• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제4권1_2호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1989

This work was carried out to investigate the pollution of heavy metals and pH in soil, collected from the 156 sampling sites in 1987. 1. In the average contents of Cd, the highest value was 0.40 mg/kg in the Outskirt of Seoul area, the lowest value was 0.11 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.21∼0.39 mg/kg in the other areas. 2. In the average contents of Cu, the highest value was 32.50 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 2.96 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 9.53∼24.41 mg/kg in the other areas. 3. In the average contents of As, the highest value was 1.32 mg/kg in the Reclamated waste area, the lowest value was 0.31 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.93∼1.32 mg/kg in the other areas. 4. In the average contents of Zn, the highest value was 27.33 mg/kg in the Center of city area, the lowest value was 9.97 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 12.47∼25.23 mg/kg in the other areas. 5. In the average contents of Pb, the highest value was 125.25 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 12.99 mg/kg in the Farming area, and 17.01∼77.71 mg/kg in the other areas. 6. In the average contents of pH, the highest value was pH 7.08 in the Motorway area, the lowest value was pH 4.14 in the Greenbelt area, and pH 5.67～7.04 in the other areas. 7. The order of the distribution of heavy metals was Pb>Zn>Cu>As>Cd. There was significanthy correlation between Cd-Zn, Pb-Zn, Cu-Cd, Pb-Cu and Pb-Cd (p<0.01).

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1991

This research investigated soil, plants, insects and birds in the Mongchon Earth Fort, establishing the 11 plots, according to planting treatment, in order to present management method for ecological stability of species in the ground covering plots. The results of analysizing the investigated data summarize as follows. 1. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the density and coverage of middle and low layer in the natural plots were higher than those in the artificial plots. 2. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the density and coverage of low layer were higher than those in the artificial, while the density and coverage of herb layer in the natural plots were lower. 3. Whether there was upper layer or not, the total species diversity and enenness of the ground covering community in the natural plot without artificial treatment and natural treatment plot were higher than those ground covering. 4. In the ground covering plots with upper layer, the species diversity of ground covering in the plots without artificial treatment is high, while the species diversity in the plots with natural treatment caused the secondary succession is higher than that of the natural plot. 5. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the species diversity in the plots with artificial management was higher than that of natural plots, while the evenness in the plots with artificial management was lower. 6. In the ground covering plots with upper layer the species diversity of insect in the plot of natural state was higher than that of insect in the plots with artifical treatment. 7. Synthetically, in the area with upper layer the species diversity of the ground covering community in the natural plot was high, while in the area without upper layer, the species diversity of it in the plots with artificial treatment was high. The insect turned up frequently in the plots of high species diversity of the ground covering, so the bird did in the plots of high species diversity of the ground covering and insects.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2005

Metaloganic chemical vapor deposition, also known as metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy has become one of the main techniques for growing thin, high purity films for compound semiconductors such as GaAs, InP, and InGaAsP. In this study, the distribution of growth rate and composition of InGaAsP, InGaP, and InGaAs films are studied using computational method. The influences of process parameters such as pressure, temperature and precursors' partial pressure on the growth rate and composition distributions are analyzed. The film growth rate is increased in the upstream part according to the increase of temperature but not in the downstream part. The Ga composition in InGaAsP film shows an asymptotic behavior for temperature variation but As composition varies significantly within the temperature range considered in the present study. The overall film growth rates of InGaP, InGaAs and InGaAsP are decreased with increasing the Ga/In ratios of the source gases. Pressure variation does not seem to be a significant parameter to the film growth. Film growth characteristics of tertiary films such as InGaP and InGaAs show similar trends to the quaternary film, InGaAsP.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the effects of emitted-qi therapy(EQT) and cold water therapy(CWT) on the inhibition of the blood loss, the protein loss and the electrolyte loss in burned rats. The white blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin values in blood, and the total protein, albumin, globulin, $Na^+,\;Cl^-,\;K^+\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ values in serum were measured. The results were obtained as follows; 1. White blood cell count in blood was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 2. Hematocrit value in bolld was significantly increase in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 3. Hemoglobin value in blood was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 4. Total protein value in serum was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 5. Albumin value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 6. Globulin value in serum tended to be increase in EQT and CWT group compared with control group, but it was not significant. 7. A/G ratio in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with contort group. 8. $Na^+$, value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with ontrol group. 9. $K^+$, value in serum tended to be increased in EQT group compared with control group, but it was not significant. 10. $Cl^-$ value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 11. $Ca^{2+}$ value in serum tended to be increased in EQT and CWT compared with control group, but it was not significant. According to the above results, the EQT and CWT inhibited the blood loss, the protein loss and the electrolyte loss. Therefore, it is considered that the EQT and CWT can be applied to the burn therapy.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2008

In Korea, a movement for forming intentional communities is gathering people's interests to improve individualistic living environment, and to create a humanistic lifestyle. However, it is difficult to say if its management is successful or not, because intentional community is just in the experimental stage in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify actual condition of residents' participation in forming process, shared activities in their daily lives, residents' regulation, common facilities and its management in order to offer basic information for revitalization of intentional communities in Korea. 7 intentional communities including eco-friendly villages, religious communities and a cooperative housing community were collected as the study objects. Upon analysis, those communities were divided into two groups according to their purpose of establishment; "HC (Housing-life focused Community includes cooperative housing community and eco-friendly community)" and "IC (Ideology focused Community includes ideology community and religious community)" in order to identify difference in residents' participation between the two groups. In-dept interviews with representatives of 7 intentional communities by a structured questionnaire were used as study method. The findings of this study are as follows; In general, more active residents' participation is identified in ICs than in HCs. There is no common house, which is considered as essential in intentional community, in HCs, while it was facilitated in all ICs. Role of leader seems more important in ICs than in HCs. About the ownership of housing and land, private owned is common in HCs, while community owned is common in ICs. Shared activities and residents' regulations are evidently less in most HCs than in ICs. Furthermore, in order to run a community sustainable, it is crucial to encourage sense of community among residents, and developing common house and activity programs. Common house design, which can promote proactive residents' participation in shared activity should be studied fitted to Korean circumstances. Above all, proactive participation in the shared activities is one of the most important factors in intentional community.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 1965

The frequency and pattern of sex chromatin in primary cultured cells of kidney cortex of cats and guinea-pigs, and muscle of chick embroys were examined and compared to those of in vivo condition, with special reference to the various cultured stages. 1. In cat, the frequencies of sex chromatin positive I of peripheral position were average 62.7% in female, and 15% in male, whereas those of non-peripherla position were 5.8% in female and 0.1% in male. The incident proportion between them showed a marked difference-approximately 10 times higher in female than male. These results failry indicated that a distinct nuclear dimorphism with regard to the sex chromatin positive I was established in cultured cells. The position of sex chormatin was usually peripheral location. The tendency of frequencies , with reference to the cultured stages, was low count in primary extracted and initial stage cells , but it showed a peaked frequency in 10-13 days after primary culture, and after that the frequencies were decreased gradually. Compared between I vitro and in vivo condition of the same tissues, the cells in vivo exhibited the sex chromatin in high frequency at the peak showed stage. 2. In guinea-pig , the frequencyies of peripheral positive I were 36.8% in female and 6.3% in male, while non-peripheral positions were 6.1% in female and 3.5% inmale. Its incident was a rate of nearly 4 times higher in female than male. The nuclear dimorphism was also established in cultrued cells of guinea-pig. The position and the incident frquency showed a similar pattern as in cat except the primary extracted cells. 3. In chick embryo, the frequencies of sex chromatin positive I of peripheral position were 38.2% in female, and 18.3% in male, non-peripheral position, however, was hardly to find. These results suggest that the definite sexual dimorphism was unable to find in chick embryo cultured cells. The position and the incident tendency were a similar pattern as in above mammals and the frequency was higher in vitro cells.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.313-321
• /
• 1997

The antibiotic residues of the urine, the liver, the lung, the kidney and the spleen in slaughtered pigs at Kyongbuk province were detected by TLC(505 kit) and EEC-4 plate method. 1. The positive rate of residual sulfamethazine which was detected by 505 kit in the urine (n=200) was 0.0%. 2. The positive rate of residual sulfamethazine which was detected by EEC-4 plate in the urine (n=126), the liver(n=98), the kidney(n=72), the spleen (n=68) and the lung(n=48) were 63%, 49%, 36%, 34% and 24%, respectively. 3. By EEC-4 plate method, the positive detection rates of the urine were 53.0% in BS(pH 6.0), 29.0% in BS(pH 7.2), 11.5% in BS(pH 8.0) and 13.0% in ML(pH 8.0) medium, that of the liver 41.5% in BS(pH 6.0), 22.0% in BS(pH 7.2), 6.5% in BS(pH 8.0) and 5.0%, in ML (pH 8.0) medium, that of the lung 21.0% in BS(pH 6.0), 9.5%, in BS(pH 7.2) and 8.5% in BS(pH 8.0) medium, and that of the kidney 31.5% in BS(pH 6.0), 14.5% in BS(pH 7.2), 20.0% in BS(pH 8.0) and 3.0% in ML(pH 8.0) medium. In the spleen, only in BS(pH 6.0) medium the positive rate was detected as 33.5 %. 4. The positive rates of samples which shown TLC-positive detected by EEC-4 plate method were 53.9% in no band, 77.8% in one band, 80.9% in two bands, 66.7% in three bands, respectively. In conclusion, the EEC-4 plate method could be applied for the detection of residual antibiotics in samples which shown as out of standard Rf values by TLC-method (SOS kit).

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한인간공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 1993

To investigate the work-relatedness of carpal tunnel syndrome of some workers at packing department in a rayon manufacturing company, reseracher studied the symptoms and physical sign related to carpal tunnel syndrome of the workers at packing, ysrning, and washing department. The results are as follows: 1. By the results of ergonomic study, the packing work had the considerable probability to develop the carpal tunnel syndrome. 2. The prevalences of symptoms, physical sign and case by definition were higher in woman workers than in man workers. 3. In female workers, the age-agjusted prevalence rates of symptoms were 11.6/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 111.6/1, 000 in workers at packing department, and 70.1/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. In male workers, the age- adjusted rates of symptoms were 92.1/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 210.1/1, 000 in workers at packing and delivery department, and 0.0/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. 4. In female workers, the age-adjusted prevalence rates of physical signs were 119.5/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 104.4/1, 000 in workers at packing department, and 84.5 in workers at yarning department. In male workers, the age-adjusted rates of physical signs were 65.7/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 59.0/1, 000 in workers at packing and delivery department, and 176.9/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. 5. In female workers, the age- adjusted prevelence rates of carpal tunnel cases by case definition were 123.1/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 1117.2/1, 000 in workers at packing department, and 60.2/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. In male workers, the age-adjusted of cases were 355.9/1, 000 in workers at packing and delivery department, and 0.0/1, 000 in workers at other two departments. 6. The most of female workdrs at washing departmentn had the work history at packing department. 7. We concluded the carpal tunnel syndrome of female workers at packing department were work related.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.1103-1122
• /
• 2009

In this essay, I compare the ways in which the mid-thirteenth century English romance, Floris and Blancheflour, represents relationships of the Spanish pagan queen to her adoptive Christian daughter who becomes her daughter-in-law, with the ways in which Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale and other so-called Constance romances delineate relationships between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law. What draws me into these romances is the fact that they both convey the intergenerational relationships of women. However, the texts become distinct from each other in the way in which each depicts women characters and their relationships with one another. In this paper, I argue that the level of intimacy that the mother-in-law figure has with the daughter-in-law figure plays a defining role in making the former perform her agency for or against the latter. In the Man of Law's Tale and other Constance romances, the daughter-in-law figure is in every sense an alien or 'outsider' to the mother-in-law figure. To the contrary, Blancheflour in Floris is a sort of 'insider' to the queen because they lived in the same household for fourteen years-ever since the girl's birth. The queen, therefore, should have a high degree of intimacy with Blancheflour. I argue that the pagan queen's intimacy to the daughter of a Christian-European captive has enabled the queen to protect the girl as her adoptive daughter first and as a daughter-in-law second, namely contributing to her unreserved endorsement of the inter-racial-religious-class union between her only son, Floris, and Blancheflour. This is one major factor that distinguishes the relationship of the queen and Blancheflour in Floris from the dysfunctional relationships of mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law in the late medieval Constance romances, where women of different generations are strangers to each other, and no way is imagined for women of different races and religions to get along with each other.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.409-418
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study conducted an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of trends in healthy lifestyle behaviors in Japan. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Survey data on salt intake and prevalence of smoking, drinking, and physical activity between 1995 and 2018 in Japan. Age groups were defined from 20 years to 69 years old in 10-year increments. Cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift, and cohorts born in 1926-1935 (first cohort) until 1989-1998 (last cohort) were examined. We conducted a Bayesian APC analysis, calculating estimated values for each behavior by age group, period, and cohort. Results: Estimated salt intake decreased from cohorts born in the 1930s to the 1960s, but increased thereafter in both genders, and the magnitude of increase was larger for men. Estimated smoking prevalence increased in the cohorts starting from the 1930s for men and the 1940s for women, and then decreased starting in the cohorts born in the 1970s for both genders. Although estimated drinking prevalence decreased starting in the cohorts born in approximately 1960 for men, for women it increased until the cohorts born in approximately 1970. Estimated physical activity prevalence decreased starting in the cohorts born in the 1940s in both genders, but the magnitude of decrease was larger for women. Conclusions: Trends in cohort effects differed by gender, which might be related to changes in the social environment for women. Improvements in dietary and exercise habits are required in more recently born cohorts of both genders.