachers and parents from six nursery school with similar color environment. Semantic differential developed by Osgood(1957) as analytic method is applied to analyze the psychological meaning for the color preference among them. The results of this study are as follows; First the nursery school teachers and parents are satisfied with the light tone color palette. Second the nursery school teachers and parents agree with consistent response for the middle tone color palette. Finally the nursery school teachers and parents show different inconsistent response for the vivid strong color palette.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2016

A growing number of studies have demonstrated that ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the variability of responses to imatinib. However, the effects of ABCB1 polymorphisms on imatinib response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations between ABCB1 polymorphisms and imatinib response in CML. A systematic literature review was performed. The databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for all published studies from inception to December 2015. The following terms were used with functions of 'AND' and 'OR': 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML', 'ABCB1', 'MDR1', 'polymorphism', 'SNP', and 'imatinib'. Using the Review Manager 5, odds ratios (ORs) were pooled to estimate the effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms on imatinib response in CML. The pooled analysis showed that ABCB1 2677 G allele was significantly associated with poor response to imatinib in African and Asian patients (GG vs TT, OR: 0.32, p<0.0001; GG+GT vs TT, OR: 0.44, p=0.0005). In subgroup analyses, African patients carrying ABCB1 1236 C allele exhibited higher risk for worse response, whereas Asian patients with 1236 C allele showed better response (CC+CT vs TT, OR: 0.41, p=0.008 for African; OR: 1.65, p=0.03 for Asian). There was no association between C3435T polymorphisms and imatinib response in African, Asian, and Caucasian CML patients.