• The monthly packaging world
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• s.325
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

환경부(장관 조명래)는 중소기업의 폐기물부담금 감면제도를 연장하고 출고·수입 실적 미제출에 대한 과태료 기준을 마련한 '자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률(이하 자원재활용법) 시행령' 일부개정안이 4월 7일 국무회의에서 의결되어 4월 14일 공포했다고 밝혔다. 폐기물부담금 중소기업 감면제도는 공포 즉시 시행되고, 그 외 개정사항은 5월 27일에 시행된다. 환경부는 이해관계자와 3차례 간담회를 통해 감면기간을 2021년 출고량까지 연장하되 감면대상을 연간 매출액 300억 원 미만 업체에서 200억 원 미만 업체로 축소하고 감면율도 매출 규모에 따라 10~30%p 하향조정하는 것으로합의했다. 다음에 '자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률 시행령'의 상세한 내용을 살펴보도록 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.64-82
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• 2017

Two species of the minuta-subgroup within the oncaeid copepod genus Triconia $B{\ddot{o}}ttger$-Schnack, 1999 collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean are newly recorded. A female T. minuta (Giesbrecht, 1893 ["1892"]) and both male and female T. umerus ($B{\ddot{o}}ttger$-Schnack and Boxshall, 1990) from the northeast equatorial Pacific are redescribed with the comparison of its morphological details, which differs from previous studies, in terms of the larger body size, the length to width ratio of the genital double-somite, the relative length of the outer basal seta on P5, and the ornamentation of the appendages. The characters, which are used for identification, such as the length ratio of the outer subdistal and outer spine versus the distal spine on P3-P4, and the outer spine length of the middle exopodal segment on P3 and P4 are reported for the first time. Information on the variations in the endopodal spine lengths of swimming legs 2-4 is also provided for T. minuta and T. umerus, with the summary of the wide zoogeographical distribution of these two species.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.598-614
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the influence of lateral guidance pattern and chewing pattern on masticatory muscle activity and occlusal contact pattern. Twenty-five patients with temporomandibular disorders and thirty students without temporomandibular disorders were selected for this study. Electromyographic examination and occlusal contact examination were performed simultaneously with Bio-Pak System (Bioresearch Inc.,U.S.A.) and T-Scan System(Tekscan Co., USA). The obtained results were as follows : 1. The EMG activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscle in patient group with canine guidance was higher than with non-canine guidance. but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 2. The EMG activity of anterior temporal muscle in normal group with non-canine guidance was higher at preferred chewing side than at opposite side (p<0.05). 3. The EMG activity of masseter muscle was higher in normal group than in patient group (p<0.05). 4. The number of occlusal contact in patient group with canine guidance was higher than with non-canine guidance, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 5. The occlusal contact force at preferred chewing side was higher in patient group than in normal group(p<0.05).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2002

To compare surface roughness in various porcelains and know effects of condensation, We used Ceramco dentin porcelain, Creation dentin porcelain, Creation margin porcelain, Vintage margin porcelain, Vintage dentin porcelain, and Vita dentin porcelain, and built up the powders with condensation or not, and then fired according to the instructions with porcelain furnace( Dekema, Germany ). We polished the samples step by step using the porcelain adjustment kit( Shofu Inc., Japan ), and then measured, compared and analysed Ra, Rz, and Rmax with Surftest SV-400( Mitutoyo Co., Japan ). 1. With condensation, roughness is significantly increased in Ceramco dentin porcelain (p<0.05) and decreased in Vita dentin porcelain(p<0.05). 2. In Ra, Vita dentin porcelain is significantly the roughest and Creation margin porcelain is rougher than others in no condensation, (p<0.05), and there is no difference under condensation. 3. In Rz, Vita dentin porcelain is significantly the roughest and Creation margin porcelain is rougher than others in no condensation, and Creation margin porcelain is significantly the roughest and Creation dentin porcelain is rougher than others under condensation(p<0.05). 4. In Rmax, Vintage dentin porcelain is significantly the roughest and Creation margin porcelain is rougher than others in no condensation, and Creation margin porcelain is significantly the roughest than others under condensation(p<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2003

For the Exp. 1, a total of sixty pigs (10.57$\pm$0.30kg average initial body weight) were used in a 15-d growth assay to determine the effect of dietary $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet), 2) EC0.1 (CON diet+0.1% enzyme complex of $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase). Through the entire experimental period, gain/feed of pigs fed EC0.1 diet was higher (0.43 vs 0.52) than that of pigs fed CON diet (P<0.05). Pigs fed EC0.1 diet showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in dry matter (74.82% vs 82.41%) and nitrogen (70.59% vs 77.88%) digestibilities compared to pigs fed CON diet. For the Exp. 2, a total of thirty six pigs (22.30$\pm$0.45kg average initial body weight) were used in a 30-d growth assay to determine the effects of dietary $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase in low energy diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included 1) AME (adequate ME diet), 2) AME+EC0.1 (AME diet+0.1% enzyme complex) and LME+EC0.1 (low ME diet + 0.1% enzyme complex). Through the entire experimental period, average daily feed intake of pigs fed enzyme complex supplemented diets was higher than that of pigs fed CON diet (P<0.05). Also, pigs fed AME+EC0.1 diet showed significant (P<0.05) increase in ADFI (1,401g vs 1,733g) compared to pigs fed CON diet. Pigs fed enzyme complex supplemented diet showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities compared to pigs fed CON diet. In conclusion, the results obtained from these feeding trials suggest that the supplementation of $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase was an effective means for improving growth performance and dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities in nursery and growing pigs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2010

To develop a new functional kimchi with cognition-enhancing properties, black Panax ginseng extract (0.5-5%, w/w) was added to a baechu kimchi preparation and the mixture stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Compared with control kimchi, the L values of ginseng-treated material were significantly decreased, but the a and b values were increased. The hardness value of ginseng-treated kimchi was significantly higher than that of control material from the $20^{th}$ day of storage. The edibility period of baechu kimchi treated with ginseng was prolonged by approximately 15 days compared with control kimchi. This resulted from decreases in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the final stages of fermentation in ginseng-treated material. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by ginseng-treated kimchi was 2-fold higher than that of control material. A strong ginseng flavor and a bitter taste were evident in kimchi treated with 5% (w/w) ginseng, and sensory quality was thus decreased compared with control material. It was concluded that an appropriate concentration of black ginseng extract was 3% (w/w) in preparation of kimchi with a cognition-enhancing effect.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2019

We analyzed the preliminary survey data (2014-2016) of macrobenthic community biomass (n = 112) from the wind farm area located in the southern part of the west coast of Korea and compared this data with data from the entire west coast (n = 369; 2006-2008). Modal classes from frequency distributions were 6 times higher in the latter (5 vs. 32 g/㎡). The mean and median values of the latter were 1.3 and 1.7 times higher (mean, 20.7 vs. 27.8 g/㎡; median, 17.1 vs. 29.5 g/㎡), and the maximum value was 3.4 times higher. Mood's median test showed significant difference at p-value = 0.01. We estimated the biomass-to-depth relationships from each data set by using Akaike Information Criterion and regarded the non-overlap of the 95% confidence intervals as indicating significant difference. The biomass was different from a 10 m depth below, and 3 times higher in the west coast at around 20 m compared with the maximum depth of the wind farm area. A local event of catastrophic sedimentation ranging from 1 to 2 m was observed in the wind farm during winter surveys. This could be a probable source of the lower biomass, but information on biomass seasonality and a natural experimental approach seem to be needed for the conduct of further studies. This study is meaningful in that it provided the background to assess future changes by understanding the lower level of benthic productivity in the area. We expect this study will contribute to the preparation of measures that can remove or mitigate the source of the lower biomass and improve the productivity of fishery resources in the area.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

An infrared thermographic imaging module of [$320{\times}256$] focal-plane array (FPA) based on [InAs/GaSb] strained-layer superlattice (SLS) was fabricated, and its images were demonstrated. The p-i-n device consisted of an active layer (i) of 300-period [13/7]-ML [InAs/GaSb]-SLS and a pair of p/n-electrodes of (60/115)-period [InAs:(Be/Si)/GaSb]-SLS. FTIR photoresponse spectra taken from a test device revealed that the peak wavelength (${\lambda}_p$) and the cutoff wavelength (${\lambda}_{co}$) were approximately $3.1/2.7{\mu}m$ and $3.8{\mu}m$, respectively, and it was confirmed that the device was operated up to a temperature of 180 K. The $30/24-{\mu}m$ design rule was applied to single pixel pitch/mesa, and a standard photolithography was introduced for [$320{\times}256$]-FPA fabrication. An FPA-ROIC thermographic module was accomplished by using a $18/10-{\mu}m$ In-bump/UBM process and a flip-chip bonding technique, and the thermographic image was demonstrated by utilizing a mid-infrared camera and an image processor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.515-521
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• 2009

The DEFT (direct epifluorescent filter technique)/APC (aerobic plate count) test was utilized to screen powdered Ramen soup samples (RS-1, RS-2) whether or not they have been microbial-decontaminated. The initial microbial loads of commercially-packaged samples were log DEFT 6.46 (RS-1) and 7.05 (RS-2), but the viable bacterial counts were log APC 2.74 (RS-1) and 1.95 (RS-2), respectively; this finding showed that they have been already decontaminated by methods other than irradiation. The same samples were then subjected to gamma irradiation at 0, 5 and 10 kGy in order to evaluate the microbial and physicochemical changes during post-irradiation storage for 6 months under room conditions ($10{\pm}3^{\circ}C$). The DEFT count was constant in irradiated samples even at different doses, but APC decreased with dose increases; this implies that the log DEFT/APC increased in a linear fashion with dose. No coliforms, yeasts and molds were detected in any of the samples, whereas the initially detected aerobic bacteria ($5.49{\times}10^2CFU/g$) were inactivated by 5 kGy or more and no growth was observed during the subsequent storage period. The pH of RS-1 was reduced by irradiation (p<0.01), but increased (p<0.01) with increasing storage time. Irradiation induced a reduction in volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), whereas an increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values was observed. The storage time proved more influential than irradiation up to 10 kGy in terms of changes in the VBN and Hunter’s color values of powdered Ramen soups.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.315-322
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• 2020

A 210-day experiment was conducted to examine the effects of starvation on survival, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and the intestinosomatic index (ISI), and histological changes in the renal tubule epithelium, midgut epithelium, and hepatocytes in Far Eastern catfish (Silurus asotus). The survival rate decreased to 92.2±0.47% in the fed group and 74.4±2.59% in the starved group during the 210-day experimental period. GSI, HSI, and ISI were lowest in the starved group (p<0.05). The hepatocyte nuclear area, hepatocyte cell area, the nuclear height of the midgut epithelium, and the nuclear height of the kidney were highest in the fed group (p<0.05). The hepatocyte nuclear area, nuclear height of the midgut epithelium, and nuclear height of the kidney were lowest in the starved group(p<0.05). The numbers of melano-macrophages (MMs) found in the kidney cells increased during starvation in this species. This suggests that thinner body cavity regions, the contraction of hepatocyte nuclear sites, and the spreading of kidney cell MMs in this species could be used as alternative indicators for identifying starvation conditions. Therefore, the results from our study provide accurate indications of the nutritional status of Far Eastern catfish.