• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 이선선택법의 일반형인 선택실험법을 적용해 행정중심복합도시 내에 제공될 국립수목원의 중요 속성과 수준을 확인하고, 이들이 조합되어 실제 반영될 경우 각 대안들에 한 경제적 가치를 추정하였다. '자원보전', '교육', '레크리에이션', '시설', '접근성'과 입장료를 속성으로 사용해 주 효과 모델을 정산하기 위한 가상대안을 작성한 후 컨조인트 선택 을 정산한 결과 '자원보전'의 '습지식물'과 '레크리에이션'의 '숲 산책로'가 유의성 있는 수준이었다. 만약 이 수준들이 수목원에 반영될 경우, 응답자들은 각각 약 1,330원과 약 1,507 의 입장료를 더 낼 용의가 있었다. 또한 '자극추구' 성향이 높을수록, 나이가 어릴수록, 소득이 높을수록 수목원 조성에 호의적이 었지만 자연보호에 대한 관여도가 높은 사람들은 부정적이었다. 도시 내 수목원의 경제가치를 실험선택법으로 평가할 후속연구를 위해 중요 속성별 수준과 기준수준에 대한 여러가지의 제언을 추가하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권17호
• /
• pp.7141-7148
• /
• 2014

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important malignancy throughout the world; early detection is an important criterion for achieving high cure rate. Out of the many reported markers for OSCC, this study validated the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in differentially diagnosing premalignant oral lesions and OSCC. Also, the study aimed to correlate the levels of salivary and serum TNF-${\alpha}$ with clinicopathologic factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective experimental laboratory study was designed. Serum and salivary samples from 100 subjects in each group of healthy control, premalignant disease (PMD) and OSCC were collected for the study following appropriate exclusion and inclusion criteria. Serum and salivary level of TNF-${\alpha}$ was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Increased level of both serum and salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ was observed in OSCC subjects compared to healthy control and PMD group. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and area under curve values showed high specificity and sensitivity for salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ in differentiating OSCC from PMD and healthy controls. There was significant increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ level in moderately and poorly differentiated lesion compared to well differentiated lesion and in stage IV of clinical stage. A positive correlation was observed only with histological grading of OSCC and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusions: Salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ is proved to be superior for detecting OSCC. Increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ with histological grading and clinical staging suggests a role in prognosis.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제52권9호
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2015

본 논문은 클럭 게이팅 구동신호를 이용한 전력 모델링 방법에서 회로에서 나타나지 않는 잉여 전력 상태를 확인함으로써 전력 상태 수를 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 회로에 나타나지 않는 전력 상태를 확인하기 위해 함수적 종속성과 구조적 종속성을 확인한다. 본 논문에서는 2개의 클럭 게이팅 구동신호 간에 나타나는 함수적 종속성 중 동치 관계, 역관계, 포함 관계만을 다룬다. 구조적 종속성은 클럭 게이팅 셀의 위치적 특성에 의한 종속성을 의미한다. 두 종속성으로 발견한 관계를 이용해 전력상태의 수를 줄였으며, 감소 후 남은 전력 상태수를 세기위해 이진결정다이어그램을 사용하였다. 함수적 종속성과 구조적 종속성을 이용해 전력 상태 수를 알고리즘 적용 전 대비 평균 59%까지 감소시켰다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.1314-1321
• /
• 2016

We conducted this 10-wk experiment to evaluate the effects of dietary phytoncide, Korean pine extract as phytogenic feed additive (PFA), on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs ([Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire]${\times}$Duroc, body weight (BW) = $58.2{\pm}1.0kg$) were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their BW and sex, 10 replicate pens per treatment with 4 pigs per pen were used (2 barrows and 2 gilts). Dietary treatments were: CON, control diet; PT2, CON+0.02% PFA; PT4, CON+0.04% PFA; PT6, CON+0.06% PFA. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was higher in PT4 (p<0.05) than in PT6, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was lower in PT6 than in CON (p<0.05). Besides ADFI decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the increased level of phytoncide and gain:feed ratio in PT4 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than CON treatment. During 5 to 10 weeks and overall, quadratic (p<0.05) effect was observed in ADG among the treatments. At the end of this experiment, pigs fed with PT4 diet had a greater (p<0.05) red blood cell concentration compared to the pigs fed CON diet. Water holding capacity increased linearly (p<0.05) with the increased level of phytoncide supplementation. Moreover, firmness, redness, yellowness, and drip loss at day 3 decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the increase in the level of phytoncide supplementation. In conclusion, inclusion of phytoncide could enhance growth performance without any adverse effects on meat quality in finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.401-409
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of distillery yeast sludge and its inclusion in broiler diets to replace canola meal. Raw distillery yeast sludge was washed with water using water and sludge in the ratio 6:1, respectively. Proximate analysis of raw distillery yeast sludge and washed distillery sludge was carried out for crude protein (CP), true protein (TP), ether extract (EE), ash, acid insoluble ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) determination. Mineral contents and amino acid profile of raw distillery yeast sludge and washed distillery sludge were also determined. After chemical evaluation, four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous broiler starter and finisher diets were prepared in mash form using 0 (control), 4, 8 and 12% levels of washed distillery sludge replacing canola meal. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 12 experimental units in such a way that each diet was offered to three experimental units, each comprising of 10 chicks. It was observed that washing affected the nutrients either by decreasing or increasing their concentration. It decreased the total mineral contents whereas CP, TP, EE and NFE contents increased. Washing also increased amino acid profile. Average feed intake and weight gain were higher in birds fed diet containing 8% washed distillery sludge and lower in birds fed diet containing 0% washed distillery sludge. Feed cost per kg live weight gain decreased significantly as the level of washed distillery sludge was increased in the diet. Average heart, liver and pancreas weights decreased with increased level of washed distillery sludge in the diet. The study revealed that after washing, distillery yeast sludge can be used successfully in broiler diets up to the level of 8% without any adverse effect on broiler's performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.1144-1148
• /
• 2001

The implications of incorporating deoiled rice bran (DORB) in diet on the utilization of certain nutrients had been examined through balance studies made with 6- and 10- week-old Japanese quails. The stuffs evaluated in this study had their origin from two different types of processes- a batch extraction (DORB-B) and another continuous process (DORB-C), and each included at 10, 20 or 30% level in an iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. On chemical analyses, the DORB-B was found to contain crude protein, 19.0; ether extract, 0.79; total ash, 17.05; Ca, 0.11; P, 1.92; glucose, 2.35 and starch 11.22 g/100 g day matter. Corresponding values for DORB-C were 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16 and 19.0, respectively. The data on nutrient balances with quails fed diets containing the two-types of DORB suggested no significant (p>0.05) differences in per cent retention of diet dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) content attributable to the extraction process. The age of the birds also appeared to have no significant (p>0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by them. However, the level of inclusion of DORB had a significant (p<0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by quails in that the retention of dietary N, EE, CF, Ca and P was better at lower than at higher levels. It is concluded that the DORB, irrespective of extraction process, can safely be employed upto 20% level in diet of adult Japanese quails without noticeable interference in utilizing the major dietary nutrients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.1444-1449
• /
• 2001

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the effect of inclusion levels or deletion of vitamin-trace mineral (VM) premixes on growth performance and pork quality in finishing pigs. In exp. 1, a total of ninety-six crossbred pigs $(Landrace\;{\times}\;Yorkshire\;{\times}\;Duroc,\;85.09{\pm}3.12kg)$ were used for a 4-week feeding triaL Treatments were premix supplementation at the level of 50% (Control), 100%, 150%, and 200% of NRC (1998) requirements for vitamins and trace minerals. In exp. 2, a total of one hundred and eight crossbred pigs $(Landrace\;{\times}\;Yorkshire\;{\times}\;Duroc,\;84.76{\pm}0.58kg)$ were used for a 4-week feeding trial. Treatments were premix supplementation at the level of 0% (Control), 200% VM, and 200% vitamin E and Se listed in NRC (1998) requirements. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) were the highest at 150% VM addition level (quadratic, p<0.05) among treatments. Dressing percentage and backfat thickness in pigs were not affected by different addition levels of VM premixes. Pork stability in terms of TBARS was linearly (p<0.05) improved as dietary VM premix was increased (exp. 1). ADG, F/G and pork stability (TBARS) were also reduced (p<0.05) when VM premixes were deleted. However, supplementation of vitamin E and Se improved (p<0.05) ADG and pork stability when pigs were fed diets without VM premixes (exp. 2). In conclusion, deleting dietary VM premixes gave negative effects on growth performance and pork quality for the last 4 weeks of finishing period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.1348-1354
• /
• 2008

Two inorganic (zinc sulfate and zinc oxide) and three organic (zinc acetate, zinc-methionine, and zinc-lysine) zinc sources were evaluated for their effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. The birds were randomly assigned to one control (non-supplemented) and 15 treatment (supplemented) groups consisting of four replicates of 10 chicks each in a $5{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments (five zinc sources and three supplemental zinc levels). Birds were kept in floor pens in a temperature-controlled room from 1 to 42 d of age and fed a non-supplemented basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 40, 80 or 120 mg/kg of Zn as mentioned sources. Dietary zinc source had considerable effect on feed intake in all experimental periods. Increasing Zn level from 80 to 120 mg/kg decreased the average feed intake in the growth stage (p<0.01) and also in the entire experimental period (p<0.001). Similarly, the average daily gain during the entire trial period was affected by the type of Zn source (p<0.001) and supplemental level (p<0.01). One degree of freedom contrast comparisons showed that the inclusion of organic zinc sources into the diets caused significant increases in feed intake and body gain when compared with inorganic counterparts. Except in wk 1, dietary supplementation with organic sources improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio; FCR values were not affected by dietary Zn source or supplementation level. Breast meat yield increased with supplemental levels of organic Zn sources; however, other carcass parameters were not affected by dietary Zn source. On the other hand, organic versus inorganic zinc supplementation caused a significant increase in liver, breast and carcass weight percentages. The present findings suggest that supplemental levels of organic Zn compounds had beneficial effects on broiler performance, and Zn requirements can be reduced using these feed supplements in poultry rations.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.469-479
• /
• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 아로마테라피 손마사지 간호중재 효과를 체계적, 객관적으로 규명하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 아로마테라피 손마사지 효과에 대한 과학적 지식체의 객관적 근거를 제시하기 위하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 최종적으로 선정된 논문은 2004년에서 2013년에 걸쳐 국내에서 출판된 총 15편이었으며, 총 연구 대상자는 733명이었다. 연구결과는 모든 측정변수의 유의성 검증 결과 메타분석에 적절하였으며, 아로마테라피 손마사지 효과에 대한 랜덤효과 모형 분석 결과 95%의 신뢰구간에서 유의한 p값을 나타냈다. 실험군과 대조군의 표준화한 평균차는 생리적 변수인 수축기 혈압(d=-9.5320), 이완기 혈압(d=-8.8730), 맥박(d=-9.1241)이며, 심리적 변수인 불안(d=-0.1469), 우울(d=-0.4489)으로 모두 음의 방향으로 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 아로마테라피 손마사지 간호중재 효과에 대한 메타분석 결과, 생리적 변수인 혈압(수축기 혈압, 이완기 혈압)과 맥박을 감소시키고, 심리적 변수인 불안과 우울을 완화시키는 효과가 있음을 입증하였다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends on oral health literacy in South Korea and to suggest the direction of future research, Methods: The literatures were searched using KISS, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, Nanet and NDSL. A total of 17,433 documents were retrieved by database searching. The final 34 literatures that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected for analyzing. A content analysis was performed on 34 literatures on the topics of oral health literacy which had been published from 2012 to 2019. Results: Most of the 34 literatures, 23 articles and 11 thesises were descriptive-correlation studies, but there was no intervention study. The participants studied in the selected literatures were mostly adults followed by elderly and other groups including foreigner. More troubling sufficient samples and sampling methods were lacking at the population level. The validation of the used health literacy instruments was not sufficient. Conclusions: The unification of translation terminology for oral health literacy and the standardized instrument to test oral health literacy are needed. And to improve the level of oral health literacy, studies should be conducted using various variables. It is also necessary to develop the oral health education programs that can improve the level of oral health literacy. In the future, meta-analysis on the oral health literacy are needed for cumulating findings and drawing more reliable and general conclusions.