• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

In order to investigate whether or not CCD-986sk cell line can be affected by Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura, we examined the MTT assay when we treated Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura extract in CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line. The sample were tested for cell proliferation activity by means of a modification of the MTT assay. Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura extract showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity at the range of from 6.25 mg $mL^{-1}$ to 1.56 mg $mL^{-1}$ compared with control group. And in order to search for inhibition agents of skin melanin formation, we tested for inhibition effect of melanin pigmentation of Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura using Clone M-3 mouse melanocyte cell lines. when we treated the extracts of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura to the mouse melanocyte cell lines, the sample showed a significantly little formation of melanin pigments compared with control group at the only range of 200 mg $mL^{-1}$. These results suggest that extract of Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura may represents an excellent candidate for inhibition of melanin pigmentation and for protection of human skin aging at in vitro level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1744-1752
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• 2013

We investigated the protective effect of UVB inducing photodamage from mulberry extract (ME) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract (LE). The contents of total anthocyanin and shikonin as a color compound of ME and LE were 4.92 mg/g and 9.58 mg/g, respectively. The electron donating ability and superoxide radical scavenging activity of ME were 84.32% and 76.34%, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the ME ($545.37{\mu}moles$ TE/g) was higher than LE ($427.18{\mu}moles$ TE/g). MMP-1 production in the HS68 cells were exposed to UVB suppressed by treatment with $200{\mu}g/mL$ of ME (68.6%) and LE (32.7%). ME and LE were applied to a skin aging mouse model, which was induced by the irradiation of UVB to the backs of hairless mice. The value of skin erythema index, wrinkle depth and thickness, epidermis thickness, and collagenous fiber damage in the experiment groups (MEL: ME 3%, MEM: ME 5%, MEH: ME 7%, LEL: LE 3%, LEM: LE 5%, LEH: LE 7%) were remarkably reduced than in the control group (only UVB exposure group), while water capacity increased. The level of total wrinkles depth in the skin was decreased to be 30% of the control group by MEH and LEM. These results suggest that ME and LE are useful cosmetic materials for skin protection against UVB-inducing.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.745-754
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• 2021

Deterioration of the immune function weakens the body's resistance to various infections, leading to a series of diseases. Immunomodulatory biomaterials have been used to reduce the side effects of immunosuppressants or to enhance immunity. Agarwood is the aromatic resinous portion of Aquilaria trees that has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases. Although previous studies have shown that agarwood can improve the body's immunity, evidence for this claim is still lacking. In this study, the immune-enhancing effects of the agarwood methanol extracts of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk were evaluated in a RAW 264.7 macrophage model. Based on the results, the agarwood extracts markedly enhanced phagocytosis in the absence of cytotoxicity. The agarwood extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells exhibited the typical morphology of activated macrophages, which are spindle-shaped with elongated filopodia. Agarwood extract also significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is associated with the increased expression of inducible NO synthase. Moreover, the secretion and expression levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were increased by agarwood treatment. Notably, these are also associated with a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings provide scientific evidence that agarwood has potential immune-enhancing effects in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1997

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)에 의한 세포독성이나 DNA손상은 노화와 암에 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본연구에서는 ROS중 hydroxyl radical 생성에 관여되는 $H_2O$$_2$에 의해 유도되는 산화적 세포독성이나 DNA손상에 억제적으로 작용할 수 있는 천연물을 창출하기 위한 연구를 하였다. 인삼(Panax Ginseng)C.A. Meyer의 석유에텔의 추출물(GPE)과 일부분획성분(P2)에 대하여 in vitro에서 지질과산화억제효과 및 프리라디칼소거효과를 시험하고 CHL Cell에서의 $H_2O$$_2$ 유도 세포독성과 산화적 DNA손상에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 한편 이들 물질을 기존의 항산화제인 ascorbic acid, dl-$\alpha$-tocopheorl 및 $\beta$-carotene등과 비교하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.568-572
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• 2001

To screen antioxidative and whitening effects of some medicinal plants, 70% ethanol extracts were tested for their electron donating abilities to DPPH ( ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$-diphenyl- ${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) and inhibitory activities against lipid peroxidation, and tyrosinase inhibition in vitro. The electron donating activities of 70% ethanol extracts at the concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml were in the order of Forsythiae fructus > Polyporaceae > Glycyrrhizae radix > Schizandrae fructus > Ramulus mori > Carthami semen. The order was Forsythiae fructus > Carthami semen > Schizandrae fructus > Polyporaceae > Glycyrrhizae radix when tested at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, indicating that the activities depend on the concentration. The electron donating activities of Forsythiae fructus and Carthami semen at the concentration of 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml were 37% and 31% respectively. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities were in the order of Artemisia messerschimidtiana > Glycyrrhizae uadix > Rehmaniae radix > Ramulus mori. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities were in the order of Ramulus mori > Artemisia messerschimidtiana > Oyster mushroom. The results suggest that Forsythiae fructus, Artemisia messerschimidtiana and Ramulus mori could be used as materials for anti-skin aging functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.693-699
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• 2011

Spermidine is a ubiquitous polycation that is synthesized from putrescine, which serves as a precursor of spermine. In recent years, spermidine was found to be a polyamine that plays an important role in longevity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been shown to be involved in various pathogenic processes as well as aging. The direct scavenging effect of spermidine on DPPH radical, $H_2O_2$ and hydroxyl radical, and its protective effect against DNA oxidation related to oxidative stress were evaluated in vitro. It was observed that spermidine exhibits scavenging activities on DPPH radical and H2O2 above 500 ${\mu}M$. Spermidine was especially effective in exerting a scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical. In addition, spermidine at 1000 ${\mu}M$ showed a clear protective effect against DNA oxidation. Furthermore, the expression level of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase in humam dermal fibroblasts increased in the presence of spermidine compared with blank group. These results suggest that spermidine can be used as an antioxidant to prevent ROS-related diseases including inflammation, cancer and aging.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1452-1461
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• 2017

Melanin production by melanocytes in human hair follicles decreases with time and leads to the graying process, which is a phenotype of human aging and an index of aging. The reduction in melanin production is the result of decreased tyrosinase activity in hair follicles and an accumulation of active oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide. This study investigated antioxidant effects and melanin-promoting effects in B16F1 cells treated with black sesame ethanolic nonpolar-soluble extract (SBEEO) and black sesame ethanolic polar-soluble extract (SBEEP). In antioxidation experiments, both SBEEP and SBEEO did not eliminate 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, but SBEEO at $64{\mu}g/ml$ showed low reducing power. SBEEP exerted cytotoxic effects at concentrations greater than $8{\mu}g/ml$, whereas SBEEO showed cytotoxic effects at concentrations greater than $4{\mu}g/ml$. SBEEP and SBEEO induced melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, and DOPA oxidase activity in vitro. In live cells, melanin synthesis was greater in the SBEEP treatment group as compared with that in the SBEEO treatment group. SBEEP stimulated melanin synthesis by modulating the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), which is an important enzyme in melanin synthesis. These results imply that SBEEP obtained from black sesame ethanolic extract may have the potential to improve melanin synthesis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1036-1045
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• 2023

Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the insidious loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, represents a significant and growing healthcare challenge, impacting the mobility and quality of life of aging populations worldwide. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of soybean leaf extract (SL) for dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in an in vivo model. In vitro experiments showed that SL significantly alleviated Dexa-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotube cells, as evidenced by preserved myotube morphology, density, and size. Moreover, SL treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), key factors regulating muscle atrophy. In a Dexa-induced atrophy mouse model, SL administration significantly inhibited Dexa-induced weight loss and muscle wasting, preserving the mass of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. Furthermore, mice treated with SL exhibited significant improvements in muscle function compared to their counterparts suffering from Dexa-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by a notable increase in grip strength and extended endurance on treadmill tests. Moreover, SL suppressed the expression of muscle atrophy-related proteins in skeletal muscle, highlighting its protective role against Dexa-induced muscle atrophy. These results suggest that SL has potential as a natural treatment for muscle-wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2009

Recent research has revealed that hydrolyzed collagen peptides have beneficial effects in various diseases such as osteoarthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis and also play a protective role in skin by improving the activity of antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel mixture (AP-CPM01) containing collagen peptides and elastin peptides on photoaged hairless mice skin both in vivo and in vitro. To evaluate the effects of AP-CPM01 on UVBinduced skin wrinkle formation in vivo, the hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation and orally administered the AP-CPM01 at 333 mg/kg per day for 10 weeks. The effects on skin appearance and epidermal thickness were measured using bioengineering and histochemical methods. In addition, the influence of AP-CPM01 on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts was also investigated. The skin of mice in the AP-CPM01 treated group had better appearance and less wrinkling than that of mice in the control group. In the human fibroblast cells, the amount of de novo procollagen synthesis was increased after AP-CPM01 treatment, reflecting that AP-CPM01 can induce de novo procollagen synthesis and reduce UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation. These results suggest that AP-CPM01 is a potent candidate for antiphotoaging functions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.802-810
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• 2018

Aging is accompanied by changes in the body, such as graying hair, wrinkles, and black spots composed of lipid peroxides and proteins. Melanin is a polymer substance produced by an oxidation polymerization reaction from tyrosine, and it determines the color of hair and skin. It has been reported that melanin is synthesized by melanocyte, and its excessive production by reactive oxygen species is associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effects of Musa paradisiaca peel ethanolic extract (MPEE) on antioxidative activity and melanin synthesis. It was observed that the antioxidant activity of MPEE was similar to that of vitamin C, a positive control, in both DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. In order to examine cytotoxicity prior to cell experimentation, 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed for B16F1 cells. MPEE was not cytotoxic at $32{\mu}g/ml$ or less. In addition, MPEE increased melanin synthesis in live cells in addition to tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-oxidation assay in vitro. Moreover, MPEE increased melanin synthesis in cells aged by pretreatment with $H_2O_2$. The expression levels of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 by western blot analysis were increased in the presence of MPEE. These results suggest that MPEE could promote the melanin synthesis as an antioxidative substance.