Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2022.25.4.77

Voxel-wise Mapping of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Impression Formation  

Jeesung Ahn (Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania)
Yoonjin Nah (Department of Psychology, Yonsei University)
Inwhan Ko (Department of Psychology, Yonsei University)
Sanghoon Han (Department of Psychology, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Science of Emotion and Sensibility / v.25, no.4, 2022 , pp. 77-94 More about this Journal
Abstract
Social interactions often involve encountering inconsistent information about social others. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to comprehensively investigate voxel-wise temporal dynamics showing how impressions are anchored and/or adjusted in response to inconsistent social information. The participants performed a social impression task inside an fMRI scanner in which they were shown a male face, together with a series of four adjectives that described the depicted person's personality traits, successively presented beneath the image of the face. Participants were asked to rate their impressions of the person at the end of each trial on a scale of 1 to 8 (where 1 is most negative and 8 is most positive). We established two hypothetical models that represented two temporal patterns of voxel activity: Model 1 featured decreasing patterns of activity towards the end of each trial, anchoring impressions to initially presented information, and Model 2 showed increasing patterns of activity toward the end of each trial, where impressions were being adjusted using new and inconsistent information. Our data-driven model fitting analyses showed that the temporal activity patterns of voxels within the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus fit Model 1 (i.e., they were more involved in anchoring first impressions) better than they did Model 2 (i.e., showing impression adjustment). Conversely, voxel-wise neural activity within dorsal ACC and lateral OFC fit Model 2 better than it did Model 1, as it was more likely to be involved in processing new, inconsistent information and adjusting impressions in response. Our novel approach to model fitting analysis replicated previous impression-related neuroscientific findings, furthering the understanding of neural and temporal dynamics of impression processing, particularly with reference to functionally segmenting each region of interest based on relative involvement in impression anchoring as opposed to adjustment.
Keywords
Social Impression; Anchoring; Adjustment; fMRI; Model Fitting; Voxel-wise Mapping;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Mitchell, J. P., Neil Macrae, C., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). Forming impressions of people versus inanimate objects: social-cognitive processing in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage, 26(1), 251-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.031    DOI
2 Mohanty, A., Engels, A. S., Herrington, J. D., Heller, W., Ho, M. R., Banich, M. T., Webb, A. G., Warren, S. L., & Miller, G. A. (2007). Differential engagement of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions for cognitive and emotional function. Psychophysiology, 44(3), 343-351. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00515.x    DOI
3 Mumford, J. A., Turner, B. O., Ashby, F. G., & Poldrack, R. A. (2012). Deconvolving BOLD activation in event-related designs for multivoxel pattern classification analyses. Neuroimage, 59(3), 2636-2643. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.076    DOI
4 Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (1999). Hypothesis-consistent testing and semantic priming in the anchoring paradigm: A selective accessibility model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(2), 136-164.    DOI
5 Naselaris, T., Olman, C. A., Stansbury, D. E., Ugurbil, K., & Gallant, J. L. (2015). A voxel-wise encoding model for early visual areas decodes mental images of remembered scenes. Neuroimage, 105, 215-228. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.018    DOI
6 O'Doherty, J., Winston, J., Critchley, H., Perrett, D., Burt, D. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2003). Beauty in a smile: The role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia, 41(2), 147-155.    DOI
7 O'Doherty, J., Kringelbach, M. L., Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J., & Andrews, C. (2001). Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 4(1), 95-102.    DOI
8 Pearson, J. M., Heilbronner, S. R., Barack, D. L., Hayden, B. Y., & Platt, M. L. (2011). Posterior cingulate cortex: Adapting behavior to a changing world. Trends in Cognitive Science, 15(4), 143-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.02.002    DOI
9 Schiller, D., Freeman, J. B., Mitchell, J. P., Uleman, J. S., & Phelps, E. A. (2009). A neural mechanism of first impressions. Nature Neuroscience, 12(4), 508-514. DOI: 10.1038/nn.2278    DOI
10 Sergent, J., Ohta, S., & MacDonald, B. (1992). Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing: A positron emission tomography study. Brain, 115(1), 15-36. DOI: 10.1093/brain/115.1.15    DOI
11 Shenhav, A., Cohen, J. D., & Botvinick, M. M. (2016). Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the value of control. Nature Neuroscience, 19(10), 1286-1291. DOI: 10.1038/nn.4384    DOI
12 Somerville, L. H., Heatherton, T. F., & Kelley, W. M. (2006). Anterior cingulate cortex responds differentially to expectancy violation and social rejection. Nature Neuroscience, 9(8), 1007-1008. DOI: 10.1038/nn1728    DOI
13 Sung, Y. S., Cho, K., Kim, D. Y., & Kim, H. (2010). Difference in visual attention during the assessment of facial attractiveness and trustworthiness. Science of Emotion & Sensibility, 13(3), 533-540. 
14 Todorov, A., Mende-Siedlecki, P., & Dotsch, R. (2013). Social judgments from faces. Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 23(3), 373-380. DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.010    DOI
15 Turner, B. M., & Schley, D. R. (2016). The anchor integration model: A descriptive model of anchoring effects. Cognitive Psychology, 90, 1-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.07.003    DOI
16 Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131. DOI:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124    DOI
17 Anderson, N. H. (1968). Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(3), 272-279.    DOI
18 Tzourio-Mazoyera, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., Mazoyer, B., & Joliot, M. (2002). Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI singlesubject brain. Neuroimage, 15(1), 273-289. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0978    DOI
19 Uleman, J. S., Adil Saribay, S., & Gonzalez, C. M. (2008). Spontaneous inferences, implicit impressions, and implicit theories. Annual Review in Psychology, 59, 329-360. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093707    DOI
20 Ames, D. L., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). Outcome dependency alters the neural substrates of impression formation. NeuroImage, 83, 599-608.   DOI
21 Baron, S. G., Gobbini, M. I., Engell, A. D., & Todorov, A. (2011). Amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex responses to appearance-based and behavior-based person impressions. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(5), 572-581. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsq086    DOI
22 Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 295-307.    DOI
23 Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 752. 
24 Chaiken, S., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic information processing within and beyond the persuasion context. Unintended Thought, 212, 212-252. 
25 DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2017). Face Research Lab London Set. DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.5047666.V2    DOI
26 Foley, E., Rippon, G., Thai, N. J., Longe, O., & Senior, C. (2012). Dynamic facial expressions evoke distinct activation in the face perception network: A connectivity analysis study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(2), 507-520. 
27 Egner, T., Etkin, A., Gale, S., & Hirsch, J. (2008). Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distracters. Cerebral Cortex, 18(6), 1475-1484. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm179    DOI
28 Elliott, R., Agnew, Z., & Deakin, J. F. (2010). Hedonic and informational functions of the human orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 20(1), 198-204. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp092    DOI
29 Fairhall, S. L., & Ishai, A. (2007). Effective connectivity within the distributed cortical network for face perception. Cerebral cortex, 17(10), 2400-2406.    DOI
30 Freeman, J. B., Schiller, D., Rule, N. O., & Ambady, N. (2010). The neural origins of superficial and individuated judgments about ingroup and outgroup members. Human Brain Mapping, 31(1), 150-159. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20852    DOI
31 Gangopadhyay, P., Chawla, M., Dal Monte, O., & Chang, S. W. (2021). Prefrontal-amygdala circuits in social decision-making. Nature Neuroscience, 24(1), 5-18.    DOI
32 Gao, J. S., Huth, A. G., Lescroart, M. D., & Gallant, J. L. (2015). Pycortex: An interactive surface visualizer for fMRI. Frontiers in Neuroinformation, 9, 23. DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2015.00023    DOI
33 Grill-Spector, K., Knouf, N., & Kanwisher, N. (2004). The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification. Nature Neuroscience, 7(5), 555-562. DOI: 10.1038/nn1224    DOI
34 Grill-Spector, K., Weiner, K. S., Kay, K., & Gomez, J. (2017). The functional neuroanatomy of human face perception. Annual Review of Vision Science, 3, 167. 
35 Huth, A. G., de Heer, W. A., Griffiths, T. L., Theunissen, F. E., & Gallant, J. L. (2016). Natural speech reveals the semantic maps that tile human cerebral cortex. Nature, 532(7600), 453-458. DOI: 10.1038/nature17637    DOI
36 Hampshire, A., Chaudhry, A. M., Owen, A. M., & Roberts, A. C. (2012). Dissociable roles for lateral orbitofrontal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex during preference driven reversal learning. Neuroimage, 59(4), 4102-4112. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.072    DOI
37 Herrington, J. D., Taylor, J. M., Grupe, D. W., Curby, K. M., & Schultz, R. T. (2011). Bidirectional communication between amygdala and fusiform gyrus during facial recognition. Neuroimage, 56(4), 2348-2355.    DOI
38 Hogarth, R. M., & Einhorn, H. J. (1992). Order effects in belief updating: The belief adjustment model. Cognitive Psychology, 24(1), 1-55.    DOI
39 Huth, A. G., Nishimoto, S., Vu, A. T., & Gallant, J. L. (2012). A continuous semantic space describes the representation of thousands of object and action categories across the human brain. Neuron, 76(6), 1210-1224. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.014    DOI
40 Iidaka, T., Harada, T., & Sadato, N. (2011). Forming a negative impression of another person correlates with activation in medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(4), 516-525. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsq072    DOI
41 Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 4302-4311.    DOI
42 Kim, H., Choi, M. J., & Jang, I. J. (2012). Lateral OFC activity predicts decision bias due to first impressions during ultimatum games. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(2), 428-439. DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00136    DOI
43 Ma, N., Baetens, K., Vandekerckhove, M., Van der Cruyssen, L., & Van Overwalle, F. (2014). Dissociation of a trait and a valence representation in the mPFC. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(10), 1506-1514. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst143    DOI
44 Kolling, N., Wittmann, M. K., Behrens, T. E., Boorman, E. D., Mars, R. B., & Rushworth, M. F. (2016). Value, search, persistence and model updating in anterior cingulate cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 19(10), 1280-1285. DOI: 10.1038/nn.4382    DOI
45 Liu, X., Powell, D. K., Wang, H., Gold, B. T., Corbly, C. R., & Joseph, J. E. (2007). Functional dissociation in frontal and striatal areas for processing of positive and negative reward information. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(17), 4587-4597. 
46 Ma, N., Baetens, K., Vandekerckhove, M., Kestemont, J., Fias, W., & Van Overwalle, F. (2014). Traits are represented in the medial prefrontal cortex: An fMRI adaptation study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(8), 1185-1192. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst098    DOI
47 Ma, N., Vandekerckhove, M., Baetens, K., Van Overwalle, F., Seurinck, R., & Fias, W. (2012). Inconsistencies in spontaneous and intentional trait inferences. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7(8), 937-950.    DOI
48 Mansouri, F. A., Buckley, M. J., & Tanaka, K. (2014). The essential role of primate orbitofrontal cortex in conflict-induced executive control adjustment. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(33), 11016-11031. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1637-14.2014    DOI
49 Mende-Siedlecki, P. (2018). Changing our minds: The neural bases of dynamic impression updating. Current Opinion in Psychology, 24, 72-76.    DOI
50 Mende-Siedlecki, P., Cai, Y., & Todorov, A. (2012). The neural dynamics of updating person impressions. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(6), 623-631.    DOI