• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.708-716
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income urban elders by diversified ways, and to analyze the risk factors for malnutrition. Methods: The participants in this study were 183 low-income elders registered at a visiting healthcare facility in a public health center. Data were collected using anthropometric measurements, and a questionnaire survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Regarding the nutritional status of low-income elders as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 10.4% of the elders were classified as malnourished; 57.4% as at high risk for malnutrition; and 32.2% as having normal nutrition levels. The main factors affecting malnutrition for low-income elders were loss of appetite (OR=3.34, 95% CI: 1.16~9.56) and difficulties in meal preparation (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.13~4.88). Conclusion: In order to effectively improve nutrition in low-income urban elders, it is necessary to develop individual intervention strategies to manage factors that increase the risk of malnutrition and to use systematic approach strategies in local communities in terms of a nutrition support system.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate income-related health inequalities among adolescent population across regions in Korea. Methods: Data of 8,456 adolescents from 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for the analysis. True health status was proxied by self-rated health and overweight status. Per capita income was computed from household monthly average income adjusted by consumer price with base year 2005. Adolescent health inequalities were estimated by Concentration Index (CI) across income and space. Results: Ill health score was related with age (p<0.0001), gender (p=0.0155) and income (p<0.0001). Negative relationship between income and ill-health indicated that higher income group tended to enjoy better health and less overweight. These evidences suggested ill health were accumulated on the economically disadvantaged adolescents. The size of health inequalities (ill-health score) were estimated as CI=-0.057 and CI=-0.030 across income groups and regions, respectively. Comparable measures of within region health disparities were also observed. Conclusion: Since health disparity among adolescent population was small compared to adult population, lessening adolescent health inequality could be a helpful way of mitigating health disparities in later stage. Considering life stage of adolescents, school system and local communities could play important roles toward adolescent health distribution. Although health disparity between regions existed, health disparity within a region should not be neglected.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.79-113
• /
• 2003

본 논문은 노령계층이 생활을 영위하는데 필요한 소득수준을 노령계층의 소득계층별로 도출해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 노령계층의 소비지출이 근로연령계층에 비하여 유의미하게 차이가 있는지, 차이가 있다면 어느 정도나 차이가 있으며, 어떤 요인에 의하여 차이가 발생하는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 또한 근로연령계층의 소득수준에 대비하여 노령계층의 소비지출수준이 어느 정도인지를 분석함으로써, 노령계층의 생활을 영위하기 위하여 필요한 소득수준이 어느 정도인지를 분석코자 하였다. 특히 본 논문에서는 가구소비지출에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인인 동시에 근로연령과 노령이라는 특성상 달라지는 요인이라 할 수 있는 소득, 가구원수, 연령요인이 소비지출에 미치는 영향을 고려하여, 노령계층에게 필요한 소득수준을 소득계층별로 노령계층의 소비지출수준의 분석을 통하여 도출해 보고자 하였다. 노령계층과 근로연령계층의 소비지출간에 차이가 가장 큰 항목은 교육비이고, 교통통신비, 식료품비, 교양오락비, 피복신발비, 가구집기비, 기타소비비, 보건의료비, 주거비 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 총가구소비지출에 영향을 미치는 요인을 회귀분석한 결과, 연령이 높을수록. 소득이 높을수록. 가구원수가 많을수록 총소비지출수준이 높은 반면, 연령이 계속 증가하고(노령이 되면), 비광역시의 경우. 여성의 경우, 무직의 경우, 농어업에 종사하는 경우 총소비지출은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 총가구소비지출에 영향력이 가장 큰 변수는 소득과 가구원수이며, 그 다음으로 연령인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소득효과를 통제한 상태에서 연령효과 및 가구규모 축소효과에 의하여 부적으로 영향을 받는 소비지출은 교육비, 교통통신비, 식료품비 등 노인의 신체적 노화와 관련한 활동범위와 관련한 소프트웨어적 지출이며. 정적으로 영향을 받는 소비지출은 보건의료비였다. 또한 주거비, 가구집기비 등 하드웨어적 지출은 소득수준이 제약을 받지 않는 하에서는 연령효과 및 가구규모 축소효과로부터 중립적이었다. 본 연구결과 노인의 필요소득수준은 평균 61%수준이었다. 소득계층별로는 평균소득계층의 경우 근로연령기 소득의 60∼70% 수준이며, 저소득층의 경우는 근로연령기 소득의 90∼100% 수준이고, 고소득층의 경우는 근로연령기 소득의 50∼60% 수준으로 나타났다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study used the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey data to analyze factors affecting employment status and income relating to unmet dental and medical care needs. Additionally it investigated measures to reduce oral health inequality among various socioeconomic classes. Methods: Descriptive statistics for the subjects' unmet dental and medical care needs were calculated through chi-square test analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors affecting the unmet dental and medical care needs. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each level. These data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 SE (64-bit) version, and the statistical significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: As a result of unmet dental and medical care needs according to general characteristics, the lower the education level (p<0.001), the higher the age (p<0.001) and the lower the household equalization income (p<0.024) and the smoker status (p<0.003) were, respectively. Factors that have a statistically significant impact on unmet dental and medical care needs were divorce, separation and bereavement (p<0.001) in individuals than in married persons, and being smokers than non-smokers (p<0.009). The frequency of unmet dental and medical care needs were found to be lower in the cases of a high school graduate than an elementary school graduate (p<0.018), and of higher household equalization income (p<0.001) than the lowest household equalization income, respectively. Conclusions: It was found that various factors such as age, education level, household equalization income, employment status, type of working hours type, and smoking status affect unmet dental and medical care needs.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.346-358
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find differences in dietary patterns through menu analysis by economic status. The data was obtained from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The main variables were economic status, sex, and area by urbanization. The economic status was classified into low, middle, high, and top classes using a poverty line based on the 1998 and 2001 minimum standard cost of living. The areas were divided into metropolis, small city, and rural areas. The dishes of 3 meals were classified into 29 categories by cooking method. The most frequent pattern was "rice + soup + kimchi". The frequency of this Korean basic dietary pattern was the lowest in the top income class and metropolis areas, while the highest in the low income class and rural areas. The frequency of Korean recommended dietary pattern, that is, "rice + soup or stew + kimchi + side dish" was the highest in the top income class. The metropolis group preferred side dishes using meat and a cooking method that saved time, but the rural group preferred side dishes using vegetables and cooking methods that take a longer time. In comparison of dietary pattern between male and female by economic status, the higher economic status, the male's dietary patterns showed more side dishes than those of female. But the main side dish was kimchi in male low class. Consequently, the major dietary pattern in Korea is rice-style, though the western pattern is increasing in the top income class, especially in metropolis areas. Therefore, to make a better dietary pattern, we should develop and spread low-priced recipes of various side dishes and teach financial skills such as ability to make a food budget for lower income classes. Also, we should emphasize the importance of the balance between meat and vegetables and traditional diet and western diet for the top income class, especially in the metropolis areas.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.135-159
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics and economic status of deficit households compared to surplus households. Data from The Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2005 by NSO and 50, 207 salary/wage earners' households were used for the analysis. The statistical methods used were GLM, logit, and cluster analyses. The analysis results showed that 25.3 percent of the households were deficit households. Approximately half of the lowest 20% income group were deficit households. Income deficit households earned 1, 273 thousand less than that of surplus households, whereas consumption of deficit households was 1, 006 thousand more than that of surplus households. The average propensity of consumption of deficit households was 142.1. According to the logit analysis, factors contributing to the probability of belonging to a deficit household included income level, household size, age and educational level, occupation, homeownership, car ownership, and wife's employment status. Deficit households were classified into 5 types: 1) health care expenditure-dominated group, 2) housing expenditure-dominated group, 3) education expenditure-dominated group, 4) money transfer-dominated group, and 5) overall-overconsumption group. The overall-overconsumption group was the largest group of all at 58.5%. It was found that for all five groups, the changes in household size, income group, home ownership, and occupation of the individual were variables that influenced the probability of belonging to a certain group.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 2012

This research was conducted for the analysis the middle-old aged empty nest households' debt holdings and their financial status(emergency fund index, liquidity index, debt burden index) considering the level of income and assets. In order to accomplish this study, we made use of the KReIS third beta-version data. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, in all income asset groups there were more non-debts holding houses compared to debt holding houses. Moreover in debts holding houses, compared to other groups high income high assets groups were more. Second, the households that possessed more assets, had more debts. Third, the financial status of the households holding debts were more vulnerable compared to households that had no debts. Moreover, all income asset groups' emergency fund index were low. Households having no debts possessed low real assets and so the liquidity index was higher in holding debts households. In holding debts households, debt burden index was high. And especially these houses suffered from high debt burden when their income and asset were low.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.223-236
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare the financial status between Aged Households and Non-aged households. The sample obtained from 1993 KHPS, consisted of 3,425 Korean married couples including 2,915 of non-aged households and 510 aged households. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies percentile and t-test And Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to compare the financial status of two groups. The results of this study were as follows. First financial status of aged households specially annual total income annual current income earned income and annual total expenditure were lower than those of non-aged households. Second Gini-coefficients of aged households' income and expenditure were greater than expenditure of them. Moreover Gini-coefficients of aged households' total asset and total debt were greater than those of non-aged households' However total asset of aged and non-aged households were smaller than total debt of two groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.593-603
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 건강상태를 선행요소로 두고 건강수준의 차이가 노화가 진행되는 과정에서 노후소득수준에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 국민연금공단의 국민노후보장패널자료를 사용하여 1차(2005년)부터 6차년(2015년)까지 10년 동안 종단자료에 모두 존재하는 923명을 최종 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 기술통계분석결과 노년초기건강상태의 차이에 따라 노후소득차이가 발생하는 것으로 조사되었다. 즉, 56~60세 노년초기의 건강상태가 양호한 대상자가 건강하지 못한 대상자에 비해 상대적으로 높은 경제적 수준을 10년간 지속하고 있었다. 다중회귀분석결과에서는 성별, 배우자유무, 교육수준의 효과를 통제한 경우 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 노년초기건강상태가 좋을수록 소득수준이 증가하였다. 또한 노년초기 건강상태가 좋은 고령층은 건강하지 못한 고령층보다 노후소득이 높았으며, 건강상태에 따른 소득차이가 고령화와 함께 지속되고 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 노년초기건강상태의 향상과 노년초기 건강상태가 노후소득에 미치는 부정적 영향을 완화시킬 수 있는 정책적 실천적 방안들을 제시하고 있다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the health status of the divorced population according to their income status and to explain the social mechanisms. By analyzing 287 midlife men and women divorced within the last 5 years, we found a strong inverse relationship between their health and income status: the low-income divorced group was more liable to depression and poor physical health. Lack of social connections and having less hope for remarriage after getting a divorce were main factors explaining health vulnerability of the low income group among divorced. Further details have been discussed.