• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1999

Hypersensitive cell death of plants during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions is one of the efficient defense mechanisms of plants against pathogen infections. For better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the plant hypersensitive response (HR), TMV-induced biotic plant cell death and CuSO4-induced abiotic plant cell death were compared in terms of expression patterns of ten different defense-related genes as molecular markers. The genes include five pathogenesis-related protein genes, two plant secondary metabolite-associated genes, two oxidative stress-related genes and one wound-inducible gene isolated from tobacco. Northern blot analyses revealed that a same set of defense-related genes was induced during both biotic and abiotic cell death but with different time and magnitude. The expression of defense-related genes in tobacco plants was temporarily coincided with the time of cell death. However, when suspension cell cultures was used to monitor the expression of defense-related genes, different patterns of the gene expression were detected. This result implies that three are common and, in addition, also different branches of signaling pathways leading to the induced expression of defense-related genes in tobacco during the pathogen- and heavy metal-induced cell death.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2003년도 Proceeding
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• pp.65-69
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• 2003

As complex mathematical models are increasingly adopted for business decision-making, difficulties arise in reusing solvers (i.e., model solving algorithms) against diverse models and data sets and thus the collaboration among users (model/solver builders and decision makers) in multiple departments becomes very difficult. To facilitate the solver reuse, this paper adopts the Web services technologies as the base technologies for linking the solvers to the models, both of which are created on different modeling paradigms and different system platforms, in unified system architecture. Specifically, this paper focuses on designing an ontology that represents the interfacing semantics of the model-solver interactions in a general and standardized form. By referring to the ontology, a model management system (MMS) can autonomously suggest a set of compatible solvers and apply them to individual models even though the decision makers are not knowledgeable enough about all the details of the models and the solvers. Thus, this Web services based MMS would improve the reusability of the solvers by relieving the decision makers from the risk of erroneous application of a solver to syntactically and semantically incompatible models and the burden of considerable understanding of model and solver semantics.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.78.1-78
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• 2003

An osmotin-like protein (CAOSMl) gene was isolated from pepper leaves infected with the avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xmthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 250 amino acids with a molecular mass of 27, 361 Da. Its amino acid sequence is highly homologous to various osmotin-like proteins from other plant species. The CAOSMl gene expression was organ- and tissue-specifically regulated In pepper plants. The CAOSMl mRNA was intensely localized in the endodermis area of root tissue and in the phloem cells of vascular bundles of red fruit tissue, but not in leaf, stem, and green fruit tissues of healthy pepper plants. Infection by X. c. pv vesintoria, Colletotrichum coccodes, or Phytopkhora capsici iinduced CAOSMl transcription in the leaf or stem tissues. Expression of the CAOSMl gene was somewhat higher in the incompatible than the compatible interactions of pathogens with pepper. The CAOSMl mRNA was prevalently localized in the phloem cells of the vascular bundle of leaf tissues infected by C. coccodes. The CAOSMl gene was activated in leaf tissues by treatment with ethylene, methyl jasmonate, high salinity, cold acclimation and mechanical wounding, but not by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought. These results indicate that the pepper CAOSMl protein functions in response to Pathogens and some abiotic stresses in pepper plants

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.233-247
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• 2003

생태관광은 보전과 개발이라는 상반된 이념의 조화로운 추구를 목표로 하는 대안관광의 한 형태이다. 생태관광의 성공 및 존립 여부는 생태관광자원만으로 보장되는 것이 아니다. 즉, 지방 커뮤니티(local host community)의 발전과 자연$.$문화자원의 보전이라는 공동목표 하에서 생태관광을 둘러싼 다양한 주체들간에 자원 및 정보의 공유, 합의와 이해를 이끌어낼 수 있는가에 달려 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 생태관광 존립에 있어 생태관광 관련 행위자들의 역할과 제도적 환경의 중요성을 규명하고, 로컬 거버넌스가 생태관광에 있어 지니는 의의를 살펴보았다. 그리고 로컬 거버넌스의 3가지 구성요소를 중심으로 행위자들간의 활발한 상호작용을 위한 환경 조성, 행위자들간의 효율적인 상호의존성, 그리고 이들 행위자들간의 관계 형성에 있어서의 구축방안을 제시하였다 무엇보다도 로컬 거버넌스의 구축은 사회자본을 토대로 신뢰와 협력의 문화가 정착됨에 따라 더욱 용이해진다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Cylindrocarpon destructans/Ilyonectria radicicola is thought to cause both rusty symptom and root-rot disease of American and Korean ginseng. Root-rot disease poses a more serious threat to ginseng roots than rusty symptoms, which we argue result from the plant defense response to pathogen attack. Therefore, strains causing rotten root are characterized as more aggressive than strains causing rusty symptoms. In this review, we state 1- the molecular evidence indicating that the root-rot causing strains are genetically distinct considering them as a separate species of Ilyonectria, namely I. mors-panacis and 2- the physiological and biochemical differences between the weakly and highly aggressive species as well as those between rusty and rotten ginseng plants. Eventually, we postulated that rusty symptom occurs on ginseng roots due to incompatible interactions with the weakly aggressive species of Ilyonectria, by the established iron-phenolic compound complexes while root-rot is developed by I. morspanacis infection due to the production of high quantities of hydrolytic and oxidative fungal enzymes which destroy the plant defensive barriers, in parallel with the pathogen growth stimulation by utilizing the available iron. Furthermore, we highlight future areas for study that will help elucidate the complete mechanism of root-rot disease development.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris is controlled by multi-allele system in a single genetic locus, the S locus, and it is elucidated that S-glycoproteins are S gene products. In this experiments, we examined the genetic mode(pollen tube behavior and segregation of S-glycoprotein), characteristic of S-glycoproteins and DNA constitution within nuclear genome on S gene family that unexplained by single locus model, and investigated the segregation pattern of S-glycoproteins in bred F1 generation. By diallel cross among the 15 plants within one family the existence of three types of homozygotes and three types of heterozygotes were observed, and segregation of S-allele could not explained by single locus model. From the results of IEF-immunoblot analysis for non-segregated individual plant, the segregation pattern of S specific bands was corresponded with results of diallel cross except with one case(SaSa genotype). The molecular weight of 6 different S-genotype varied in near by 50 kD, and each genotype expressed with 2 or 3 bands. Specific bands in SaSa, SbSb, ScSc has almost similar molecular weight between them. Southern analysis of genomic DNA probed with S-glycoprotein cDNA for 6 different genotypes revealed that there are clear difference in polymorphism, multiple bands of hybridization, when restriction enzymes of EcoR I were used. It could be assumed that there are several sequences related to the S-glycoprotein structural genes within their nuclear genome. Therefore, we suggested the possibilities that S-allele system could be controlled by multi-locus, that dominance-recessive interactions could be explained by modifier gene or supressor gene based on the results of abnormal segregation of S-glycoprotein in bred F1. The F2 analyses are progressing in now.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2003

난균류에 속하는 Phytophthora spp.와 pythium spp.에서 분비되는 단백질인 elicitin은 식물과 병원균과의 비친화적 관계에서 과민감반응을 유도하는 인자로 알려져 왔다. 국내에서 수집된 5종의 Phytophthora spp로부터 분리된 elicitin들은 무, 배추, 고추에서 과민감 반응을 유도 하였으나 오이, 토마토에서는 볼 수 없었다. 특히 지금까지 보고가 되지않은 P. cambivora KACC 40160균주의 배양액으로부터 ion exchange와 gel filtration을 이용하여 고추에 과민감반응을 유도하며 분자량이 10kDa인 새로운 elicitin을 순수분리 하여 cambivorein이라 명명 하였다. 분리된 cambivorein의 N-말단 아미노산 서열분석 결과 ${\beta}-isoform$의 특징인 13번째 아미노산이 Iysine을 가지고 있었으며 기존의 다른 종류의 elicitin과는 다른 아미노산으로 구성되어 있었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

Nineteen Medicaments of Mutual Antagonism currently belong to pharmaceutical incompatibility and some of them cannot be used in a same prescription: if they are used in a prescription, the treatment effect is rather reduced or toxic response may be produced. Therefore. inthisstudy, it was intended to look about how Nineteen Medicaments of Mutual Antagonism were defined through survey of literatures and to review the meaning and clinical potential. According to "Sinnongbonchogyeong," "Medicaments contain the substance that suppress toxins and the toxins may be removed with use of mutual restraint or mutual detoxication substances" and they have been used in terms of this concept. Since Tang and Song era, mutual restraint and mutual inhibition were confused and were difficult to be distinguished. In terms of pharmaceutical incompatibility, the original meaning of mutual restraint was deteriorated in "Sinnongbonchogyeong". That is. mutual restraint has been used as the concept of mutual inhibition or incompatibility. When various literatures were reviewed. it could be found that Nineteen Medicaments of Mutual Antagonism were firstly included in the phrases of songs and then in "seven emotion." It could be supposed that Nineteen Medicaments of Mutual Antagonism was created based on the clinical experiences of the author and the influence of doctors. Such supposition means indicates that the interactions among medicaments could effectively be applied and mutual restraint did not belong to pharmaceutical incompatibility. However. many doctors used mutual restraint and mutual inhibition in clinical practice with no distinguishment since Song era and. especially, it is supposed that. when medicaments were used with mixing. the pharmaceutical incompatibility of "Nineteen Medicaments of Mutual Antagonism" or "Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments" were emphasized and influenced on the efficacy of pharmaceutical preparations or acted as an obstacle in treating diseases. That is. an error was transferred: mutual restraint and mutual inhibition were not distinguished and were discretionally added or deleted through common people or professionals with no specific verification. The pharmaceutical preparations that belong to Nineteen Medicaments of Mutual Antagonism belong to pharmaceutical incompatibility but. when reviewed various literatures and clinical reports. they are not thought to be the ones that can never be used. Therefore. systematic literature review and experimental research should be performed.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1995년도 Proceedings of special lectures on Molecular Biological Approaches to Plant Disease National Agricultural Science and Technology Institute Suwon, Korea
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• pp.27-53
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• 1995

In plant pathology there is an increasing necessity for improved cytological techniques as basis for the localization of cellular substances within the dynamic fine structure of the host-(plant)-pathogen-interaction. Low temperature (LT) preparation techniques (shock freezing, freeze substitution, LT embedding) are now successfully applied in plant pathology. They are regarded as important tools to stabilize the dynamic plant-pathogen-interaction as it exists under physiological conditions. - The main advantage of LT techniques versus conventional chemical fixation is seen in the maintenance of the hydration shell of molecules and macromolecular structures. This results in an improved fine structural preservation and in a superior retention of the antigenicity of proteins. - A well defined ultrastructure of small, fungal organisms and large biological samples such as plant material and as well as the plant-pathogen (fungus) infection sites are presented. The mesophyll tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by homogeneously structured cytoplasm closely attached to the cell wall. From analyses of the compatible interaction between Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei on barley (Hordeum vulgare), various steps in the infection sequence can be identified. Infection sites of powdery mildew on primary leaves of barley are analysed with regard to the fine structural preservation of the haustoria. The presentation s focussed on the ultrastructure of the extrahaustorial matrix and the extrahaustorial membrane. - The integration of improved cellular preservation with a molecular analysis of the infected host cell is achieved by the application of secondary probing techniques, i.e. immunocytochemistry. Recent data on the characterization of freeze substituted powdery mildew and urst infected plant tissue by immunogold methodology are described with special emphasis on the localization of THRGP-like (threonine-hydrxyproline-rich glycoprotein) epitopes. Infection sites of powdery mildew on barley, stem rust as well as leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) on primary leaves of wheat were probed with a polyclonal antiserum to maize THRGP. Cross-reactivity with the anti-THRGP antiserum was observed over the extrahaustorial matrix of the both compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. The highly localized accumulation of THRGP-like epitopes at the extrahaustorial host-pathogen interface suggests the involvement of structural, interfacial proteins during the infection of monocotyledonous plants by obligate, biotrophic fungi.