• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.361-371
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to determine the antimelanogenic effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of anthocyanin rich fraction (AN-SLP) from Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang seeds. Anthocyanins isolated from L. platyphylla seeds revealed the presence of four major anthocyanin components, which were tentatively identified as delphinidin-3-Oglucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, petunidin-3-O-rutinoside, and malvidin-3-O-rutinoside using semipreparative HPLC, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, FAB-MS and LC/ES-MS. The inhibitory effect of AN-SLP on tyrosinase activity was studied using in vitro (against mushroom tyrosinase) and ex vivo (against B16 melanoma cell tyrosinase) models. Cellular tyrosinase activity was decreased by AN-SLP treatment in B 16 melanoma cells through dose dependent manner, but AN-SLP did not inhibit mushroom tyrosinase and L-DOPA oxidation directly. AN-SLP showed melanin inhibition by 53.2% at 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ which was 0.7 times more efficient than the antimelanogenic effect of commercial arbutin and kojic acid (36.5%) also did not show cell toxicity. Additionally, AN-SLP inhibited the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in melanoma cell. The resulting unsaturated glycosylation of tyrosinase makes it unstable and disturb correct transportation. From theses results, we conclude that AN-SLP could be used as anti-melanogenic agent for skin whitening.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.494-501
• /
• 2012

In the present paper, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both the human radial artery(RA) and common carotid artery(CCA), depending on the age, and the pulsatility index of blood echogenicity(PIBE) was analyzed. In addition, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both RA and CCA of both the stroke patients and the control group, and PIBE was compared. PIBE of RA for the young group was similar with that for the old group ($0.13{\pm}0.11$ and $0.16{\pm}0.03$). PIBE of CCA for the young group, however, was larger than that for the old group ($0.70{\pm}0.21$ and $0.32{\pm}0.01$), and was more variable depending on the subject. Similarly, the fibrinogen concentrations of the patients ($336{\pm}61$ and $340{\pm}126mg/dl$) were more than that of the control group ($264{\pm}38$ and $257{\pm}43mg/dl$), for both RA and CCA. The results indicate the possibility of the ultrasonic test on the correlation between erythrocyte aggregation and stroke, and it is expected that the in-vivo EA measurement would be clinically useful.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.21 no.6 s.90
• /
• pp.769-775
• /
• 2005

In this study we isolate substances to serve as dietary resources in order to replace the female hormone. Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is one of the most attractive hosts for large-scale production of eukaryotic proteins which have been proven safe as a dietary resource. We report on the estrogenicity of a mixture of silkworm pupa and herbs (Ginseng,Ulkeum, and Hasuo) using the immature rat uterotrophic assay in vivo. Silkworm pupa aqueousextract (KW) and silkworm oil extract (KO) induced effects on the immature rat uterotrophic assay. KO showed neither positive uterotrophic response nor inhibition on E2 induced effect, while KW and MK (mixture of KW and herbs) showed both of the effects. It is concluded that ethanol extracts from silkworm might be a good, therapeutic, natural product for hormone-deficient diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2006

Hepatoprotective effects of Bulro Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit extracts on $CCl_4-administered$ rats were investigated in vivo. Administration of $CCl_4$ increased plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, induced lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content of rat liver, and significantly increased liver weight. Feeding of B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) slightly increased body weight gain, although not significantly different from normal group. B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit extracts reduced blood cholesterol level and inhibited $CCl_4-induced$ increases of plasma GPT, GOT, and LDH activities, whereas increased contents of MDA and cytochrome P-450, and GST activity in liver tissue of $CCl_4-administered$ rats. Roasted B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit extract showed highest hepatoprotective effect among samples tested. These results suggest water extracts of B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit possess promising hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatic damage in rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2015

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a representative traditional herbal medicine with many different pharmacological properties including anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities. Only a few studies have explored the molecular mechanism of KRG-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: We investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the protopanaxadiol saponin fraction (PPD-SF) of KRG using in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. Results: PPD-SF dose-dependently diminished the release of inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$], and downregulated the mRNA expression of their corresponding genes (inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and cyclooxygenase-2), without altering cell viability. The PPD-SF-mediated suppression of these events appeared to be regulated by a blockade of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which are linked to the activation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3). Moreover, this fraction also ameliorated HCl/ethanol/-induced gastritis via suppression of phospho-JNK2 levels. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of PPD-SF could be mediated by a reduction in the activation of p38-, JNK2-, and TANK-binding-kinase-1-linked pathways and their corresponding transcription factors (ATF2 and IRF3).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2010

Tartary buckwheat has potential as a source of functional food because it contains a number of bioactive compounds such as rutin, catechin and so on. This study was conducted to determine the possibility of development of processed products extracted from sugar-treated sprouts of tartary buckwheat. By using undiluted solution extracted from sprouts of tartary buckwheat, we analyzed their nutrition components and did in vivo experiment to find out pharmaceutical effects. In an experiment using mice, we administered various concentration of buckwheat to induced diabetic mellitus mice for 1 weeks. As a result, the fermented extract from buckwheat sprouts effected finely on lowering blood sugar and decreased LDL-cholesterol and total lipid level but increased HDL-cholesterol level.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2009

Fourteen bacterial strains were isolated from crop rhizosphere and identified as phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) by 16S rRNA analysis. Only 3 strains exhibited a strong ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in agar medium containing a hydroxyapatite. The rates of P solubilization by isolates were ranged from 200 and $2300\;mg\;L^{-1}$, which are inversely correlated with pH in culture medium. Furthermore, HPLC analyses reveal the production of organic acid from the culture filtrates of PSB. Among these, strain Acinetobacter sp. released only gluconic acid, Pseudomonas orientalis produced gluconic acid which was subsequently converted into 2-ketogluconic acid, and Enterobacter asburiae released acetic acid and succinic acid. On the other hand, P. orientalis and E. asburiae released $372\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and $191\;mg\;L^{-1}$ of IAA into broth culture, respectively, while Acinetobacter sp. did not produce IAA. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that plant growth promoting effect by bacteria generally seemed to be increased IAA production and phosphate solubilization.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The $L^*$, $C^*$, h, $a^*$ and $b^*$ coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs. For each of the solutions obtained, color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were calculated using the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and the proposed shade guide was selected considering (1) the color differences between tabs and (2) the coverage error of each of the solutions. RESULTS. The proposed shade guide consisted of 8 gingival shade tabs and achieved CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors of less than the respective 50:50% acceptability thresholds (${\Delta}E^*=4.6$ units and ${\Delta}E_{00}=4.1$). The coordinates for the various gingival shade tabs were as follows: Tab 1: $L^*43.3$, $a^*21.9$, $b^*12.3$ (1.6); Tab 2: $L^*42.9$, $a^*34.1$, $b^*19.1$; Tab 3: $L^*46.5$, $a^*25.8$, $b^*10.9$; Tab 4: $L^*46.5$, $a^*27.3$, $b^*15.1$; Tab 5: $L^*49.6$, $a^*23.5$, $b^*16.8$; Tab 6: $L^*51.5$, $a^*19.7$, $b^*13.6$; Tab 7: $L^*55.9$, $a^*22.0$, $b^*15.0$; and Tab 8: $L^*56.0$, $a^*19.9$, $b^*18.8$. CONCLUSION. The CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors for the 8 shade tabs of the proposed gingival shade guide were significantly lower than those of other guides. Therefore, despite the limitations of this study, the proposed guide is more appropriate for matching gingival shade in the Spanish general population.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.376-381
• /
• 2019

Objective : To define optimal method that calculate the safe direction of cervical pedicle screw placement using computed tomography (CT) image based three dimensional (3D) cortical shell model of human cervical spine. Methods : Cortical shell model of cervical spine from C3 to C6 was made after segmentation of in vivo CT image data of 44 volunteers. Three dimensional Cartesian coordinate of all points constituting surface of whole vertebra, bilateral pedicle and posterior wall were acquired. The ideal trajectory of pedicle screw insertion was defined as viewing direction at which the inner area of pedicle become largest when we see through the biconcave tubular pedicle. The ideal trajectory of 352 pedicles (eight pedicles for each of 44 subjects) were calculated using custom made program and were changed from global coordinate to local coordinate according to the three dimensional position of posterior wall of each vertebral body. The transverse and sagittal angle of trajectory were defined as the angle between ideal trajectory line and perpendicular line of posterior wall in the horizontal and sagittal plane. The averages and standard deviations of all measurements were calculated. Results : The average transverse angles were $50.60^{\circ}{\pm}6.22^{\circ}$ at C3, $51.42^{\circ}{\pm}7.44^{\circ}$ at C4, $47.79^{\circ}{\pm}7.61^{\circ}$ at C5, and $41.24^{\circ}{\pm}7.76^{\circ}$ at C6. The transverse angle becomes more steep from C3 to C6. The mean sagittal angles were $9.72^{\circ}{\pm}6.73^{\circ}$ downward at C3, $5.09^{\circ}{\pm}6.39^{\circ}$ downward at C4, $0.08^{\circ}{\pm}6.06^{\circ}$ downward at C5, and $1.67^{\circ}{\pm}6.06^{\circ}$ upward at C6. The sagittal angle changes from caudad to cephalad from C3 to C6. Conclusion : The absolute values of transverse and sagittal angle in our study were not same but the trend of changes were similar to previous studies. Because we know 3D address of all points constituting cortical shell of cervical vertebrae. we can easily reconstruct 3D model and manage it freely using computer program. More creative measurement of morphological characteristics could be carried out than direct inspection of raw bone. Furthermore this concept of measurement could be used for the computing program of automated robotic screw insertion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.246-256
• /
• 2022

The present study focused on the potential mechanism of betulin (BT), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the bark of white birch (Betula pubescens), against chronic alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and metaflammation. AML-12 and RAW 264.7 cells were administered ethanol (EtOH), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or BT. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing 5% EtOH for 4 weeks, followed by single EtOH gavage on the last day and simultaneous treatment with BT (20 or 50 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per day. In vitro, MTT showed that 0-25 mM EtOH and 0-25 µM BT had no toxic effect on AML-12 cells. BT could regulate sterolregulatory-element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), lipin1/2, P2X7 receptor (P2X7r) and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) expressions again EtOH-stimulation. Oil Red O staining also indicated that BT significantly reduced lipid accumulation in EtOH-stimulated AML-12 cells. Lipin1/2 deficiency indicated that BT might mediate lipin1/2 to regulate SREBP1 and P2X7r expression and further alleviate lipid accumulation and inflammation. In vivo, BT significantly alleviated histopathological changes, reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and regulated lipin1/2, SREBP1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ) and PGC-1α expression compared with the EtOH group. BT reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors and blocked the P2X7r-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, BT attenuated lipid accumulation and metaflammation by regulating the lipin1/2-mediated P2X7r signaling pathway.