• Title/Summary/Keyword: In vitro roots

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Functional Analysis of BCTV ORF L4 by Site-directed Mutagenesis (Site-directed mutagenesis를 이용한 BCTV ORF L4의 기능 분석)

  • 박을용;이석찬
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.513-518
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    • 1998
  • Beet curly top virus (BCTV) mutant has been constructed in vitro that contain G-to-T transversions at nucleotide 2727 within overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) L1 and L4. The mutations introduce termination codon in ORF L4 without affecting the amino acid encoded by ORF L1. When agroinoculated into Arabidopsis thaliana the mutant caused mild stunting and stem curling, but not the callus induction and hyperlasia on infected tissues of Sei-O ecotype. However, this mutant was not infectious on Col-O. Levels of single stranded DNA forms were similar in mutant and wild type BCTV infections. The DNA quantitation data showed that the DNA of BCTV-L4 mutant virus was accumulated in shoot tips, infection origin and roots with similar levels to those of wild type virus infected. Three tissues of asymptomatic ecotype Col-O also had as much as virus DNA from wild type virus infections. In both ecotypes infected with BCTV-Logan and BCTV-L4 mutant, root tissues contained more virus DNA than any other tissues by the Southern hybridization data. The results suggest that ORF L4 encodes a functional protein that is a major determinant of pathogenesis that might affect the hyperplastic response of the host to BCTV infection.

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Effect of splinting on abutment tooth movement when a distal extension partial denture used(II) (유리단국부의치(遊離端局部義齒) 사용시(使用時) 지태치(支台齒) 동요(動搖)에 대한 Splingting의 효과(效果)(II))

  • Jung, Jong-Hyun
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 1986
  • The effect of splinting on aqbutment tooth distal movement was performed in vitro study. An acrylic resin mandibular model with missing 2nd premolars, molars and a removable partial denture framework were constructed. The roots of the canines, 1st premolars and edentulous ridges were coated with silicone rubber. A modified Ney Surveyor was used for vertical load appkication, and abutment tooth distal movement were measured with a dial gauge with four conditions of splinting methods were tested by applying unilateral vertical loadings. The results are follows; 1. The magnitude of abutment tooth distal movement on the non-load side was less 40$\sim$69% than that occurred on the load side. 2. On the load side, reducing effect of splinting on abutment tooth movement in the condition of load side double abutment(30%), non-load side double abutment(10%), double abutments of both sides(40%) was compared with single abutments of both sides. 3. On the non-load side, reducing effect of splinting on abutment tooth movement in the condition of load side double abutment(5%), non-load side double abutment(22%), double abutments of both sides(59%) was compared with single abutments of both sides. 4. The magnitude of abutment tooth distal movement in the condition of double abutments of both sides was less 40$\sim$59% than that in the condition of single abutments of both sides.

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Inhibitory Effects of Saururus Chinensis Extracts on Osteoclast Differentiation

  • Shim, Ki-Shuk;Kim, Soon-Nam;Kim, Myung-Hee;Kim, Young-Sup;Ryu, Shi-Yong;Min, Yong-Ki;Kim, Seong-Hwan
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.113-117
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    • 2008
  • Saururus chinensis is a commonly used folk herb for the treatment of edema and liver diseases in Korea. To study the biological activity of Saururus chinensis in bone metabolism, we evaluated the effect of its extracts on osteoclast differentiation in vitro using primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Methanol extract (ME) from dried roots of Saururus chinensis was partitioned into methylene chloride (MF), ethyl acetate (EF), n-butanol (BF) and water fractions (WF). Tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity assay and western blot analysis were performed to determine the effect on osteoclast differentiation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases activation. ME, MF and EF dramatically inhibited receptor activator of ${NF-kB}$ ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and activation of MAP kinases. This study firstly demonstrated that ME, MF and EF of Saururus chinensis have the potential to inhibit the osteoclast differentiation, which results from the inhibition of MAP kinases activations in part.

Scavenging Effect of Plant-Derived Materials on Free Radieals and Active Oxygen Species

  • Lee, Sung-Eun;Lee, Hoi-Seon;Ahn, Young-Joon
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 1999
  • The in vitro antioxidative activities of the 33 plant-derived essential oils and 37 phytochemicals including 3 Mentha arvensis leaf-, 2 Thymus vulgaris leaf- and 2 Syzygium aromaticum flower-derived isolates were determined by the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, the generation of superoxide anion and scavenging of DPPH radical. They were then compared to those of the widely used plant-derived antioxidants (pyrogallol and quercetin) and synthetic antioxidant BHT. At a concentration of 0.01%, potent antioxidative effect was observed in the essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia roots, Mentha arvensis leaves, Ginkgo biloba fruits, and Syzygium aromaticum flowers. Of the phytochemicals used, eugenol and isoeugenol at 0.01% showed potent antioxidative activity, and their activities were comparable to those of pyrogallol, quercetin, and BHT. The Cinnamomum root-, the Mentha leaf-, the Ginkgo fruit-, and the Syzygium flower-derived materials may be a good source for an alternative to the currently used antioxidants.

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Effect of Chemical Fertilizer-adaptive Variants, Pseudomonas aeruginosa GRC2 and Azotobacter chroococcum AC1, on Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Charcoal Rot of Brassica juncea

  • Joshi, Kishore Kumar;Kumar, Varun;Dubey, Ramesh Chand;Maheshwari, Dinesh Kumar;Bajpai, Vivek K.;Kang, Sun-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.228-235
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    • 2006
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa $GRC_2$, siderophore-producing strain, inhibited growth of Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro and reduced charcoal rot in seeds of Brassica juncea in field when coated with adaptive strains. P. aeruginosa $GRC_2$ and Azotobacter chroococcum $AC_1$ produced indole-3-acetic acid and solubilized insoluble phosphate. A. chroococcum $AC_1$ fixed nitrogen asymbiotically. Urea and diammonium phosphateadaptive variant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. chroococcum strongly inhibited M. phaseolina in comparison to parental strains. Bacterization of seeds induced seed germination, seedling growth, and enhanced yield of B. juncea by 10.87% as compared to full doses of urea and diammonium phosphate. Both adaptive strains of chemical fertilizers aggressively colonized roots, showing effectiveness to growth and developments of B. juncea.

Effect of Flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix on Cataract Formation and Polyol Accumulation in Rat Lens (황금의 Flavonoid 성분들이 Rat 수정체의 백내장 형성과 Polyol 축적에 미치는 효과)

  • Shin, Kuk-Hyun;Chae, Yun-Jung;Chung, Myung-Sook;Lee, Hee-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 1994
  • The ether, ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis showed a significant inhibition of lens aldose reductase (AR) activity in vitro. During systematic fractionation of the active fractions, 7 flavonoids were isolated and compared their inhibitory activities against rat AR using DL-glyceraldehyde as a substrate, among which baicalin (VII) was found to exhibit the most potent inhibitory activity. Baicalin (VII) and wogonin-7-O-glucuronide (VI), with repeated treatments (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) throughout the experimental periods caused a significant suppression of cataract formation induced by galactose (40 g/kg/day) as well as the decrease of galactitol accumulation in the rat lens. The flavonoids also exhibited a significant inhibition of sorbitol accumulation in the lenses of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

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Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Various Traditional Drinks of Plant Origin on Human Intestinal Bacteria

  • Jeon, Ho-Joung;Roh, Jung-Yeon;Kim, Do-Hyoung;Lee, Wan-Kyu;Ahn, Young-Joon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.605-607
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    • 1998
  • A total of 28 traditional drinks derived from 23 plant species in 19 families were tested for their in vitro growth-inhibiting effects against Bifidobacterium adolescents, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coil using a paper disc agar diffusion method under anaerobic condition. The responses varied with bacterial strain, plant species and tissue sampled. In a test with C. perfringens at 5 and 10 mg/disc, potent growth inhibition was produced from the extracts of Eucommia ulmoides stems, Pinus densiflora leaves and shoots, Thea sinensis leaves (green and oolong teas) and Zingiber officinale roots. All materials tested did not adversely affect the growth of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and E. coli. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological activities of these plant-derived drinks.

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Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Medium Salt Strength on In Vitro Propagation of Belamcanda chinensis DC (범부채의 기내증식에 미치는 식물생장조절물질 및 무기염류농도의 효과)

  • 송원섭
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.114-121
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    • 1997
  • The effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation and organogenesis in shoot tip explant of Belancanda chinensis were examined. Shoot tip explants cultured in full salt strength of MT(Murashige and Tucker) medium containing 2,4-D 1.0 or 2.0mg/l were vigorously formed callus. Full salt strength of MT medium and 1/2 MT medium supplemented with zeatin 1.0mg/l were more effective than that with combination treatments of 2,4-D on the formation of shoots from calli. When shoots regenerated from shoot tips were transplanted into 1/2 MT medium added with 1.0mg/l, 41% of shoots formed roots.

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Investigation of the Properties of Sand Tubules, a Biomineralization Product, and their Microbial Community

  • Hu, Weilian;Dai, Dehui
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.364-372
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    • 2016
  • Sand tubules, made up of sand grains cemented by microbe-induced calcium carbonate precipitation, have been found in China's Ningxia Province. Sand tubules grow like a tree's roots about 40-60 cm below the surface. The properties of sand tubules and their bacterial community were examined. X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the sand tubules were associated with crystalline calcite. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the crystalline solid had a lamellar structure and lacked the presence of cells, suggesting that no bacteria acted as nucleation sites, nor that the crystalline solid was formed by the aggregation of bacteria. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed 11 of the 12 detectable bands were uncultured bacteria by BLAST analysis in the GenBank database, and the rest were closely related to Paenibacillus sp. (100% identity). By cultivation techniques, the only strain isolated from the sand tubule was suggested to be related to Paenibacillus sp.; no archaea were found. Furthermore, Paenibacillus sp. was demonstrated to induce calcium carbonate precipitation in vitro.

Antibacterial Activity of Sophoraflavanone G Isolated from the Roots of Sophora flavescens

  • Cha, Jeong-Dan;Jeong, Mi-Ran;Jeong, Seung-Il;Lee, Kyung-Yeol
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.858-864
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    • 2007
  • This study investigated the antibacterial activities of sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens in combination with two antimicrobial agents against oral bacteria. The combined effect of sophoraflavanone G and the antimicrobial agents was evaluated using the checkerboard method to obtain a fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) index. The sophoraflavanone G+ampicillin(AM) combination was found to have a synergistic effect against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, S. sobrinus, S. gordonii, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis, whereas the sophoraflavanone G+gentamicin(GM) combination had a synergistic effect against S. sanguinis, S. criceti, S. anginosus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis. Neither combination exhibited any antagonistic interactions(FIC index>4). In particular, the MICs/MBCs for all the bacteria were reduced to one-half$\sim$one-sixteenth as a result of the drug combinations. A synergistic interaction was also confirmed by time-kill studies for nine bacteria where the checkerboard suggested synergy. Thus, a strong bactericidal effect was exerted through the drug combinations, plus in vitro data suggested that sophoraflavanone G combined with other antibiotics may be microbiologically beneficial rather than antagonistic.