• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.3038-3043
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• 2008

Tumble or swirl flow is used adequately to promote mixing of air and fuel in the cylinder and to enlarge turbulent intensity in the late time of compression stroke. However, since in-cylinder flow is a kind of transient state with rapid flow variation, that is, non-steady state flow, swirl or tumble flow has not been analyzed sufficiently and not been recognized whether they are available for combustion theoretically yet. In the investigation of intake turbulent characteristics using PIV method, different flow characteristics were showed according to SCV figures. SCV installed engine had higher vorticity, turbulent strength by fluctuation and turbulent kinetic energy than a baseline engine, especially around the wall and lower part of the cylinder. Consequently, as swirl flow was added to existing tumble flow, it was found that fluctuation component increased and flow energy was conserved effectively through the experiment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

As the preliminary stage for the countermeasure of thermal loading in miller cycle engine, coolant flows in the cylinder head of base engine including exhaust valve bridge were visualized and analyzed by using PIV technique. It was found that low coolant velocity regions were around exhaust valve bridge, around which stagnation of the coolant flow was observed due to the complex geometry configuration of water jacket. And velocity variation between each cylinder was remarkable. For the countermeasure of these, it is necessary to enhance coolant flow around exhaust valve bridge and to improve the deviation of coolant flow between each cylinder.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2008

A numerical study has been carried out to investigate heat transfer enhancement in channel flow using large-scale vortices. A square cylinder, inclined with respect to the main flow direction, is located at the center of the channel flow, generating a separation region and Karman vortices. Two cases are considered; one with a fixed blockage ratio and the other one with a fixed cylinder size. In both cases, the flow characteristics downstream of the cylinder significantly change depending on the inclination angle. As a result, heat transfer from channel wall is significantly enhanced due to increased vertical-velocity fluctuations induced by the large-scale vortices shed from the cylinder. Quantitative results as well as qualitative physical explanation are presented to justify the effectiveness of the inclined square cylinder as a vortex generator to enhance heat transfer from channel wall.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3_4
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• pp.379-392
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• 2002

Numerical flow computations around an aeroelastic 3D square cylinder immersed in the turbulent boundary layer are shown. Present computational code can be characterized by three numerical aspects which are 1) the method of artificial compressibility is adopted for the incompressible flow computations, 2) the domain decomposition technique is used to get better grid point distributions, and 3) to achieve the conservation law both in time and space when the flow is computed a with moving and transformed grid, the time derivatives of metrics are evaluated using the time-and-space volume. To provide time-dependant inflow boundary conditions satisfying prescribed time-averaged velocity profiles, a convenient way for generating inflow turbulence is proposed. The square cylinder is modeled as a 4-lumped-mass system and it vibrates with two-degree of freedom of heaving motion. Those blocks which surround the cylinder are deformed according to the cylinder's motion. Vigorous oscillations occur as the vortex shedding frequency approaches cylinder's natural frequencies.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.501-517
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• 2020

Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to study the effects of flow direction and flow velocity on the flow regime behind a curved pipe represented by a curved circular cylinder. The cylinder is based on a previous study and consists of a quarter segment of a ring and a horizontal part at the end of the ring. The cylinder was rotated in the computational domain to examine five incident flow angles of 0-180° with 45° intervals at Reynolds numbers of 100 and 500. The detailed wake topologies represented by λ2 criterion were captured using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The curved cylinder leads to different flow regimes along the span, which shows the three-dimensionality of the wake field. At a Reynolds number of 100, the shedding was suppressed after flow angle of 135°, and oblique flow was observed at 90°. At a Reynolds number of 500, vortex dislocation was detected at 90° and 135°. These observations are in good agreement with the three-dimensionality of the wake field that arose due to the curved shape.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.363-375
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• 2002

The effect of the electromagnetic force (or Lorentz force) on the flow behavior around a circular cylinder is investigated by computation. Two-dimensional unsteady flow computation for Re=10$^2$is carried out using a numerical method of finite difference approximation in a curvilinear body-fitted coordinate system by solving the momentum equations including the Lorentz force as a body force. The effect of spatial variations of the Lorentz forcing region and forcing direction along the cylinder circumference is investigated. The numerical results show that the Lorentz force can effectively suppress the flow separation and oscillation of the lift force of circular cylinder cross-flow, leading to reduction of drag.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method (IBLBM) has been applied to simulate a turbulent flow over circular cylinder in a flow field effectively. Although IBLBM is very effective method to simulate the flow over a complex shape of obstacle in the flow field regardless of the constructed grids in the calculation domain, the results, however, become numerically unstable in high reynolds number flow. The most effective suggestion to archive the numerical stability in high Reynolds number flow is applying the multiple relaxation time (MRT) model instead of single relaxation time(SRT) model in the collision term of lattice Boltzmann equation. In the research MRT model for IBLBM was introduced and comparing the numerical results obtained by applying SRT and MRT. The hydraulic characteristic of cylinder in a flow field between two parallel plate at the range of $Re{\leqq}2000$represented and it is also compared the drag and lifting coefficients of the cylinder calculated by IBLBM with SRT and MRT model.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1095-1102
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• 2003

Flow characteristics of turbulent steady fluid flow past a cylinder in rectangular duct are measured by 5 W laser doppler velocity meter. The fluid flow is also computed by commercial software of STAR-CD for comparison between the measurement and computation. The turbulent models applied in the computations are standard K-epsilon model, RNG K-epsilon model and Chen K-epsilon model. Acurracy of standard K-epsilon model is a little bit better than acurracies of other models even though those models have almost the same order of error compared to measured data. The computations predict satisfactorily the measured velocity profiles at middle section of the circular cylinder before the fluid flow diverges. However, there are some disagreements between them at down stream from the circular cylinder.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

The flow around a rotating circular cylinder near a plane wall is investigated by the measurement of the lift acting on the cylinder and by the flow visualization using the hydrogen bubble technique in the circulating water tank. The experimental parameters are the rotating direction of the cylinder, the space ratios H/D$(H/D=0.05\sim0.5)$ between cylinder and plane wall and the velocity ratios $\alpha(\alpha=0\sim{\pm}2.0)$. In the case of clockwise, the lift on the rotating circular cylinder was increased with the reduction of the space ratios and with the velocity ratios, the upper separation point was more shifted in the rotating direction with them. In the case of anticlockwise, the absolute value of the lift on the rotating circular cylinder was increased with the space ratios and with the velocity ratios, the lower separation point was more shifted in the rotating direction with them.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.445-453
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• 2017

This study investigates turbulent flow around a square cylinder mounted on a flat surface at high Reynolds number using a large-eddy simulation (LES) model, particularly focusing on vortex streets behind the square cylinder. Total 9 simulation cases with different inflow wind directions, inflow wind speeds, and cylinder widths in the x- and y-directions are considered to examine the effects of inflow wind direction, speed, and cylinder widths on turbulent flow and vortex streets. In the control case, the inflow wind parallel to the x-direction has a maximum speed of $5m\;s^{-1}$ and the width and height of the cylinder are 50 m and 200 m, respectively. In all cases, down-drafts in front of the cylinder and updrafts, wakes, and vortex streets behind the cylinder appear. Low-speed flow below the cylinder height and high-speed flow above it are mixed behind the cylinder, resulting in strong negative vertical turbulent momentum flux at the boundary. Accordingly, the magnitude of the vertical turbulent momentum flux is the largest near the cylinder top. In the case of an inflow wind direction of $45^{\circ}$, the height of the boundary is lower than in other cases. As the inflow wind speed increases, the magnitude of the peak in the vertical profile of mean turbulent momentum flux increases due to the increase in speed difference between the low-speed and high-speed flows. As the cylinder width in the y-direction increases, the height of the boundary increases due to the enhanced updrafts near the top of the cylinder. In addition, the magnitude of the peak of the mean turbulent momentum flux increases because the low-speed flow region expands. Spectral analysis shows that the non-dimensional vortex generation frequency in the control case is 0.2 and that the cylinder width in the y-direction and the inflow wind direction affect the non-dimensional vortex generation frequency. The non-dimensional vortex generation frequency increases as the projected width of the cylinder normal to the inflow direction increases.