• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.895-905
• /
• 2001

This paper presents vector fields, three dimensional mean velocities, turbulent intensities, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stresses measured in the X-Y plane of the gas swirl burner with a cone type baffle plate by using an X-type hot-wire probe. This experiment is carried out at the flow rates of 350 and 450ℓ/min which are equivalent to the combustion air flow rate necessary to release 15,000 kcal/hr in a gas furnace. The results show that the maximum axial mean velocity component exists around the narrow slits situated radially on the edge of a burner. Therefore, there is some entrainment of ambient air in the outer region of a burner. The maximum values of turbulent intensities occur around the narrow slits and in front of a burner up to X/R=1.5. Moreover, the turbulent intensity components show a relatively large value in the inner region due to the flow diffusion and mixing processes between the inclined baffle plate and the swirl vane. Consequently, the combustion reaction is expected to occur actively near these regions.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1983

토목설계(土木設計), 토지이용조사(土地利用調査) 및 지질조사(地質調査)에 있어서, 사진측량(寫眞測量)과 사진판독(寫眞判讀)에 의한 지형정보(地形情報)는 계획수립(計劃樹立)에 중요(重要)한 역할(役割)을 한다. 종래(從來)에 발표(發表)된 경사(傾斜)와 주향결정방법(走向決定方法)들에서는 사진(寫眞)의 기하학적(幾何學的)인 조건(條件)에 대한 특성(特性)을 정확하게 고려(考慮)하지 못하였기 때문에, 이를 보완(補完)하는 올바른 공식유도(公式誘導)가 필요(必要)하게 되었다. 이에 본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 삼각법(三角法)에 의한 기하학적(幾何學的)인 모델과 평면방정식(平面方程式)에 의해 유도(誘導)되는 수학적(數學的) 모델의 두가지 측면(側面)에서 이론적(理論的)으로 고찰(考察)하므로서, 경사(傾斜)진 면(面)의 경사(傾斜)와 주향결정(走向決定)에 사진측정방법(寫眞測定方法)을 이용(利用)하는 하나의 기법(技法)을 제시(提示)하고자 한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1979

The crystal structure of sulfapyridine, $C_{11}H_{11}N_{3}O_{2}S$, has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The compound crystallizees in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 12, 80(4), b= 11.72(4), $c= 15.36(5){\AA}, {\beta}= 94(3)^{\circ}$and Z = 8. A total of 1133 observed reflections were collected by the Weissenberg method with CuKaradiation. Structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by isostropic block-diagonal least-squares method to the R value of 0.14. The nitrogen in the pyridine ring of sulfapyridine is associated with an extra-annular hydrogen. The C (benzene ring) S-N-C (pyridine ring) group adopts the gauche form with a fonformational angle of $71^{\circ}$. The benzene ring are inclined at angle of $84^{\circ}.to the pyridine ring plane. Sulfapyridine shows three different hydrogen bonding in the crystal. They are two N-H...O hydrogen bonds with the distance of 2.90 and 2.98${\AA}$ respectively, and on N-H...N with the distance of 3.06 ${\AA}$.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.415-423
• /
• 1995

A welded tuff with a near-vertical parataxitic fabric crops out as an elliptical shape($500{\times}350m$) in horizontal section, the Geumseongsan volcanic field. It intrudes the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the upper Hayang Group, surge tuff and rhyolite of the Geumseongsan volcanic complex. Generally it displays an ubiquitous, steeply inward-dipping welding foliation, subparallel to the margins of the intrusion, and a subvertically inward-inclined lineation defined by extremely stretched fiammes on the welding foliation plane. These fabrics suggest its overall form may be of an inverted cone-shaped plug representing a flared vent that served as a feeder for extrusive welded ash-flow tuff sheets.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.683-689
• /
• 2016

Most outdoor solid insulators may suffer from surface degradations due to non-stationary currents that flow on the insulator surface. These currents may be classified as leakage, discharge and tracking currents due to their disturbing potencies respectively. The magnitude of these currents depends on the degree of the contamination of surface. The leakage signals are followed by discharge signals and tracking signals which are capable of forming carbonized tracking paths on the surface between high voltage and earth contacts (surface tracking). Surface tracking is one of the most breakdown mechanisms observed on the solid insulators, especially polymers which may cause severely reduced lifetime. In this study the degradations observed on polyester resin based insulators are investigated according to the IEC 587 Inclined Plane Test Standard. The signals are monitored and recorded during tests until surface tracking initiated. In order to prevent total breakdown of an insulator, early detection of tracking signals is vital. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is proposed for classification of signals and their energy levels observed on the surface. The application of CWT for processing and classification of the surface signals which are prone to display high frequency oscillations can facilitate real time monitoring of the system for diagnosis.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2001

This paper represents the turbulent intensity, the turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress in the X-Y plane of cone type swirl gas burner measured by using X-probe from the hot-wire anemometer system. The experiment is carried out at flowrate 350 and $450{\ell}/min$ respectively in the test section of subsonic wind tunnel. The turbulent intensity and the turbulent kinetic energy show that the maximum value is formed in the narrow slits distributed radially on the edge of a cone type swirl burner, hence, the combustion reaction is anticipated to occur actively near this region. And the turbulent intensities ${\upsilon}\;and\;{\omega}$ are disappeared faster than the turbulent intensity u due to the inclined flow velocity ejecting from the swirl vanes of a cone type baffle plate of burner. Moreover, the Reynolds shear stress $u{\upsilon}$ is distributed about three times as large as the Reynolds shear stress $u{\omega}$ in the outer region of the cone type gas burner.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 1988

This paper reports on the elatic-plastic analysis and fracture behavior of cylinder with outer surface crack which is under external or internal pressure. For the studuty of crack length effects in cylinder, ratios of crack lengths to finite thickness (a/t) are dertermined 0.3, 0.4, 0.5. For the study of curvature effects in cylinders, ratios of mean diameter to finite thicknees (Rm/t) are determined 10.0, 15.0, 20.0. Analysis is conduceted using the theory of fracture mechanics and two dimensional finite element solution assuming the axi-symmetrical plane strain conditon. Main results of this study are as follows. 1) It is known from this paper that elastic-plastic strain is initiated near crack tip and enlarged between crack tip and inner side of cylinder. 2) $K_{1}$ of cylinder under external or internal pressure is evaluated memebrane stress .root..pi.* crack length. The results of this study are inclined to Lomacky's results and Kobayshi's result. 3) Distribution of stress near crack tip is looked higher than of other zone, as crack length of equal model is longer, and as diameter of cylinder is longer. 4) When other conditions are equal, displacemenet near crack tip is looked duller, as length is longer.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 1997

홀로그래픽 간섭법을 이용하여 외팔보에 편심하중이 가해졌을 때 발생되는 변형을 해석하였다. 물체에 휨(bending)과 미소한 비틀림(torsion)의 복합변형이 발생될 때 사선의 홀로그래픽 간섭무늬를 얻었으며, 간섭무늬 개수와 경사도를 이용하여 변위분포함수를 근사적으로 구하여 간편하게 변형률분포를 해석할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 자유단 근처에서의 최대 휨량이 9.7.+-.0.6.mu.m일 때, 고정단 부근에서 수직변형률의 최대값 e$_{x}$는 약 1.0 * $10^{-6}$, e$_{y}$ 는 약 -0.3 * $10^{-6}$이고, 전단변형률은 약 1.3 * $10^{-6}$으로 측정되었다. 본 방법의 신뢰성을 확인하기 위하여 FEM으로 변위 및 변형률을 이론적으로 해석하여 실험결과와 비교해 보았다.다.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2000

This paper represents the vector fields and three dimensional mean velocities in the X-Y plane of cone type swirl gas burner measured by using X-probe from the hot-wire anemometer system. This experiment is carried out at flowrate 350 and $450{\ell}/min$ respectively in the test section of subsonic wind tunnel. The vector plot shows that the maximum axial mean velocity component is focused in the narrow slits distributed radially on the edge of a cone type swirl burner, for that reason, there is some entrainment of ambient air in the outer region of the burner and the rotational flow can be shown in the inner region of the burner because mean velocity W is distributed about twice as large as mean velocity V due to inclined flow velocity ejecting from the swirl vanes of a cone type baffle plate of burner. Moreover, the mean velocities are largely distributed near the outer region of burner within $X/R{\fallingdotseq}1.5$, hence, the turbulent characteristics are anticipated to be distributed largely in the center of this region due to the large inclination of mean velocity and swirl effect.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2011

Concentration characteristics of the KIER solar furnace are analyzed with a heat flux measurement technique. Total heat capacity of 40kW was confirmed within 1.04% average error, and the normalized maximum heat flux of 3,452 $kW/m^2$ was proved. Non-Gaussian flux distribution in the vertical direction implies that reflectors should not be random rather inclined downwards. Moreover, we characterized flux distribution variations with furnace blind opening ratio, distance from the focal plane, and misalignment of the measurement system. Based on the results, the heat flux distribution can be simply estimated once reflectivity and direct normal insolation values are known. This study will be helpful to the design and the performance evaluation of receivers or chemical reactors.