The "Warm Zone" Cases: Environmental Monitoring Immediately Outside the Fire Incident Response Arena by Firefighters |
Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.
(Division of Environment and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine)
Kropa, Bob (Palm Beach County Fire Rescue) Niemczyk, Neal (Palm Beach County Fire Rescue) Moore, Kevin J. (Division of Environment and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine) Baum, Jeramy (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami) Solle, Natasha Schaefer (Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami) Sterling, David A. (School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center) Kobetz, Erin N. (Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami) |
1 | Grace AM. Carbon monoxide exposure to emergency medical services personnel and firefighters. University of Central Missouri; 2014. |
2 | Fent KW, Eisenberg J, Snawder J, Sammons D, Pleil JD, Stiegel MA, et al. Systemic exposure to PAHs and benzene in firefighters suppressing controlled structure fires. Ann Occup Hyg 2014;58(7):830-45. DOI |
3 | Adetona O, Simpson CD, Li Z, Sjodin A, Calafat AM, Naeher LP. Hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as biomarkers of exposure to wood smoke in wildland firefighters. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2017;27(1):78-83. DOI |
4 | Association NFP. NFPA 1981, Standard on open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services. National Fire Protection Association; 2013. |
5 | Baxter CS, Hoffman JD, Knipp MJ, Reponen T, Haynes EN. Exposure of firefighters to particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Occup Environ Hyg 2014;11(7):D85-91. DOI |
6 | Oliveira M, Slezakova K, Alves MJ, Fernandes A, Teixeira JP, Delerue-Matos C, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at fire stations: firefighters' exposure monitoring and biomonitoring, and assessment of the contribution to total internal dose. J Hazard Mater 2017;323:184-94. DOI |
7 | Brandt-Rauf P, Fallon L, Tarantini T, Idema C, Andrews L. Health hazards of fire fighters: exposure assessment. Br J Ind Med 1988;45(9):606-12. |
8 | Kahn SA, Woods J, Sipes JC, Toscano N, Bell DE. Firefighter safety: rampant unsafe practices as documented in mainstream media. J Burn Care Res 2014;35(5):426-30. DOI |
9 | Kunadharaju K, Smith TD, DeJoy DM. Line-of-duty deaths among US firefighters: an analysis of fatality investigations. Accid Anal Prev 2011;43(3): 1171-80. DOI |
10 | Haddock C, Jahnke S, Poston W, Jitnarin N, Kaipust C, Tuley B, et al. Alcohol use among firefighters in the Central United States. Occup Med 2012;62(8):661-4. DOI |
11 | Chilcott RP. Initial management of mass casualty incidents. In: Disaster Management: medical Preparedness, Response and homeland security CAB International, Wallingford, UK 2013. p. 311-24. |
12 | Fabian TZ, Borgerson JL, Gandhi PD, Baxter CS, Ross CS, Lockey JE, et al. Characterization of firefighter smoke exposure. Fire Technol 2014;50(4):993-1019. DOI |
13 | Bolstad-Johnson DM, Burgess JL, Crutchfield CD, Storment S, Gerkin R, Wilson JR. Characterization of firefighter exposures during fire overhaul. Aihaj Am Indl Hyg Assoc 2000;61(5):636-41. DOI |
14 | Jankovic J, Jones W, Burkhart J, Noonan G. Environmental study of firefighters. Ann Occup Hyg 1991;35(6):581-602. DOI |
15 | LeMasters GK, Genaidy AM, Succop P, Deddens J, Sobeih T, Barriera-Viruet H, et al. Cancer risk among firefighters: a review and meta-analysis of 32 studies. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48(11):1189-202. DOI |
16 | Coleman J, Hiraki R, Weir C, Seidel G, Schwering J, Dunne T, et al. SCBA use during overhaul. Fire Eng 2007;160(8):34-44. |
17 | Austin CC, Wang D, Ecobichon DJ, Dussault G. Characterization of volatile organic compounds in smoke at municipal structural fires. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 2001;63(6):437-58. DOI |
18 | Brandt-Rauf P, Fallon L, Tarantini T, Idema C, Andrews L. Health hazards of fire fighters: exposure assessment. Occup Environ Med 1988;45(9):606-12. DOI |
19 | Daniels RD, Kubale TL, Yiin JH, Dahm MM, Hales TR, Baris D, et al. Mortality and cancer incidence in a pooled cohort ofUS firefighters fromSan Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009). Occup Environ Med 2014;71(6):388-97. DOI |
20 | Mackay CE, Reinhardt TE, Vivanco SN, McClure S, Vercellone J. Real-time monitoring and assessment of thermal and toxicological risk associated with fire retardant textiles in a full-size simulation of an engulfment flash fire. Fire Technol 2015;51(5):1167-93. DOI |
21 | EPA U. Safety zones [overviews and factsheets]; 2018 updated 2018-01-26. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/emergency-response/safety-zones. |
22 | Burgess JL, Nanson CJ, Bolstad-Johnson DM, Gerkin R, Hysong TA, Lantz RC, et al. Adverse respiratory effects following overhaul in firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2001;43(5):467-73. DOI |
23 | Krusen JM. Air monitoring at structure fires. Fire Eng 2010;163(12). |
24 | Eller PM. NIOSH manual of analytical methods. Diane Publishing; 1994. |